The Great Gatsby On Paper And On Screen Dreaming, Living, Lovingdocx

=== The Great Gatsby on paper and on screen – Dreaming, living, loving ===

UNIVERSITATEA DIN CRAIOVA

FACULTATEA DE LITERE

SPECIALIZAREA ENGLEZA-SPANIOLA

LUCRARE DE LICENTA

Îndrumător științific:

Asist. univ. dr. Georgiana-Elena Dilă

Absolvent:

Savu Cristina Alexandra

CRAIOVA

2016

UNIVERSITATEA DIN CRAIOVA

FACULTATEA DE LITERE

SPECIALIZAREA ENGLEZA-SPANIOLA

THE GREAT GATSBY ON PAPER AND ON SCREEN

–

DREAMING, LIVING, LOVING

(MARELE GATSBY, ROMAN SI FILM

-VIS, TRAIRE, IUBIRE)

CRAIOVA

2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DISCOVERING JAY GATSBY’S WORLD

FITZGERALD’S TECHNIQUES FOR RENDERING WONDERFUL DETAILS IN THE NOVEL

JAY GATSBY’S PRESENTATION IN THE NOVEL – GETTING ACQUAINTED TO THE PROTAGONIST

THE NOVEL’S CHARACTERS AND THEIR LIVES

ROMANCE AND DISSILLUSION

GATSBY AND DAISY IN THE NOVEL VS. GATSBY AND DAISY ON SCREEN

WHO IS TO BLAME FOR THE UNFILLED LOVE STORY?

THE INTERNATIONAL PHENOMENON OF THE GREAT GATSBY

NOVELS INFLUENCED BY FITZGERALD’S MASTERPIECE

“THE GREAT GATSBY” FILM PRODUCTIONS : SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

THE WAY THE NOVEL INFLUENCED THE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY

DISCOVERING JAY GATSBY’S WORLD

The Great Gatsby is the masterpiece of the famous F. Scott Fitzgerald, inspired by Fitzgerald’s relationship with Zelda who became his wife, by the power of money and the decay of the social classes. The novel was written in 1925, the action taking place in 1922. It is a postwar novel and nowadays it is the icon of the American twenties. The characters of the novel are shining, representing the Jazz Age values: love, alcohol and the American dream. Fitzgerald describes very well that period, people being interested in living extravagantly, drinking excessively and wishing for money.

Who returned home from the World War First was greeted on ports, railway stations and threshold of disappointments. The sudden prosperity of the American economy has enriched in a very fast way so many people. It appeared the obsessive idea of fortune and, also appeared a social sinkhole. The prohibition of the alcoholic drinks gave birth to a new ruthless gangster class who was social accepted on the strength of its wealth and its services. A new era of debauchery was starting on the East Coast and the cities were lightening with parties and jazz. This was the context in which Scott Fitzgerald created his characters so well integrated in that period.

But, the only man who does not fit with all these pleasures is Gatsby. He is ‘forced’ to embrace this lifestyle in order to reconquer his lover, Daisy, and this is the beginning of his tragic end. While Scott Fitzgerald was writing the final phrase of the novel : “ So we beat on , boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past” , the humanity was ravaged by the First World War, USA was living on quicksand, being surrounded by poverty and uncertainties. The above phrase from the novel can be seen as a miniature characterization of Jay Gatsby’s world. While everybody was dreaming for a better future, Gatsby, just like the author, was looking through the past. He was irremediable stuck into a romantic past built upon colors and shadows.

The author, who loved the extreme contrasts, put together in an adventurous mode the genius with the alcoholism, the dreams with the fear of failure and the opulence with the urge need of money.

