The life support system is the most important component of our place named “home” that address the core needs of human life : air, water, and oxygen… [623927]

LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS
The life support system is the most important component of our place named “home” that address
the core needs of human life : air, water, and oxygen supply, waste disposal, and air temperature
and pressure regulation.
MAJOR LIFE SUPPORT FUNCTION
Environmental Control
Atmosphere temperature control
Humidity control
Atmosphere pressure control
Atmosphere composition control
Ventilation
Atmosphere monitoring
Vehicle leakage compensation
Vehicle wall temperature control and heat leak
compensation
Atmosphere
Revitalization
Oxygen supply
Atmosphere diluent supply
Carbon dioxide removal and management
Atmosphere contaminant gas removal
Atmosphere particle and debris removal
Atmosphere microbial removal or control
Odor removal or control TYPICAL EQUIPMENT, PROCESS, OR
FUNCTION REQUIRED
Heat exchanger (HX)
Condensing HX and condensate collector
Sensors and valves
Sensors and valves
Fans and distribution ducts
Sensors and display
Sensors and valves
Insulation or active thermal conditioning
Storage tanks or electrolysis of H2O
Storage tanks or generation from chemical
storage
Chemical or regenerable process
Catalytic oxidizer and/or physical /chemical
process
Debris trap and filters
Filters or thermal process Physical, chemical or
thermal process

Water Management
Water storage and/or reclamation
Water distribution
Water thermal conditioning
Water purification or quality maintenance
Water quality monitoring
Wastewater storage or management
Waste Management
Urine collection and management
Fecal collection and management
Trash collection and management
Food and microbe prone waste collection and
management
Food Service
Food supply and storage
Food preparation
Food serving utensils and containers
Water dispenser (hot and cold)
Thermal Control
Heat collection and transport
Cold plate cooling
Heat rejection
Health and Hygiene
Personal hygiene
Housekeeping
Clothes management and cleaning
Dish cleaning
Medical provisions
Exercise provisions
Recreation provisions
Habitability, operations and safety
Furniture and bedding
Fire control
Lighting
Emergency shelter and life support provisions
Protective garment and life support provisions
Emergency escape provisions
Life support system control and monitoring
Noise control
Privacy provisions
Extravehicular Activities (EVA)
Space suit Tanks or water reclamation process
Valves and plumbing
Heater and chiller
Chemical additives or ion generator
Sensors, display and valves
Tanks and valves
Urine collector and tank
Fecal collector and storage
Compactor Compactor or disposal and
chemical additives
Storage bins, refrigerator, and freezer
Oven, counter, pots/pans Trays, knives, forks,
spoons
Water dispenser
Pumps, heat exchangers, plumbing, valves
Cold plate heat exchangers
Radiators
Full body shower, hand wash
Vacuum cleaner
Clothes storage and clothes washer
Dish washer
First aid kit and drug storage
Stationary bicycle, treadmill Games, books,
television
Desk, table, chairs, beds
Sensor, warning, extinguishing equipment
General lighting and portable spot lighting
Isolatable volume or redundant habitat
Intravehicular pressure garment
Portable enclosure for extravehicular transport
Life support control center
Noise suppressors
Curtains and/or partitions
Pressurized mobility unit or garment
Small, short duration life support system
Storage, recharge, cleaning and repair
provisions

Portable life support provisions
EVA equipment servicing and recharge
Our Life Support System provide the necessary conditions to sustain human life in a hostile
environment over prolonged periods of time. It takes care of the composition of the atmosphere
(%oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide) and regulate pressure and temperature using physico-
chemical processes, requiring periodic re-supply of fungible materials. We use recycled elements
(eg water) if possible we have brought others from Earth (eg food). Re-supply is a major problem
for the feasibility of long-term witch we address in a proper way. By using a mix between clasical
Life Support System and the new generation of Biological Life support System, we use biological
organisms (bacteria, algae, plants etc) to regenerate air, water and food with the objective of
complete self-sufficiency. To recycle water from wastes we use microorganism cultures ; we can
recycled water through plant transpiration and we can produce oxygen is by photosynthesis.
Our system makes oxygen by separating liquid water into hydrogen and oxygen gas, using
electricity from the solar panels. It removes toxic carbon dioxide from inside the station using filters.
It uses waste carbon dioxide and hydrogen gases to make water, which is eventually returned to
the system to make oxygen again.

