The fundamental aspects of the touristic destintion [605764]

The fundamental aspects of the touristic destintion
The touristic destination represents the place , or the geographical area where a tourist or a
visitor stops for a night of accomodation, a period of time or termination poi nt of the
holidays, regardless of whethe r they are traveling in tourist or business purpose.
The destination is the link that unites and maintain all the sectors of the torusitic indust ry,
respectively transport, accomodation, food and recreation, being the complex and specific
elements of tourism.
Within the meaning of classic by tourist destination it can be a country, a region within a
country, a city, a village or a resort.
Some of the main types of tourist destinations are:
– The classic destinations. They have generally cities that have a rich cultural, architectural
and historic heritage, very suitable for spending the holidays or for a longer visit .
– Natural destinations. The tourists come here to admire the scenery or to make contact with
the natur e
– Destinations for business touris m
– Destinations for short stay. They have generally smaller towns where there has the
objectives of the patrimony that ma ke them attractiv e 1

In order to be considered a destination, like the grape must have a touristic potential properly
and at the same time, to fulfill the requirements relating to the infrastructure, goods and
services complementary, what can increase the attractiveness, the d estinations to be different
and causing the target markets toward which must make the attention of tourism companies .
Depending on the options of tourists and the expectation s of spending the holidays, in the
case of touristic destinations are pursued a series of determinant s. Infrastructure and the
services offered representing one of these items. Another element is the degree of culture and
geographical location of a zone, as well as its inhabitants, traditions, lifestyle and social
relationships.

1 Rotariu Ilie, Dezvoltarea destinatiei turistice, 2008

A first reaction comes from the customer wich after a year of work he is convinced that he
deserves a good holiday. They work hard, and when it comes to the holidays , they have
become more demanding, whereas the offer has become more sophisticated. The
consequence is that when the tourist get to the destination his first question is : “ why am I
here? “. Modern tourist want s to have experience, it doesn ’t want be the object of a tourist ic
tour, a source of revenue , it wants to participate, to live otherwise than is condemned by the
daily routine .2

The advertising, also represents a key element in the presentation and the placing on the
market of tourist destinations. Through the prism of advertising shall form an image in the
mind of the tourist s about the product. What happens is that, sometimes, this image may
differ from the real one, which often leads to a failure of tourism activity .
On the tourism market there is a gre at competition between tourist destinations to attract as
many tourists. It can be seen clearly , the increase of the marketing activities, stimulated by
the authori ties and tourism companies, which is aimed at building and strengthening of an
image as more favorable to the destination of tourists. Their image depend to a large ex tent
and personal experience of the consumers , history, the means of mass media, but the most
important thing seems to be the way in which the promotional offer meet the expectations
and needs of the created.

Touristic resources
Unlike attractions, considered to be, in general, the single units, places or geographical areas
of small business and easy -to-delimited, based on a single distinctive feature, tourist
destinations are larger areas, which include a number of individual attractions, as well as the
services offered to tourists .
Between attractions and destinations there is obviously a strong link: typically the existence
of a major attractions stimulating the development of treatments, regardless of whether the

2 Rafailova G. – Sustainable development of a tourist destination through contribution to the integration into
international organizations and to global values – Conferința ATLAS -Visions of sustenability –Estoril 2003

attraction is a beach, a theme park or an amusement park. With the development of
destination are born other attractions secondary, designed to exploit as well as the market.
Around certain attractions develops many tourist services and facilities (units of
accommodation, food, transport systems, services, support and information for tourists, etc.).
A series of tourist activities that use the attrac tions on a real " raw ", which depend on. For
example, the sun baths depend on the existence of a beaches and nautical sports practicing
depends on the existence of databases ports or leisure, etc.
The attractions can be classified into two broad categories: the main and secondary. The main
attractions are, in general, tho se which are the main reason for undertaking a journey, they
constituting a resource vital to carrying out an activity preferred places where tourists (or
visitors) they spend most of the time of the holidays. Unlike the main attractions, the
secondary, ar e, as a rule, those places visited on their way to or from the main attractions,
their role being to interrupt a longer journey times to make a change (a variation)during a
journey. If a beach may represent a typical example of the main attraction, as well as an
amusement park, and a restaurant – accomodation times a center of craft s
To increase revenues from visitors or tourists, in the area of the main attractions are
developed a range of services designed t o induce visi tors to not be tempted by other
secondary attractions, located in other places.
The area on which it is possible to exercise the attraction may be restricted, local, regional
may be, attracting visitors from a whole or part of a country may be national or even
international. There are quite a few highlights of which have areas of influence with national
and international influence are fewer (such as the Pyramids in Egypt, the Grand
Canyon, Niagara Falls, the amusement park Disne y Wo rld or events such as the Olympic
Games) .
The attractions can cause the appearance of destinations and tourist services, through the
construction of structures of to urist re ception around the attraction . Is highly suggestive, in
this perspective , that the comparison withstood with a grain of s and around which increases
the pearl, which symbolizes a tourism destination.