Fitzgerald’s techniques for rendering wonderful details in the novel

F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the most important American writers, succeeding to capture in a perfect view the American 20s. He always wanted to discover the mysteries of the literature. After he finished the novel, he told Charles C. Baldwin that he tried to create a novel different from any of his previous work: “My third novel… is just finished and quite different from the others two in that it is an attempt at form and refrains carefully from trying to hit anything off. Five years ago the new American novels needed comment by the author because they were facing a public that had had very little but trash for a hundred years – that is to say, the expectations were commercial failures. But now that there is an intelligent body of opinion guide by such men as Mencken, Edmund Wilson and Van Wyck Brooks, comment should be unnecessary and the writer, if he has any aspirations toward art, should try to convey the feel of his scenes, places and people directly – as Conrad does, as a few Americans (notably Willa Cather) are trying to do.” (Baldwin, p.167). So, in order to write a masterpiece, a novel which can be read by the young generation, Fitzgerald ignored the other patterns and he had to create a new own, his own writing style: “In the process of abandoning the "slice-of-life" type of novel and developing an aesthetic ideal with "selective delicacy" as a major principle, Fitzgerald had to repudiate his old literary models and attach himself to new.” (Miller, p. 70)

The fact that he was inspired by his own life experiences says that he was not so interested in using writing techniques. But, Miller said that “Fitzgerald was fully aware of Conrad’s theory of use of language to extend meaning and, moreover, that he was probably attempting to follow in his own work Conrad’s high, austere principles.” (Miller, p. 112). Another technique borrowed form Conrad is the chronology changed of the novel. In this way, the story becomes confusing and interesting: the readers are firstly introduced into the past of Gatsby to discover the Gatsby and Daisy’s love story. And, in the last chapter, Nick, the narrator, presents us the childhood of Gatsby.

There are many critics who said that Scott Fitzgerald was influenced by Henry James. T.S. Eliot compared the novel with Henry James’ style because the story is told and seen through the eyes of a spectator, as Henry James did frequently in his works.

Beyond of all comparisons, Fitzgerald had written an authentic novel with wonderful details which gives us a perfect picture of the period. The author wrote about the evolution of a young idealistic businessman who, during a memorable summer, finds out the uncomfortable truths about the relations between reality and dream, between past and present. Francis Scott Fitzgerald illustrated the striving after the American dream with all its illusion and disillusion. Behind the characters of the novel is the hidden face of the land of opportunity after the WWI.

The structure of the novel is complex. There is a central line which leads the action, following the experiences of the narrator, from his coming to Long Island to his leaving back to his natal place, Minnesota.

He chose Nick Carraway to be the narrator of the novel, the story being told on the first person. Nick is the cousin of Daisy, Tom Buchanan’s friend and Gatsby’s neighbor. Being so close with the main characters, Nick is viewed as a reliable personage, and it gives a note of confidence to the novel. The first words of the novel represent the advice his father gave it to him: “In my young and more vulnerable years, my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over in my mind ever since. ‘Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone’, he told me, ‘just remember that all people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.” (Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, p. 3). This advice hints that Nick can be trust, and he does not judge.

Fitzgerald used the first person narration, giving the impression that the storyteller is the writer of the novel. He also used another stylistic device as syntax which makes the novel more mysterious. One more device is synesthesia: the author described some sounds in connection with colors – “yellow cocktail music” (Fitzgerald, p.34); this method creates effect and lets the reader to imagine the extravagant parties of the Jazz Age. The effect of the novel is also create by the juxtaposition: “blue gardens” (Fitzgerald, p.33), “ferocious delicacy” (Fitzgerald, p.57).

One of the greatest artistic skills of Fitzgerald is how he put in contrast different people, places and things. He emphasizes the contrast between two of the main characters of the novel: Jay Gatsby and Tom Buchanan. Tom Buchanan is living on the East Egg and owns “a cheerful red and white Georgian Colonial mansion overlooking the bay” (Fitzgerald, p. 9), while Jay Gatsby is living on the West Egg in a huge grotesque fake palace. Also, the author stressed the conflict between the rich people and the poor people, and the differences between East and West.

The author used frequently symbolism. A great symbol in the novel is the green light which represents the dreams and the hopes, the past and the future of Jay Gatsby. The narrator emphasizes the importance of this symbol, saying: “Gatsby believed in the green , the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter – tomorrow we will run faster, stretch our arms farther…And one fine morning-.” ( Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby p. 115).