1.1ENERGY
1.1.1.Classical operational system for obtaining and using energy
In order to be able to meet these needs of the crew and the people living here, the most important
problem to be solved is to provide the energy needed for all of them. In order to operate at full
capacity, the station must always have energy sources, use reusable energy and control excessive
consumption.
When we are talking about energy we will talk about:
•Power generation
•Energy storage
•Power management and distribution
Our station can be powered by energy stored in a battery or fuel cell and released ss the craft
travels, or it can be generated as the journey progresses. Our stored energy is refered to :
•Batteries – energy made on Earth and can release it as electricity. The batteries are also
made by using the new technologies and 3D printers
•Solar panels – convert light into electricity.
•Radioisotope thermoelectric generators – radioactive materials, encased in a sealed shell,
will generate heat as they decay into non-radioactive materials.
•Fuel cells – are storing power in the form of separated oxygen and hydrogen. A thin
membrane between the two elements harnesses the energy separated when the oxygen
and hydrogen combine to form water.
We can rely for energy on the Sun that provides 1.4 kilowatts of power/m2 in Earth orbit This is
why we incorporate wing-like solar arrays or else have them layered across their hull.
These are composed of photovoltaic cells connected in a network, which produce an electrical
current when light shines on them –working like the light emitting diodes of (LEDs), but in reverse.
Solar panels of our spacecraft supply power for two main uses:
•to be able to run the sensors, to control heating, cooling and telemetry.
•For propulsion – solar-electric propulsion
We use multi-junction photovoltaic cells. To capture more energy from the sun we use several
layers of gallium arsenide, indium gallium phosphide, and germanium. Those kind of leading edge
multi-junction cells are capable of exceeding 38.8% under non-concentrated AM1.5G illumination
and 46% using concentrated AM1.5G illumination.
Our solar panels are constructed of these cells trimmed into appropriate shapes and
cemented onto a substrate, with protective glass covers. The electrical connections are made in
series-parallel to get to a total output voltage. The cement and the substrate are thermally
conductive, for the the cells to absorb infrared energy and can reach high temperatures, though
they are more efficient when kept to lower temperatures.
What happens with the system when the sun is continuing the eternal cycle and goes after
the Earth and/or Moon?
The response is the usage of:
Nickel Cadmium Cells •They have a long space heritage, a high cycle life, a simple charge
control systems, but they have to be reconditinrd after 3000 cycles
Nickel Hydrogen Cells • They have a longer life l than Nickel Cadmium Cells and they are
tolerant of high overcharge rates and reversal
Lithium Ion Cells •They are used to power large temporary loads and they are easy
rechargeable

Flywheel Energy Storage Modules • While in sunlit orbit, the motor spin the flywheel to a fully
charged speed – generator mode take over to discharge the flywheel and power the satellite
during the eclipse phase –• Weighing less than 130 lbs, is 18.4-in. in diameter by 15.9-in. in length
– Delivers 2 kW-hr of useful energy for a typical 37- minute LEO eclipse cycle – high speeds of up
to 60,000 rpm • the current average for commercial GSO storage is 2,400 lbs of batteries, which is
decreased to 720 lbs with an equivalent FESM. •
Solar Cell • Long heritage, high reliability power source • High specific power, low specific cost •
Elevated temperature reduce cell performance • Radiation reduces performance and lifetime
Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators • They do not require sunlight to operate and provide
longer lifetimes than solar power systems being insensitive to the chilling cold of space and
virtually invulnerable to high radiation fields.They do not require maintenance
1.1.2.Neutrino Energy
Sending a spaceship into the outer space and maintaining life at its board involves using
large amounts of energy and discovering new forms to generate them. One form that has not been
used yet is the neutrino energy. This is based on converting neutrinos into energy, more exactly
turning the kinetic energy of the neutrinos coming from cosmic radiation into electricity. At first, we
asked ourselves if it is possible, how it could be done and what the costs would be. In fact, it did
turn out to be possible: the 2015 Physics Nobel Prize laureates, Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B.
McDonald, have discovered the neutrino oscillations. This demonstrates that neutrinos have mass.
As everything with mass produces kinetic energy while moving (E=mc ²), energy could be indeed
produced. One of the advantages would be the fact that it can be harvested even in the dark, away
from sunlight, which maximizes the efficiency of the process. In order to understand how much
energy neutrinos can produce we did some research and we have found out that 1 neutrino is
equivalent to 10 billion electronvolts and that the amount of energy that reaches out to the Earth in
a year is bigger than the energy that could be generated from all the fossils and fuels remaining
combined.
The flux of solar neutrinos is 5 x 10 1010cm−2−2s−1−1, i.e. 5 x 101414m−2−2s−1−1, and the
energy per neutrino is 10 77eV. 1eV is about 1.6 x 10 −19−19J, so I make that about 800Wm −2−2.
A great number of American and German companies have showed interest in developing
the neutrino energy technology, so in order to better understand the process, the materials
involved and how it could work on a spaceship, we contacted the Neutrino-Energy Group from
Germany, whose main purpose is studying this form of energy and finding ways to generate it.

