XXX -X-XXXX -XXXX -XXXXX.00 20XX IEEE Parking system [612501]

XXX -X-XXXX -XXXX -X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE Parking system

Abstract—purpose of this project is to describe the
automatiza tion of a parking system , on the hardware and also
software stage. The main characteristic is the security level of
parking house, is the RFID module which assure the authorized
entrance.
I final version of the project is based on the following
components : RFID module, infrared sensor, servomotor, LCD,
ultrasonic sensor, RGB led , buzzer a nd other electronical
elements
I wrote the code for the functionality of parking house
using the Arduino IDE program, which uses his own language,
which is very si milar to C language. I have been testing all of the
components apart, a nd at the end with all modules together. I
obtained the following result; the par king house is working right,
with secure entrance and automated exit poin t, using an
ultrasoni c sensor f or controlling the motor. The program also
displays the available parking places in LCD and the messages
from an authorized/non -authorizes acces.
Keywords —RFID module, parking system, servomotor,
ultrasonic sensor.
I. INTRODUCTION
The automatic parking syste m is an excellent solution
for all drivers, car owners, who face daily lack of parking
space. This is a problem valid in all the major cities of the
world. [13]
Nowadays, in many public places such as malls,
multiplex systems, hospitals, offices, parking a reas, parking
is a huge problem. The parking area has several lanes /
parking slots. So, to park a car, you have to look for all the
bands. Moreover, this involves a lot of manual and
investment work.
Conventional parking systems do not have an
intelligent monitoring system, and parking spaces are
monitored by guards.
A lot of time is lost looking for the free parking slot
and often creates traffic jams. The conditions become more
pronounced when there are multiple parking bands and
multiple parking lots. Using park management would reduce
human effort and time with additional comfort. The conditions become more pronounced when there are
multiple parking bands and multiple parking lots. Using
park management would reduce human effort and time with
addition al comfort.
Literature Analysis The concept of automated parking is
determined by two factors: the need for parking and the lack
of available land. The first use of an automatic parking
system (APS) was in Paris, France in 1905 at Garage Rue de
Pontius [1 4]. APS found in a multi -storey concrete structure
with an internal lift to transport cars to upper levels where
participants parked cars [15].
II. THEORETICAL FOUNDATI ON
A. Background
This paper describes the functionality of a private
parking system, both the hardware component and the
software component. The hardware incl udes the following
components: Arduino UNO , RFID RC522 module, HC –
SR04 ultrasonic sensor, two micro -servo motor s, two
infrared sensors, one RGB led, one LCD and two
breadboard, power supplies. The software component
includes the Arduino IDE program in C ++.
The input structure is composed for the following
circuits: an RFID sensor, an infrared sensor, a servomotor, a
buzzer and an RGB LED. In the following I will present the
construction of th e circuit. I started with connecting the
RFID module to Arduino. I used a MFRC 522 module,
which is an 8 -pin module, 2 power pins, and 6 signal pins. I
plugged the module, but I noticed it does not work. After
reviewing the datasheet I realized why it does not work. The
component feeds to 3.3V, works at the logic level equal to
the supply voltage, a nd the Arduino operates at the 5V logic
level. The RFID module uses the CMOS logic standard, and
the microcontroller uses the TTL logic standard. The
developmen t board when sending a command sets the
desired pin to the HIGH level, in our case 5V, and the radio
frequency identification module to 3.3V. Direct connection
does not result in proper operation, because when the
microcontroller receives a HIGH signal gen erated by t he
RFID module, it considers to be a LOW signal due to the
voltage difference.
To solve this problem I used a bidi rectional level
translator, which converts 3.3V voltage to 5V. The Level
Translator has four channels, so it can practically transl ate
four command signals and is ideal for SPI, I2C commutation
protocols.
On the PCB are marked the meanings of the pins: LV1 –
4, LV, HV, GND, HV1 -4. The LV pin (low voltage) I
connected to 3.3V together with the RST pin on RFID, and
the HV pin I connected to 5V. I connected the GND pins to
the ground. The four signal of LV1 -4 I connected to pin
SDA, SCK, MOSI, MISO. The IRQ of the RFID dc PCB
remains unconnected. Signals of HV1 -4 I connected to
ARDUINO at pins 12, 11, 13, 10.