The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are another symbol. They have different meaning for each character. For George Wilson these eyes represent the eyes of the God. Also, the way this billboard looks over the Valley of Ashes can be compared with the way in which Gatsby looks for the green light. The Valley of Ashes “represents the gray, dismal environment of the Wilsons, and the life of the dass to which they belong” (Miller, p.106)

The cars from the novel suggest the social class, the power and the wealth: “Fitzgerald has taken his readers to a metaphorical ride in which he first asserts the importance of the automobile in our society and then repeatedly associates the automobile with negative connotations. Throughout The Great Gatsby he carefully constructs the automobile troupe until it culminates in a symbol of death and corruption.” (Lance, p.32-33). The old clock from Nick’s house represents the past and it suggests how Gatsby is trying to repeat it for being again with Daisy.

“Fitzgerald's achievement in The Great Gatsby was, in the Conradian manner, to intensify the impression of direct experience by "treating" it indirectly, and, in the Jamesian manner, to deepen the feeling of objectivity by maintaining steadily the selective view through the window of the house of fiction.” (Miller, 126)

1.2 Jay Gatsby’s presentation in the novel – getting acquainted to the protagonist

“Millionaire Jay Gatsby, host of the most fabulous, legendary parties, that enliven the small community at Long Island, is a mystery, an enigma. Where did he come from? How did he earn his money? Was he a spy? Was it true that, as some believed, he had killed a man?” (Richard, Shephard , F. Scott Fitzgerald, p. 122). These were the words that everyone whispered about Gatsby. On society, he is seems as a mysterious wealthy man who is living in West Egg, in a grotesque palace. There are many rumors about him because nobody knows details about his past.

In the third chapter, Nick speaks about the loneliness of Gatsby, finding out how desolate and hollow is his world. In this chapter, Gatsby appears for the first time. Heretofore, he has been just observed and his gesture has been commented, but he did not have contact with Nick or with the other characters.

In the fourth chapter, the stories that Gatsby tells to Nick have the purpose to win his respect and his trust.

Once we read the novel, the truth about Gatsby starts to be developed. Nick Carraway, the storyteller, presents us the real Gatsby. His name is not Jay Gatsby, but James Gatz. He is the son of a poor farm family from North Dakota. He denies his origins, and becomes the disciple of Dan Cody. This is the moment when he changes his name in Jay Gatsby.

While he was training for war, he fell in love with a rich girl from the upper-class, Daisy, who promised she would be waiting for him. During the war, Gatsby found from a letter that she got married with a wealthy man, Tom Buchanan. He is devastated by this news, so his purpose becomes the conquered of Daisy. He gets rich by taking advantages of the prohibition of alcohol, and buys a huge palace in the West Egg. After the war, when money became so important, it was hard for a man like Gatsby to triumph on his own powers. A rich life, would give him the status that he always wished for: a wealthy respectable man loved by Daisy.

Despite of all the unlawful actions, Jay Gatsby is still viewed by Nick as a good person because he is a human being capable of feeling pain. He is a romantic man who does not want to accept that the past never comes back. He is different than the others because he has the power to have a dream: winning Daisy. In the first chapter of the novel, Nick Carraway describes him as the best man he has found in his entire life: “If personality is an unbroken series of successful gesture, then there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises of those intricate machines that register earthquakes ten thousand miles away. This responsiveness had nothing to do with that flabby impressionability which is dignified under the name of the ‘creative temperament’ – it was an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person and which it is not likely I shall ever find again.” (Fitzgerald, p.6)

Unlike the antagonist of the novel, Tom Buchanan, Gatsby is an intelligent man, who works, being always occupied because of his business. He is responsible and loyal; his only love remains Daisy.

Indeed, he is not that great as the title suggests, but what makes him great is the fact that, in an immoral world where having a dream is like “rowing a boat against the current” (Fitzgerald, p. 193), he succeeds to hope until the last moment.

The novel’s characters and their lives

Nick Carraway is one of the main characters and the storyteller of the novel, he observes and comments the events, being less active in the action.

He is a young well-bred man from Minnesota who comes to New York to learn the bond business. He knows all the circumstances of the novel, being the neighbor of Gatsby and the cousin of Daisy. Nick loves and, in the same time, he hates New York. He’s amazed by the accelerate lifestyle, but he’s abhorred by the cultural values which predominate in New York. This feeling is better symbolized by his affair with Jordan Baker: he is fascinated by her energy, but he disapproves her dishonesty. In the end of the novel, he returns to his simply life from Minnesota, acting like he want to repeat the past.