Materials Needed
After discovering the superconductivity of trilayer graphene, which conducts electricity at
1.7 degrees Kelvin without any energy loss, scientists have tried to create a material with similar
characteristics, so that energy could result from neutrino motion. Elastic and thin components must
be used, such as graphene or silicon, so that the collision of neutrinos with molecules would
generate electricity. According to the Cryogenic Society of America, “ in order to attain the required
effect, several extremely thin layers of spiked graphene and silicon are applied to a suitable
substrate. When neutrinos pass through these layers, they are not captured, but they do give the
graphene vertical impulses, while the silicon particles are caused to move in a horizontal direction.
When the layers are of an optimal thinness, these atomic vibrations create a resonance that is
carried over to the substrate, and the resulting kinetic energy can be converted into electricity “ [5]
Under the direction of mathematician Holger Thorsten Schubart , the CEO of Neutrino Group, this
method has been tested and repeated multiple times and it has proven to be efficient and work in
one of the laboratories from the University of Chicago.
Another composite that the Neutrino Energy Group has been testing on is Patent Number
WO2016142056A1.
The amount of energy produced depends on the surface of the material used and on its

dimensions: the larger it is, the more energy will be produced. That means that the exterior walls of
the spaceship will be equipped with materials like this one.
“Heating and energy will be provided through NEUTRINO Power-Cubes, thus eliminating
the present reliance upon environmentally harmful substances such as oil and natural gas. And
because these Power-Cubes will be implemented directly at the point where the energy is needed,
it will also become unnecessary to produce electricity centrally and then send it hundreds of
kilometers at great loss. Batteries will serve merely to bridge the gap during short periods of
unusually high energy consumption. “ – via https://www.power-technology.com/features/neutrino-
energy-harnessing-the-power-of-cosmic-radiation/
In principle, harvesting neutrinos as an energy source is similar to that of a traditional
photovoltaic (PV) solar cell. Neutrinos are not captured; instead a portion of their kinetic energy is
taken and converted into electricity.
The Neutrino Power Cell is made of layers of silicon and carbon, which are applied to a
metallic substrate with surgical precision so that when neutrinos hit them, it results in a resonance.
Neutrino Energy discovered how to build such a cell that could convert the optimal level of
resonance into resonating frequency on an electrical conductor, and then capture this energy. A
crucial advantage is that the process requires no sunlight.
However, there still remains a lot of research to be done and more materials to be
discovered, so one of the activities of our laboratories will include this kind of research.
1.2Environmental Control
We have to always to balance the heat input plus the heat produced internally with the heat
output to maintain thermal equilibrium.
To maintain thermal equilibrium, the ECLSS balance inputs and outputs, as well as internal
heat sources.
Heat Out = Heat In + Internal Heat (for thermal equilibrium)
We use two basic approaches to thermal control passive thermal control and active termal
control.
Passive thermal control is refearing to be able to control the colony temperature, designing
the entire system to regulate heat input and output, and creating convenient heat conduction
paths. We placed various types of multi-layer insulation (MLI) on top of the structure. MLI consists
of alternating sheets of polymer material, such as Mylar™ or Kapton™.
White or gold-colored thermal blankets reflect infrared, IR, helping to protect the spacecraft