After the implementation of t he hardware part, I started
generating the code for reading the TAGs. When
implementing the software part, I used the MFRC522.h
library on the A rduino official site, which has functions
designed to read data from the access card.
The functions I use in the library are:
mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent (),
mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial (), mfrc522.uid.size,
MFRC522, mfrc522 (SS_PIN, RST_PIN),
mfrc522.PCD_Init (), mfrc522.PCD_DumpVersionToSerial
().
The first function is used to detect TAGs near RFID.
The program stays in the loop as long as there is no TAG
near it. Each card contains an ID and a date block. The
second function only reads data from the card. MFRC522
mfrc522 (SS_PIN, RST_PIN) is a class defined for Registry
commands. The other function shows the siz e of the IDs of
the cards. The mfrc522.PCD_DumpVersionToSerial ()
function returns read data from the card and is displayed on
the serial monitor. The last function I used to initiate the
mode.
I've written several programs to understand how it
works
if (content.substring(1) == "96 02 75 A5")
{
lcd.init();
lcd.print("Acces autorizat");
setColor(0,255,0);
delay(1000);
for(pos=0;pos<=90;pos+=1)
{
myservo.write(pos);
IRvalueD = digitalRead(pinIRd);
Serial.println(IRvalueD);
if(IRvalueD==1)
{

delay(5000);
//IRvalueD = digitalRead(pinIRd);
// if(IRvalueD==1)
for (pos=90;pos<=0;pos –);
{
myservo.write(pos);

setColor(255,255,255);

} }
}

}

else {
lcd.init();
lcd.print(" Acces neautorizat");
setColor(255,0,0);
digitalWrite(buzzerPin,HIGH);
delay(500);
setColor(255,255,255);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buzzerPin,LOW);
}

III. IMPLEMENTATION OF TH E PROBLEM SOLUTION
This chapter will detail the pra ctical installation with
the components, modules, motors, sensors used and the
software part respectively. The assembly of this work is the
miniature of a private parking garage. As a private car park,
the project was realized with only 10 parking spaces. The
privatization of pa rking is done using FRID RC522 modu le.
This privatization method ensures that only authorized
persons have access to this parking space, being the owners
of an access card.
The functionality of the system is simple: at the
entrance of the parking garage I used an RFID module,
which if detects a valid card automatically opens the barrier.
The barrier was simulated with a servomotor, an d when is
operated an open -close cycle, that means the I have less
parking place and the number of a vailable parking spaces is
decreasing . At the exit point of the parking house , I used an
ultras onic sensor. The ul trasonic sensor works as simply: If
an object is in front of the barrier for 1 cm, the sensor send a
command to the microcontroller to open the exit barrier, and
automatically clears the available places that are displayed
on the LCD.
I also used an infrared sensor that detects if an object
is located under the barrier, a vehicle , which avoids the
destruction of the object placed under the b arrier. I also used
an RGB LED and a buzzer. If I have an access with a valid
card, the LED lights up in green, and in case of unauthorized
access, the LED turns red and a buzzer warning signal
sounds. In the first step I chose the microcontroller to
progr am the desired system. The microcontroller I choose is
an Atm ega328P, located on an Arduino U no development
board. Arduino U no is an open -source, simple to use
platform with peripherals that lets us connect, program and
read sensors and other electronic de vices.
For developing the code for my project, I ch ose the
Arduino IDE tool . Arduino can be programmed using USB
2.0 and not serial port, which is an advantage because
modern computers have several USB ports.
As I wrote above, I used an RFID module at the garage
entrance. I connected the module to the A rduino, so it was
also specified in the catalog sheet. Through the serial port I
read the datablock from the access card , and I chose the ID
of the authorized card. So I also connected the servomotor to
the c ircuit, which has a barrier role. The engine receives a
command from the microcontroller when RFID detects in a
valid card. This control is nothing more than a command for
rotating the servomotor 90 degrees to its initial position.
As long as a car is und er the barrier, the barrier does not
close. To implement this I chose an infrared line sensor with
adjustable sensitivity. After that I connected a 1602 LCD
keyboard. The display is meant to show us the available
parking places, of c ourse this number is in creased /
decreased and additionally displays me ssages in the case of
aapproved / unapproved access. Now let's see what happens if a vehicl e wants to leave
the parking house . The operation of the system is very
simple and efficient: if the machine reaches a distance of
1cm in front of the barrier, it automatically opens and lets
the o bject pass through. This is realized with a HC -SR04
ultrasonic sensor, a remote sensor that works at the speed
of sound. This will be explained in the following
chapters. The s ensor used in my project is a long -range
reflexive ultrasonic sensor, which I use to determine the
distance to where the vehicle is located. According to the
datasheet, the HC -SR04 has an 8 -bit EM78P153 / 3S
microcontroller with OTP ROM, a MAX232 transmitt er
and a LM324 receiver. The measuring range of the sensor
is [2 cm; 400 cm] with an accuracy of 2 -3 mm. The
module contains a transmitter, receiver and control
circuit. The sensor is very sensitive beca use at an angle
greater than 15 degrees no longer see the object, so we
must be very careful that the place the object in front of
the sensor .
As it wr ites in the sensor datasheet , the sensor sends
a 40 kHz sonic pulse in 8 cycles to the Trig pin, the speed
of sound in air that will be received after its r eflection by
an obstacle to the Echo pine.
To implement the software I started from the speed
formula:

v = Δd / Δt
where Δd is the displacement vector and Δt is the
time interval
The speed of sound is in dry air at 14 oC, it is 340
m / s. We converted fro m m / s to cm / μs and obtained
the formula:
340 m/s*100 cm/m*(1 s )/( 〖10〗^(6 )µs)=0.034
cm/(µs)

IV. RESULTS

As shown in the above figures, the information can be
read from the card, including the UID card. The information
is stored in memory that is divided into segments and
blocks. Butter 1024 bytes of data storage divided into 16
sectors and each sector is protected by two different keys, A
and B.
After running the program I got a functional system
that simulates private p arking w ith 10 available seats.
The infrared sensor generates a HIGH signal on the
digital pin, and when it dete cts an object, the digital sen sor
passes to the LOW level. As long as the analog sensor pin
generates a random number generated by the digital analog
converter.
If the sensor detects an object , this generates a number
close to the low logic level, and if there is no obstacle in
front of the sensor then it generates a number closer to the
maximum number that can be generated by the numerical
analog converter 1023, a 10 -bit con verter .
After these I tested if I use a valid card open the barrier
and the LED lights up in green. At the first run of the
program I noticed that the opening part of the barrier works
correctly, but the closing part does not. The barrier closes
when was placed an object under the barrier, the infrared
sensor does not detect the object. To check the program
after each set of the most important code line I set it to
display on the LCD if the part was executed.
The program dis plays the correct message in the case
of a valid card, but also in the case of a n invalid card, the
circuit responds to the design requirement. As shown in the
figure below, in the case of invalid access, the red light
comes on and goes off with a 500 ms d elay, repeating this
twice, and during that time the buzzer switches on and off.
In the case of authorized access, the LED lights up in
green and the parking barrier opens. The ultrasonic sensor
stuck to the top of the servomotor when detecting the
presen ce of an object, a green LED lights up, and as long as
the barrier remains open. When the barrier is no longer
obstructed, it closes automatically after a delay of 5 seconds.
The count of available seats works well, every closing of the barrier at the entr ance decreases and reaches 0 does not
display negative values.
V. CONCLUSION
The purpose of this paper is to simulate a private
parking with an RFID module with servomotors wit h
infrared sensors, LCD, RGB LED and b uzzer. and
ultrasonic sensor. I have impleme nted both hardware and
software parts.
When I run the program, the LCD shows "Available
places: 10". The circuit works as I wanted: it does not
display negative values after 0, and does not display values
greater than 10.
I have RFID programmed to open the entrance barrier
with a single access card with a unique ID and the rest of the
cards have no access to t he parking. T he system works only
if we have the valid card it opens the barrier, the "authorized
access" message is displayed on the LCD and the LED
lights up in green, otherwise the "unauthorized access"
message is displayed, the LED flashes in red 2 times with a
delay of 500ms, and the buzzer starts and stops.
At the exit of the parking garage the barrier opens only
if the ultrasonic sensor detects the object a t a distance of 1
cm, for greater values nothing happens. If the vehicle is
under the barrier, the barrier does not close. The circuit
works well even after sev eral barrier openings .
I have been able to implement the totality that I have
proposed to implement within this project. As an
improvement is code optimization for controlling parking,
grouping certain pieces of code into functions.
The project can be continued with the addition of a lift
that carries the car to different floors of a multi -level
parking lot, and the introduction o f a voice recognition
system for more advantageous parking management.

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