The series of finding that he has made about the social and economic world to which he has dreamed to make part of, and the fact that he has crossed the country to explore this world, all these facts have made him to relinquish to his innocence instead of despair. He was not devastated by these experiences , but he was woke up to an awareness of the fundamental human realities. As a result of all the events occurred, Nick realizes that past is an illusion, becoming the most conscientious character of the novel.

Daisy Fay Buchanan is the distant cousin of Nick. She is married with the wealthy Tom Buchanan, living a luxury life. She’s described as a very beautiful woman, with white skin, representing the upper class. She is viewed through the eyes of two men: Nick Carraway and Jay Gatsby. For Gatsby, she is the epitome of beauty with “the voice full of money” (Fitzgerald, p.128). But, Nick sees her as a careless woman, bored by her marriage. She’s indifferent to everything, even to her little daughter.

We don’t have access to her feelings and thoughts. At a moment, while she’s surrounded by the expensive Gatsby’s shirts, she starts crying. This scene suggests that she is superficial. Her real feelings and values are confirmed in Chapter 7 when she prefers Tom instead of Gatsby, and decides to run away while Gatsby is dead and blamed for killing Myrtle Wilson. “They were careless people, Tom and Daisy- they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money and their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made” (Fitzgerald, p. 191).

Tom Buchanan is a very rich man, making part of the higher social class. He is Daisy’s husband. His wealth is so immense that he has not to work. He just plays sport, drinks alcohol and makes sex with his mistress. He is an aggressive man, frequently reminding his physical abilities: “throughout the novel , Buchanan is described as a massive body directed by a simple mind.” (Harold Bloom, p.55). Tom is a racist man. While he takes the dinner, he’s saying that “the idea is if we don’t look out the white race will be – will be utterly submerged” (Fitzgerald, p.16). Also, during the dispute with Gatsby, Tom Buchanan speaks about the degradation of the social classes using “ intermarriage between black and white” (Fitzgerald,p.138). He is an arrogant person, thinking that money give him power, superiority, and happiness.

Jordan Baker is a golf champion, being friend with Daisy. She is a superficial and careless woman. Her presence in the novel is very useful, Fitzgerald technically using her. She tells Nick about the love story between Gatsby and Daisy. This is the only part of the novel when the events are not related by Nick Carraway. Also, she introduces Nick to Gatsby.

Myrtle Wilson is the wife of George Wilson and the mistress of Tom Buchanan. She is not very beautiful and not very smart, too. She makes part of the lower class and is wishing for a dominant rich man, like Tom. She denies his origins, and tries, as Gatsby does, to reinvent her. This is why she’s leaving her passive husband, but is accidentally killed by Daisy.

George Wilson is the owner of a ruined auto-shop and the husband of Myrtle. He is a faithful man, talking about God frequently. He adores his wife, so he’s destroyed when she is killed. He can be compared with Gatsby from the perspective of the unfulfilled love.

Mr. Wolfshiem is an enigmatic businessman and co-worker of Gatsby. Though that the narrator does not explain what is his occupation and what is the nature of the relation between him and Gatsby, there are convincing rumors about something illegal. In the last chapter, Wolfshiem is apprehensive about the proposal to meet Nick, this fact suggesting a strong instinct of self-preservation. He refuses to come to Gatsby’s funeral, saying that after death, a friendship with a man should be forget. This shows that for him loyalty is an ephemeral concept.

Mr. Klipspringer becomes known as “the boarder” because of his custom to stay in the house of Gatsby. The presence in the novel of this character is important, being expressed in the chapter IX when, even if Gatsby is dead and Nick prepares his funeral, Klipspringer proves to be superficial as much as the others, being more interested by a pair of shoes than the death of his friend.

The man from the library is amazed that the books from the library are real.

Romance and disillusion

The Great Gatsby is a romantic drama which shows the trajectory of a hero –Gatsby- in the context of the rampant age of the postwar America. In an epoch of superficiality, Gatsby is the only romantic dreamer.