from excess solar heating. Gold is a very efficient IR reflector, and is used to shade critical
components. We have apllied Mylar™ or Kapton™ adhesive tape to surfaces to vary the amount of
heat absorbed by different areas and insulate the subsystems underneath. Typically, we can meet
nearly 85% of a 4.4.1-442 spacecraft’s thermal-control demands through passive means, by simply
choosing the right surface coatings and insulation Optical solar reflectors (OSRs, also called
Thermal Control Mirrors), which are quartz mirror tiles, are used for passive thermal control on
some spacecraft, to reflect sunlight and radiate IR.
Active thermal control employs working fluids, heaters, pumps, and other devices to move
and eject heat.
Radioisotope heater units (RHUs) are placed at specific locations on the spacecraft.
Temperature sensors are placed at many locations throughout the spacecraft, and their
measurements are telemetered to thermal engineers. They can command heaters as needed, and
recommend any needed modifications to spacecraft operations to make sure no thermal limits are
violated.
For long-term method for ejecting heat ,to radiate heat, we have designed special surface
areas on the spacecraft with low absorptivity and very high emissivity (low α/ε). These special
areas then readily emit any heat concentrated near them. These surfaces are called radiators.The
radiators are on the inside of the payload bay doors
Internal Thermal Control.
Inside the spacecraft we have different problems. Often the trouble is not having too much or too
little heat, but, instead, it’s having the heat (or lack of it) in the right place. Each subsystem has
different thermal requirements, and we must keep them all happy. Some components, such as
propellant lines and tanks, need to stay warm to prevent freezing. Others, such as high-power
payloads, need active cooling
Heat pipes offer a simple, open-loop active thermal control technique. The big cooling advantage
comes from the latent heat absorbed when liquids vaporize.
Also, for removing heat we use paraffin with a relatively low melting point to remove heat from a
component during times of peak thermal demand. As the paraffin absorbs heat, it melts. When the
component is no longer in use and stops producing heat, the melted paraffin conducts or radiates
this heat to other parts of the spacecraft. The thermal control system will eject the heat by
radiation. As the paraffin cools, it solidifies and is ready for use during the next peak demand cycle.
Our Ventilation Systems work through the zeolites to provide purity of the air, because of the fact
that carbon dioxide is sticking to the molecular sieve.
As for pressure on our space station, we have decided that the pressure value will be the same as
the pressure on Earth (14.7 psi=101.352 kPa), the value of the density being 1,2 3⁄, in order to
avoid any negative effects on the inhabitant’s health. Considering the volume of the settlement
equal to 6,28 × 106 3 we will calculate the mass of the atmosphere thus:
= => m = × =1,2 ×6,28 × 106 = 7,53 × 106 Kg
1.3 Atmosphere
1.3.1.Oxygen
Our life-support subsystem provide O2 at a high enough partial pressure to allow for comfortable
breathing.
According to a study by ISS, the mass of oxygen required by a daily human is 840 grams. Using
the rule of 3, we will calculate both the required mass of the entire popula-tion and the estimated
cost of launching pure oxygen from the Earth, given the initial population of 11,500 and the cost of
one kilogram of pure oxygen equal to $ 95,000.

It is known that the lunar surface is dry and seems almost useless for the development of a
space settlement, but it provides valuable resources. There has been found water at the poles,
more exactly considerable deposits of ice situated in craters.
`These deposits might have a major role, because they may provide important water
supply, including drinking water. The lunar ice could also be split into hydrogen and oxygen through
a process called electrolysis or through a process that can be done in zero-gravity, only by using
solar light and a semiconductor. Therefore, the oxygen obtained might be used as a propellant and
the hydrogen into harvesting more oxygen. The lunar regolith is also another source of materials
for the space settlement. The pyroclastic glass, considered to mark the lunar volcanic vents, is
abundant in titanium in iron and could help at the whole building process of the spaceship. On the
other hand, lunar regolith contains a mass of 40% oxygen, that can be extracted using the new
”molten salt electrolysis’’ method, that results in metal alloys and oxygen.
Our life support systems is generating oxygen through this: oxygen is removed from water
via electrolysis (2 H 2O + electrical current 2H 2 + O2). The water that we use in this process is
coming from wasted urine and some stored water . The electrical current is provided via solar
panels. The hydrogen is vented into space sometimes, We use othertimes this hydrogen
combined with carbon dioxide to create additional oxygen and/or water for the reactorreactor. In
this reactor => hydrogen is mixed with carbon dioxide at high temperatures (900 F–1,200 o F) to
create first water, then oxygen.
We also use the solid fuel oxygen generator (SFOG) system, which employs a chemical
reaction (heating lithium perchlorate) to create oxygen. [This is the same technology used in the
emergency oxygen masks of commercial aircraft.] Each 2.2 kg perchlorate “candle” produces 600
liters of oxygen, a supply sufficient for one person for one day.
The main way that we generate and keep a breathable atmosphere is taken from earth. It is
called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants capture carbon dioxide
released by humans and generate oxygen in their turn.
We obtail oxygen from nature by using the algae tanks and also from our green spaces, under the
LED illumination system
Photosynthesis reaction: 6 CO 2 + 6 H2O + light —> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
The station oxygen monitoring system ensure that an adequate alveolar oxygen tension is
maintained at all times. Oxygenation of the lungs relies upon both atmospheric pressure and
gaseous composition.
Our station carbon dioxide monitoring systems deal with levels significantly higher than
what is seen terrestrially: 7.6 mm Hg of carbon dioxide is the upper limit of normal.
1.3.2.Contaminant Removal (Biological, Chemical, Particulate)
We are talking about 2 categories of contaminants: particulate and gaseous – both
biological (iefood preparation or by the crew) and chemical (as can be seen from off-gassing of
cabin materials, cleaning supplies, or certain scientific experiments). Carbon dioxide is the most
important contaminant to be removed from the environment.
The removal of these substances occurs through: charcoal filters and high efficiency
particulate air (HEPA) filters that screen out 97% of particles larger than 3 microns, or through
catalytic oxidizers.
The removal of the particles from cyanide gas to molten metal particles is achieved through
the use of filters, such as toxic byproducts of the Halon used as a fire suppressant on the station.
On the station, air is drawn through a 300-µm filter to remove particulate matter, then sent
through two lithium hydroxide-activated charcoal canisters which absorb carbon dioxide and odors.

