What Is Translation
Translation is a very dynamic and complex process and its main purpose is to replace the original word with its equivalent from another language but, in the same time, to maintain the original sense. Therefore, translation is not only a process of finding the proper equivalent of a word into another language but it is also a process of interpretation which requires a wide knowledge, speaking skills and high intellectual capacity. The difference between the two is determined by the medium because the interpreter translates the text on the spot without any sources or materials meanwhile a translator is in possession of dictionaries, materials and, most important of all, time.
There are a great variety of theories regarding translation mainly because of the high necessity of translation, which has a great significance in the modernization and the evolution of the humanity. Translating made possible both the communication between different countries as well as getting in touch with other cultures that, eventually, produced considerable changes as people began to borrow customs, traditions from other regions beyond the borders of their own country. Even though, at the beginning, the process was quite slow and translations were rare, in time, the translation proved to be a process of great necessity and as a result of his, nowadays, texts are translated in more than a thousand languages. These theories regarding translation are various due to this complex process which can be perceived from many different perspectives as the authors have dissimilar intentions and the language is very diversified so it can bring up important changes and innovations.
According to Dubois, to translate means to express in one language something that has been expressed in other preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences. Consequently, beside carrying a wide knowledge of the language, a translator should also be aware of the cultural, historical and social context of that specific culture. As a result, the final translation must have the same meaning and also, to produce the same effect on the reader as the original text. Therefore, the translation must reflect entirely the meaning of the original text without any personal interference or extra contribution but neither removal.
SEMANTIC AND STYLISTIC EQUIVALENCE
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