“And as I sat there brooding on the old, unknown world, I thought of Gatsby’s wonder when he first picked out the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock. He had come a long way to this blue lawn and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, somewhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter—tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther…. And one fine morning——

So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.” (Fitzgerald, p.193)

This last paragraph of the novel, which was so many times analysed, gives a note of nostalgia, and shows that romance was the defining element of the book. The green light which surrounds the deception of Jay Gatsby, spreads the dazzling and ephemeral sparkle of a disillusion, be it the ambitious American dream, the extravagance of luxury, the exuberance of glory, the naivety of an absolutely love, or the dream to the lost love.

The futureless young man James Gatz becomes the millionaire without past – Jay Gatsby. The Great Jay Gatsby proves to be an incurable romantic, a simpleton who believes that the love of a woman whose voice is “full of money” (Fitzgerald, p.128) can be bought with richness and fame, ignoring the incompatibility between the public notoriety and the private life. He takes the risk to isolate himself in a false world which brings together desolate people who enjoy money, parties, and alcohol.

The life of Gatsby is doomed to end in a tragic way. The hero fastens on an illusion: he really thinks that he can repeat the love story with Daisy.

2.1. Gatsby and Daisy in the novel vs. Gatsby and Daisy on screen

The novel of Fitzgerald was screened many times. It was hard for the film directors and for the actors to reproduce, to translate it. The book is easy to read, and also is a pleasure because of its amazing visual phrases. Being tragic and spectacular, this novel is not about movies, but it is itself like a movie.

In the novel, Gatsby is not the central character, but on screen he becomes more important and present. On screen, the feeling of melancholy, of sadness, which predominates in the novel, is vanished. In the films, everything is so superficial and farcical that is hard to empathy the characters. Fitzgerald created a naive young man who loves his former love. In order to reconquer her, he becomes a bootlegger. But, his feelings and his dream remain. On screen, is presented a Gatsby more immoral, his charm being a little shadowy.

In the book, Daisy appears like an enigmatic character, fact that suggests Gatsby loves an idealized woman. On screen the ambiguity is hard to be reproduced, this is why Daisy becomes more sentimentalized on screen than in the novel, the enigmatic effect of Fitzgerald disappearing. She turns into a sympathetic character.

2.2. Who is to blame for the unfilled love story?

After reading the book, remain the questions: Who is to blame for the unfilled love story? Has Daisy loved Gatsby? What represented Daisy for Gatsby?

(…)

Gatsby not only wants to be again with Daisy, but he wants to repeat the past, and to forget all these five years of loneliness. He is obsessed with the idea of having her again. Since the beginning, he is doomed to failure, his only escape being death. The future to which Gatsby dreams is an artificial one, he actually wants to live the past in the future. But, obvious, this is not possible because of the poor human condition. Nobody is capable of repeat the past, not even the great Gatsby.

Both of them, (Gatsby and Daisy) are enigmatic characters, but it is clear that Gatsby loves her. Instead, it is unknown the fact that Daisy loves him, too. Her feelings are not transparent. The readers tend to see the love between Gatsby and Daisy as a sample of splendid romance. But, it shouldn’t be neglected some important thing. Beyond the fact that Daisy does not love Gatsby as much as he loves her, the relationship between them illustrates the corrupted nature of the American dream, the decay and the madness of an entire generation. Daisy could have Gatsby a long time ago, but she chose the luxury and comfortable life near her wealth husband, Tom Buchanan. She is a superficial woman, bored by his life: “What'll we do with ourselves this afternoon?" cried Daisy, "and the day after that, and the next thirty years?” (Fitzgerald, p.126) She is not capable of a pure love even her relationship with her daughter is superficial. She did not know the real love, being blinded by money. She is just the typical rich woman of the American twenties.

For her, Gatsby represents a romantic period from her life. She is not in love anymore with Gatsby. She is disappointed by her marriage, by the extramarital relations of her husband, so she just relives some exciting moments with her former love. She is amazed by Gatsby’s wealth, but for her is also important the social class to which they belong.