The air then travels to the heat exchanger and is cooled by water coolant loops; humidity
condensate is removed (up to four lbs/hour), separated from the air, and sent to the waste water
tank. Part of the revitalized air is then returning into the cabin, with a small fraction of the air sent
to the carbon monoxide removal unit. This device converts carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide,
which can then be removed by the lithium hydroxide canisters.
1.3.3.Carbon Dioxide Removal
The Carbon dioxide is the gas which contribues to the life support system and we have to
handle it. The average human exhales approximately 600 liters per day. The environment system
must remove the carbon dioxide before it accumulates to dangerous levels. We use both
absorption by using lithium hydroxide – as a a chemical reagentand also adsorption using
zeolite – a physical reagent. For better remove all cardon dioxide we use also biological reactions
by using plant material to consume the carbon dioxide.
We also used active regenerable sorbent beds in order to avoid the resupply problem of
lithium hydroxide. Our system uses a regenerable crystalline zeolite matrix with a very large
surface area. Our designers chose for other areas silver oxide as their method for carbon dioxide
removal. On the station, a series of reusable sorbent beds are used to remove carbon dioxide
which is then vented to space. The air must me cool and dry for maximum efficiency of the system,
and so it receives processed air directly from the temperature and humidity control subsystem.
Lithium hydroxide canisters are also available on the stationas a backup system.
1.3.4.Humidity
Humidity is very important for the physical comfort aboard the station and is linked with
temperature control. To maintain crew comfort, humidity must fall to promote evaporative cooling
during increases in temperature, while higher humidity levels reduce evaporation and facilitate heat
retention at cooler temperatures.
Although absolute temperatures may be very similar in the two environments, the latter is
significantly more uncomfortable due to the high humidity and lack of evaporative cooling. The
environment is usually maintained at about 60% relative humidity (corresponding to approximately
0.2 psi of water vapor pressure).
1.4Presure control
To prevent ebullism, the spontaneous boiling of body tissues is required a minimum
barometric pressure of 0.9 psi (the saturated vapor pressure of water at body temperature)
However, while 0.9 psi is the minimum pressure required to avoid normal body fluids from
coming out of solution, normal physiological functions require a still higher ambient pressure: cabin
pressure must also permit alveolar exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. In addition to the 0.9
psi of water pressure present in the alveoli, there is also 0.7 psi of carbon dioxide, leading to a total
alveolar gas pressure of 1.68 psi. For any gas exchange to occur across the alveolar membrane,
a gradient must exist, so ambient pressure (i.e. pressure within the alveoli) must be greater than
1.68 psi. The altitude corresponding to this pressure level, 50,000 feet, serves as the threshold
beyond which not only supplemental oxygen (i.e. inspiration of 100% oxygen), but also pressure
suits, must be used to permit adequate oxygenation. As barometric pressure continues to rise,

less positive pressure is required to prevent hypoxia, and above 3.46 psi ambient pressure
(corresponding to an altitude of 35,000 feet or below) pure oxygen can be breathed without
positive pressure.
Dalton's Law:
As described by Dalton’s Law, the pressure of a single component in a mixture of gases is just a
fraction of the total pressure. Terrestrially, ambient (“breathing”) air is a mixture of 21% oxygen,
78% nitrogen, 1% argon, and other trace gases.
As a result, at a barometric pressure of 14.7 psi, the partial pressure of oxygen in breathing
air is only 3.1 psi. This is the value for which life support systems aim, through manipulation of
both barometric pressure and gaseous composition. A terrestrial correlate relates to aviation
regulations concerning the use of supplemental oxygen.
Our station make use of a 14.7 psi normal cabin barometric pressure, as this requires the
least adaptation by people living here and avoids confounding of scientific experiments that might
be affected by atmospheric pressures different from the terrestrial standard.
Four high-pressure gas tanks (two for nitrogen, two for oxygen) are located on the exterior
of the joint airlock, and can be either refilled or replaced. The tanks are connected to the station
interior via a system of pipes that, in conjunction with a “pressure control assembly”, monitors the
station pressure, introduces gas(es) into the atmosphere when appropriate, and allows controlled
depressurization as needed.
Ambient pressure is maintained, and atmospheric leakage countered, by periodic injection
of gas. The amount needed is calculated from measurements of total cabin pressure and (in two-
gas systems) the partial pressure of oxygen. If the pressure rises too much, a controlled release
of some of the atmosphere is necessary before the ambient pressure exceeds the structural limits
of the spacecraft. Pressure gradients between or among modules are rectified through pressure
equalization valves between compartments of the station. Both ground control and on-board crew
can control these valves and thus regulate ambient pressure within the spacecraft.