The impact of the touristic destination development on the community
There are 3 main types : the eco nomic impact, the impact on the environment and the socio –
cultural impact.
 The economic impact can be both positive and negative ;
The attractions, in general, may bring significant revenues to the state budget, in the
form of taxes and duties paid by operators who are serving around these attractions,
even if they are not levied for vis iting the attractions, or these taxes are insignificant
toward the expenditure is alleged by the construction and maintenance of the
attractions of the type built by man .
Also, the attractions creates jobs, both directly as well as indirectly, especially withi n
the framework of firms providing services to visitors. The lasting multiplier effect of
the expenditure made by visitors may be particularly important for the local economy.
But there are also negative aspects related to the fact that the administration and
management of some attractions are very expensive, a significant part of central
government expendi ture returning. Also, the places of employment in the framework
of attractions such as museums or even of the parks agreement are relative low paid,
in particular in the case of the parks agreement which requires a contribution of
capital -intensive .3
 The i mpact on the environment, unlike the ec onomic impac t of the attractions it is
considered that it is rather negative. The impact will vary depending on the nature o f
the attractions . Thus, in the case of natural attractions and those built by man, which
were not originally a tourist destination, the problem is even on the impact of the
visitors withstood. In the case of man constructed with the purpose of tourism, as well
as for the hosting of special events the negative impact on the environment
mate rializes in t he destruction, by the visitors of vegetation, in the destru ction,
accidental or deliberate of wild life and deterioration of habitats, in the reallocation of
archaeological sites or natural constituents of the geological grafitti and erosion, as
well as in the reallocatio n.

3 François Vallas, Lionel Becherel, The International Marketing of Travel and Tourism, A Strategic Aprouch ,1999

On the other hand, the revenue from tourism can help to preserve the natural
environment, and one of the major objectives of managers sights built by man should
be to find the best formula f or the management of the attractions concerned, so as to
reduce the negative impact of visitors on withstood itself .4
 The impact of the sociocultural attractions , also depends on t he type of them . Thus, in
the case of natural attractions and the objectives built by man without having a initial
tourist ic purpose, the negative impact refers to the fact that a large number of visitors
may affect the atmosphere and can create the sensation of a small space, but, on the
other hand, the use of natural attractions for recreational purposes improves the health
status of the visitors, leading to the " recharging batteries for the inhabitants of areas
less attractive or which have a service drone and stress .
In the perspective o f attractions built for the purpose of tourism and events design ed
to encourage the development of tourism, it is a matter of the impact of attractions and
visitors on the local community and even on national culture. The emerge nce of new
attractions will be perceived as a positive element, which increases the number of
leisure opportunities for the local community, but, when the new attractions are
perceived as inaccessible inhabitants can be born a resentment from the loca ls to the
visitors. The impact of sociocultural negative or positive impact on the area is given
by the degree to which the locals are enjoy ing the benefits felt by them, such as the
employment newly created or visitor expenditure .
The env ironment in witch the destination develops
The characteristics of the environment will affect the size of the destination to which
tourism can actually be driven for promoting the development. The Size (size) is an important
factor, since the term "destination" shall apply to a wide range of sizes from a whole country
or even continent) and up to a tourist attraction of individually .5
Other conditions that are important for t he development of a destination are represented by
the exi stenc e of the supplies needed for tourists in the area , as well as human resources,
without the need to be introduced from other areas, or even to be important. A good supply,

4 François Vallas, Lionel Becherel, The International Marketing of Travel and Tourism, A Strategic Aprouch ,1999
5 Davidson, R., Maitland, R., Tourism Destination s, Holder and Stoughto n, Londra, 199 7

at local level, with these resources will improve the potential that the tourism industry to have
a positive impact on the development of the area .
Human r esources covers a wide variety of aspects, the availability of skilled workers who are
employed in various occupations in the field of tourism, the ability to f ind, at the local level,
account managers, and even the middle -of-the-art for units of accommodation, food, leisure,
etc., in the tourist resort in question. Human resources in a destination may include the
attitude of the hosts, the premises of tourism de velopment and to what extent they are able to
take part in the development process .
A community that supports the tourism is more willing to accept the development of this
industry, with all changes that will occur as a result of it. The presence of touri sm in a
community can bring a variety of social impacts. The manner in which these impacts are
handled by the local administration and by the government will be determined, in large part,
to the fact that tourism is a positive or negative force in the deve lopment process .
An important factor faced by many destinations is represent ed by seasonality . Management
strategies designed to determine the extension of the season, such as those relating to the
diversification of products, marketing campaigns, have been use d successfully in many
situations, but it should be noted that, due to the uniqueness of several destinations, tourist
management strategies that have been shown to be suitable for the destination, do not work
and for others .
Anothe r important as pect represents the life cy cle of the tourist destination. Like any product,
a destination through certain stages of its evolution. Managers must id entify at what stage of
the life -cycle is their product, meaning the tourist destination that they lead. Its life cycle will
vary from case to case, and will depend on several factors: accessibility, the rate of
development, government and regional policies, the tren d of the market, as well as of the
destinations with which are in competitio n.6
There are numerous cas es in which some tourist destinations, at stages of their development,
reach the accommodation capacity in excess of the number of local population. In such cases,
the organization and supervision of activity in the resort can be taken over by companies
from other areas (or even countries), and these companies may have other priorities than the

6 Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Gilbert, D., Wanhill, S., Shepherd, R., Tourism Principles an Practice ( 2nd edition), Ed.
Addison -Wesley, Langman, Londra, 199 8

local community. If the local decision factors will prove weak, may work between the
leadership of the resort and the local administration some divergences and organizations of
regional and national planning will ha ve to interven e for the harmonization of those divergent
position s.7

7 Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Gilbert, D., Wanhill, S., Shepherd, R., Tourism Principles an Practice ( 2nd edition), Ed.
Addison -Wesley, Langman, Londra, 1 998