So, Gatsby is in love with an illusion. Nothing was concrete. The woman he loves is different from what he thinks. Even Gatsby was unreal, his real name being another one, his origins are denied, his past is uncertain. But, despite of all difficulties, he continued to fight for her.

CHAPTER 3

THE INTERNATIONAL PHENOMENON OF THE GREAT GATSBY

3.1 Novels influenced by Fitzgerald’s masterpiece

“The Great Gatsby” films productions: similarities and differences

The genius mind of Scott Fitzgerald, full of imagination, has challenged many film producers to give life to his best novel: The Great Gatsby.

The novel was screened for the first time in 1926, directed by Herbert Brenon. The character Jay Gatsby was interpreted by Warner Baxter, Daisy Buchanan by Lois Wilson, Nick Caraway by Neil Hamilton, Tom Buchanan by Hale Harrington. This first film was a silent version, black and white color, being faithful to the novel. In 80 minutes, Herbert Brenon described the American twenties; the clothes, the parties, the drinks are important details which give a grand visual impact. It has received many reviews, but unfortunately people considered to be an uninteresting film. Nowadays, this version is considered to be lost.

The second film appeared in 1949, being directed by Elliott Nugent. Alan Ladd stars Gatsby, Betty Field was Daisy Buchanan, Macdonald Carey interpreted Nick Carraway. This version was considered not so easy to see, being more like a puzzle. The pace is quick. Unlike the previous version, now appear many characters of the novel like Dan Cody (Henry Hull), Klipspringer (Elisha Cook Jr.) There were some different scenes than in the novel. The action of the film takes place in 1928, not in 1922, opening with Jay Gatsby who is searching for a house in West Egg. Gatsby is presented more like a gangster, not like a naïve lovelorn who Fitzgerald described him, his past being relieved from the beginning.

In 1974 Jack Clayton directed the third film adaptation of the novel in which starred Robert Redford as Jay Gatsby, Mia Farrow as Daisy Buchanan, Sam Waterson –Nick Carraway, Bruce Dern – Tom Buchanan.

This film is more faithful to the novel than the previous two. Nick Carraway is the voice-over of the film. The pace is slow and the scenes are more dramatic. The background music is sad, describing the mood of Gatsby. Jack Clayton did not succeed to transpose on screen the American twenties period. He did not emphasize the symbols that Fitzgerald had put in his novel, like the clock from Nick’s house which here appears just for a few moments. Even if the budget of the film was big, about six millions dollars, it was considered a failure.

Twenty six years later, Robert Markowitz made a TV adaptation film. Jay Gatsby was interpreted by Toby Stephen, Daisy by Mira Sorvino, Nick Carraway by Paul Rudd. As the 1974 version, this one is faithful to the novel too. Unfortunately, Toby Stephen did not illustrate an original Gatsby full of great personal charm.

In 2013, Buzz Luhrmann directed the newest version of the novel. Leonardo DiCaprio starred as Jay Gatsby, Carey Mulligan as Daisy Buchanan, Tobey Maguire interpreted Nick Carraway. B. Luhrmann succeeded to reproduce the American twenties period, the film contains amazing and surprising details. The costumes, the big city, the extravagant houses, all of these represent symbols which give us a perfect picture of Gatsby’s world.

The film is faithful to the novel, the background music is happy, emphasizing the short harmony between Gatsby and Daisy. Unlike Jack Clayton, Luhrmann gave a more importance to the small details.. He highlighted the presence of the clock from Nick’s house which represents the struggle of Gatsby with time. There is a concrete scene which appears in both versions (1974 and 2013): the scene from the afternoon tea, on Nick’s house, when Gatsby finally meets Daisy. In the 1974 version, the house of Nick is big, spacious. Instead, Luhrmann chose a smaller house in order to highlight the social differences between Gatsby and Nick. Another difference is represented by the cloths of Nick. In the Clayton version, he wears a suit, suggesting that he is wakeful. But, in the latest film, he is dressed in casual clothes, representing the fact that he feels comfortable in their presence. In the both versions is symbolized the wish of Gatsby to impress Daisy, the house of Nick being full of flowers.

Luhrmann’s film has received mixed reviews, but overall it is seen as the best film adaptation of the novel.

The way the novel influenced the international industry

Conclusions