1.5Water and Food
People need water onboard for many reasons. As a minimum, humans need about two
liters of drinking water per day (about 2 kg or 4.4 lb.) to stay alive. We need more liters for food
preparation and re-hydration. Besides this minimal amount of water to maintain life, astronauts
need water for personal hygiene (washing, shaving, etc.), as well as, doing the dishes and washing
clothes. All told, this can add up to more than 20 liters per person per day.
1.5.1.WATER -collecting, management and recovery
Water is precious everywhere on Earth. More so in space where all drinkable water is not
easy to find and it must be transported from home or recycled.
We had at the beginning of our jurney water froom earth that helped a lot in surviving in the
space conditions. After a while we have decided to go on the moon surface and start collecting
from there.
Evidence for surface water came from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) experiment on
Chandrayaan-1. Initially it showed the presence of water on the sunlit side using water/ice spectral
signature (2- 2.5 microns) in the reflected sunlight. Evidence for subsurface water (tens of meters
deep) emerged from the Synthetic Aperture Radars deployed on Lunar mission including those on
Chandrayaan-1 and LRO. The mapping was most intense at the poles, yielding evidence for
subsurface water-ice.
The moon water ice is mined to provide liquid water for drinking and plant propagation. Can also
be split into hydrogen and oxygen by solar panel-equipped electric power stations or a nuclear
generator, providing breathable oxygen as well as the components of rocket fuel. The hydrogen
component of the water ice is used to draw out the oxides in the lunar soil and harvest even more
oxygen for our station.
For all of those problems we need to recycle. We don't rely only on collecting water. We
reuse all that we use .
Using the smart tehnologies , our station has the “ Smarty water Sytem’” that delivers water
to every household and simultaneously conserves the water for future need.
Using this system allows us to
•Reduce water consumption by 45%
•Reduce sewage emission with 45%
•Reduce carbon footprint with 6%
•Reduce energy consumption by 600kWh* (in countries with cooler winter climates/*on basis
of 4-person family), and
•Reduces your water and energy bills
The treatment system combines six technologies: sedimentation, flotation, dissolved air
flotation, foam fractionation, and an aerobic bioreactor. The last one is disinfection using UV light.
We have also installed The Morselt-REDBOX that cleans wastewater with the help of
electroflotation. The water is split by a DC-voltage. Capacity: 3 m3 / hr Water can be discharged
after treatment at sewage.
The resulting oxygen reacts intensively with the existing pollutants in the liquid phase. The
oxidized contaminants form flakes with dissolved iron and aluminum. The formation of these flakes
is carried out in a pH range from 5 to 9. We can add regulating substances-> the pH-regulating
substances can be added before the electroflotation takes place.
Every drop of water you use and any energy used to heat it is tracked digitally. Our smart
system is collecting data which will manifest information regarding the rate of flow, water pressure

and distribution of water across the city. This system supports in forecasting the water consumption
and conserving the water. Furthermore, th smart sensors across the station, the proper handling of
data analytics and a systematic collaborative blueprint help our smart city in meeting the demands
of pure water consumption.
For sustainable water, constructions will have a localised water system. The wastewater will
be treated and delivered for use in drinking, irrigation, and other purposes. The wastewater is
recycled for building use. This recycled water is made available to other neighbouring buildings the
sharable water control system

The water purification machines on the station will cleanse wastewater in a three-step process.
•The first step is a filter that removes particles and debris.
•Water passes through the "multi-filtration beds," which contain substances that remove
organic and inorganic impurities.
•And finally, the "catalytic oxidation reactor" removes volatile organic compounds and kills
bacteria and viruses.
The water recycling system recycles urine and washing water used by the onboard
population to provide again water supply.
•Water is reclaimed from urine using distillation → the process is taking place in a purpose-
built rotating distillation unit that compensates for the station’s absence of gravity, thus
facilitating the separation of liquids and gases in the zero-g environment.
•After the distillation, water is combined with the other wastewater streams and enters the
water processor assembly itself for treatment. Here free gas and solids, such as hair, are
removed from the wastewater before the flow enters a series of filter units.
•Any remaining micro-organisms, organic inclusions or other contaminants are removed by
high-temperature catalysis.
In the toilets we have installed a slight vacuum that pulls urine into a low- pressure chamber,
which forces the water to evaporate. This results in a salty brine and water vapor, which heads off
for decontamination.
All potable water resulting from distillation, filtration and purification processes will be stored
inside the tori under the buildings and recreation areas in order to create an irrigation system made
up of pipes that will provide the required amount of water for the green spaces present inside the
tori, as well as to assign to each person the quantity of water necessary for a proper living.
.
1.5.2.FOOD
To assure our survival the food production, storage and recycling will always be on the top

priority. One person requires approximately "1.8 kilograms of food and packaging per day".
1.5.2.1. Agriculture
We have multiple Vegetable Production Systems, known as SmartyVeggy , that is the big
sister of The Veggie Syste. It is a room garden i and typically holds 100 plants. Each plant grows
in a “pillow” filled with a clay-based growth media and fertilizer. The pillows are important to help
distribute water, nutrients and air in a healthy balance around the roots. Otherwise, the roots would
either drown in water or be engulfed by air because of the way fluids in space tend to form
bubbles.
In the absence of gravity, plants use other environmental factors, such as light, to orient and
guide growth. A bank of light emitting diodes (LEDs) above the plants produces a spectrum of light
suited for the plants’ growth. Since plants reflect a lot of green light and use more red and blue
wavelengths, the Veggie chamber typically glows magenta pink.
We have also the Advanced Plant Habitat (APH) growth chambers on station for plants. It
uses LED lights and a porous clay substrate with controlled release fertilizer to deliver water,
nutrients and oxygen to the plant roots. It is enclosed and automated with cameras and more than
180 sensors that are in constant interactive contact with a team so it doesn’t need much day-to-day
care from the crew. Its water recovery and distribution, atmosphere content, moisture levels and
temperature are all automated. It has more colors of LED lights than Veggie, with red, green, and
blue lights, but also white, far red and even infrared to allow for nighttime imaging.

The sectors dedicated to the development of plants will be located inside the two
spheres, chosen because of the ideal environment with very little gravitational accelera-
tion (g<1 m/s2). This will be useful for accelerating the growth of the plants.
In order to have an organized vegetal layout, we will use a hydroponic system. In comparison
to an earth-based system, this one is 30% more efficient, as it keeps the plants fresh
The irrigation system will be operated by means of a remote control which will have 4
buttons (2 for starting and stopping the system and the other 2 for activating the pumps
containing the nettle solution, respectively the irrigation system that will scatter water
ob-tained by filtration from household use.
With the help of the timer, both pumps will be activated alternatively in order to avoid the
abundance of unwanted liquid, which could damage the plants.
For Irigation we use Drip irrigation System that controlles irrigation – water is slowly
delivered to the root system of multiple plants It is often a method chosen over surface irrigation
because it helps to reduce water evaporation . It delivers water and nutrients directly to the plant’s
roots zone, in the right amounts, at the right time, so each plant gets exactly what it needs, when it
needs it, to grow optimally. Thanks to drip irrigation, farmers can produce higher yields while
saving on water as well as fertilizers, energy and even crop protection products.
Water and nutrients are delivered across the field in pipes called ‘dripperlines’ featuring smaller
units known as ‘drippers’. Each dripper emits drops containing water and fertilizers, resulting in the

uniform application of water and nutrients direct to each plant's root zone, across an entire field.
Why Drip
•Higher consistent quality yields
•water savings: no evaporation, no run off, no waste
•100% land utilization – drip irrigates uniformly in any topography and soil type
•Energy savings: drip irrigation works on low pressure
•Efficient use of fertilizer and crop protection, with no leaching
•Less dependency on weather, greater stability and lower risks
•High availability of water and nutrients
•Doses of water and nutrients tailored to plant’s development needs
•No saturation and good soil aeration
•Avoids high salinity caused by excessive fertilizer application
•No wetting of foliage that can result in fungal diseases

1.5.2.2. Aquaculture
Fish meat is an indispensable source of omega acids (omega-3 and omega-6), which help regulate
the nervous system and can prevent cancer, while sea food and sea weed strengthen heart
functions and stimulate the immune system.
Omega-3 fatty acids provide a number of health benefits. They:
•help maintain cardiovascular health by playing a role in the regulation of blood
clotting and vessel constriction;
•are important for prenatal and postnatal neurological development;
•may reduce tissue inflammation and alleviate the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis;
•may play a beneficial role in cardiac arrhythmia by reducing depression and halting
mental decline in older people.
The omega-3s found in fish (EPA and DHA) appear to provide the health benefits. Fish that are
high in omega-3s, low in environmental contaminants and eco-friendly include:
•wild salmon from Alaska (fresh, frozen and canned),
•Arctic char,
•Atlantic mackerel,
•sardines,
•sablefish,
•anchovies
•farmed rainbow trout and
•albacore tuna from the U.S. and Canada.
Our aquaculture facility includes an improved water circulation system that monitors water
conditions, removing waste while ensuring proper pressure and oxygen flow rates. The system’s
design upgrades are based on lessons learned from previous habitats that flew on space shuttle
missions STS-47, STS-65, and STS-90 . This habitat provide automatic feeding for the fish, air-
water interface, temperature control, and a specimen sampling mechanism. There are be two
chambers for habitation, each sized at 15 by 7 by 7 cm, holding about 700 cc water and a
stabilized area for oxygen that will enable fish to "peck" air. LED lights simulates day and night
cycles, while two video cameras record images of the fish to downlink to the ground, upon request.
We have used this table to choose what kind of fish we grow:

1.5.2.3. Animal grow
We have decided to raise animails with less feed, fuel and water than intensive farming,
reducing costs and pollution.
Nutrition is critical in the fight to save emissions produced by livestock. Good overall nutrition on
the farm boosts the animals’ natural immune systems, helping to keep them at their optimum
health. This helps animals produce more, which enables farmers to meet local demand with fewer
animals, thereby lowering greenhouse gas emiss ions.
Scientists have found that changing the makeup of animal feed can cut the levels of
methane and nitrogen gas produced which contribute to global warming.
For example, a study on cattle feed assessed the impact of different fats on methane
production. Tallow, sunflower oil and whole sunflower seeds were added to the diet of Angus
heifers. Results found each animal produced around 14% less methane when diets contained
tallow or sunflower oil and 33% less methane was emitted when diets contained sunflower seeds.
Offering an effective way for some farms to cut emissions.
Adding food by-products to animal feed, such as sugar beet molasses, has also been
proven to help cut emissions. This is because it relies less on energy intensive grain crops.

Analysing those tables we chosed to raise cows, for stem cells and a large variety of
meat; sheep and goats for dairy products, meat and wool and rabbits because they have a fast
reproduction and the meat has a low cholesterol level, pigs and chickens, for meat,
respectively for eggs and feathers that can be used in the textile industry.
Those will be raise and protected in our zootechnical environment, witch will contain
stables with recycled soil from the moon surface, shelters and special breading facilities for our
animal species.

1.6Waste Management
Humans produce waste in the form of urine, feces, and CO2, simply as a by-product of
living. Collecting and disposing of this waste in an effective and healthy manner is one of the
biggest demands on the life-support. Also recycling to produce value from them is one of our
biggest problems.
Also all the products that the population uses (clothes, different ustensiles, consumables,
etc) must be biodegradable so that every waste become a new value.
We will use 2 systems to reuse all waste
•First is a high-efficiency, thermal oxidation process capable of treating a wide variety of
hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. The reactions takes place at elevated temperatures
and pressures above the critical point of water (Pc= 220.55 bar, Tc=373.976 C). Is ideally
suited for treating waste streams containing high concentrations of water. The processing
systems are fully enclosed and do not produce hazardous air pollutants or Nox.
The inorganic waste is the opposite of the organic waste which means that the res-idues
has no biological origin. The SCWO system can be used without any problems here, but the
method that we will use to recycle and reusing the inorganic matter is based on starved air
combustion (SAC). This process is a “thermal gasification” that uses a very high temperature ( ≅
800° Celsius) under an oxygen supply (lower than at incineration) to decompose the matter. Due to
the large amount of heat released during the process, it can be used to recover energy, the
process being called waste to energy (WtE).
Medical waste incineration involves the burning of wastes produced by hospitals, veterinary
facilities, and medical research facilities. These wastes include both infectious ("red bag") medical
wastes as well as non-infectious, general housekeeping wastes. For the medical waste we use
controlled-air incineration. This technology is also known as starved-air incineration, two-stage
incineration, or modular combustion.