THE BUCHAREST UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMIC STUDIES [631810]

THE BUCHAREST UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMIC STUDIES
FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES
MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

SMART STREET LIGHTING IN BUCHAREST

Alolabi KOSI Bîcleșanu ISABELLE Durleșteanu ȘTEFAN
Gramă MĂDĂLINA Mitru RĂZVAN Pîrvănescu FRANCESCA
Ștorobăneanu EVELINA Truncu ALEXANDRU Vlasie MĂDĂLINA

2019

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BÎCLEȘANU ISABELLE
Bucharest, Romania
EDUCATION INTERESTS
Master in BUSINESS ADMIN. – ASE
Bachelor in MANAGEMENT – ASE Organizing, Design, Computers, Travel,
Science, Dancing, Mother Earth etc.
Contribution :
 Designing the layout for the document and presentation;
 Organizing and coordinating the team; Putting all parts together, without changes;
 Working on sections : I.1 – why? ; I.2 – Oslo ; II.2 – bioluminescence
 Making the presentation slides for the title page, chapter pages, and my sections

ALOLABI KOSI
Damascus, Syria
EDUCATION INTERESTS
 Master’s in international arbitration
University of Bucharest
 Law School University of Damascus
 I enjoy communicating With Various
Personalities.
 Coordinating small group of people
 Working to improve to presentation skills
 I must increase my cooking expertise 😊,
High urgent
Contribution :
I.2.1 – Shanghai ; I.3.3.a – Founding sources ; I.3.3.b – Average cost per km ;
I.3.3.c – Expected revenue ; I.3.4.a – Expected results ; doing my .ppt slides
DURLEȘTEANU ȘTEFAN
Bucharest, Romania
EDUCATION INTERESTS
Master of Business Administration, ASE
Bachelor of Marketing, ASE Swimming, computer games,
traveling.
Contribution :
I.1. – what? // I.2 – Moscow // I.3.2.a,b,c – Marketing // doing my .ppt slides
Coming up with the project idea

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GRAMĂ MĂDĂLINA
Bucharest, Romania
EDUCATION INTERESTS
Master of Business Administration, ASE
Master of Marketing Management, ASE
Bachelor of Marketing, ASE Swimming, playing piano, spending
time with family and friends.
Contribution : I.2 – Astana // I.3.2.a,b,c – Marketing // doing my .ppt slides

MITRU RĂZVAN
Bîlteni, Romania
EDUCATION INTERESTS
Master of Business Administration, ASE
Faculty of economics and business
administration, University of Craiova Travelling, Working hard to achieve my
goals, Constant personal development,
Hiking
Contribution : I.2 – Munich / / I.3.3.c – Expected revenue // I.3.4.a Expected results
// II.2. – Transport optimization solutions // doing my .ppt slides // printing the
contributions list for the exam

PÎRVĂNESCU FRANCESCA
Craiova, Romania
EDUCATION INTERESTS
Master of Business Administration, ASE
Bachelor in English (Major) and German
(Minor) Language and Literature Studies singing, playing the piano & the guitar,
foreign literatures, sports, develop time-
management and more pragmatic skills
Contribution : I.2 – Amsterdam // I.3.1 – General information // I.3.4 –
Implementation steps for Bucharest // II.1 – Project conclusions // doing my .ppt slides

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ȘTOROBĂNEANU RALUCA-EVELINA
Giurgiu, Romania
EDUCATION INTERESTS
Master of Business Administration,ASE
Bachelor of International Business and
Economics, ASE Travelling, Work performance,
Evolution, Ambition, Communication,
Sports, Music, Art.
Contribution: I.2 – Gothenburg // I.3.1 – General information // II.1 – Project
conclusions // doing my .ppt slides

TRUNCU ALEXANDRU
Alexandria, Romania
EDUCATION INTERESTS
Master of Business Administration, ASE
Bachelor of Philology Faculty of Foreign
languages Unibuc Music, Films and TV Series, Sports

Contribution : I.2 – Cluj // I.3.3.a –Founding sources // I.3.3.b–Average cost per km
// I.3.4 Implementation steps for Bucharest // doing my .ppt slides

VLASIE MĂDĂLINA
Bacău, Romania
EDUCATION INTERESTS
Master of Business Administration, ASE
Master of Project Management, SNSPA
Bachelor of Business Administration, ASE positive thinking, traveling, reading,
art, volunteering, accounting,
strategic management
Contribution : I.1 – how? // I.2 – Los Angeles // II.2 – Environmental noise
monitoring // some voluntary preliminary arrangement of the shared team member parts
// doing my .ppt slides

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER PG. CONTRIBUTORS
I. SMART CITY LIGHTS 6
I.1. CONCEPT 6 Isabelle – why;
Ștefan – what;
Mădălina V – how.
I.2. IDEA REVIEW 7
I.2.1. Best practices 7 Kosi – Shanghai
Isabelle – Oslo
Ștefan – Moscow
Mădălina G – Astana
Răzvan – Munich
Francesca – Amsterdam
Evelina – Gothenburg
Alexandru – Cluj-Napoca
Mădălina V– Los Angeles
I.2.2. Guide of best practices 11 Each team member
completed his/her line
I.3. SMART CITY LIGHTING IN BUCHAREST 13
I.3.1. General information 13 Evelina, Francesca
I.3.2. Marketing 14
I.3.2.a. Products and services 14 Ștefan, Mădălina G.
I.3.2.b. Main competitors 14 Ștefan, Mădălina G.
I.3.2.c. Promotional methods 15 Ștefan, Mădălina G.
I.3.3. Finances 15
I.3.3.a. Funding sources 15 Kosi, Alexandru
I.3.3.b. Average cost per km 16 Kosi, Alexandru
I.3.3.c. Expected revenue 18 Răzvan, Kosi
I.3.4. Implementation steps for Bucharest 19 Francesca, Alexandru
I.3.4.a. Expected results 20 Răzvan, Kosi
II. CONCLUSIONS 21
II.1. Project conclusions 21 Evelina, Francesca
II.2. Future trends 22 Isabelle–bioluminescence
Mădălina V.– noise reduc.
Răzvan – transport optim.
III. REFERENCES 24

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I. SMART CITY LIGHTS
I.1. CONCEPT
WHY?
Since the times of the link-boys and candle light , there was always a need for providing
night safety for the population. Now our concern should be oriented towards the shaping of
smart cities by improving our energy efficiency, connectivity and level of light pollution.
The European Commission has already expressed its support in installing smart light
technologies across EU by 2025 (ref.43) and, according to Eurostat, Romania is using
around a third of its general government expenditure on housing and community amenities
on street lighting (annex1 & ref.44). Cities like Brașov or Alba Iulia made some improvements,
but why not let there be smart light in Bucharest?
WHAT?
What are the main objectives?

 Reduce energy consumption
by 60%
 Get Bucharest in top 50 smart
cities worldwide
 Focus on LED and IoT
technology
 Enhance life standards and
attract new investments

HOW?
How are we going to achieve each
objective?

 Use motion sensors to decrease
energy consumption
 Change conventional lights
with LED ones
 Use IoT technology for energy
cost reduction
 Improve the quality of life by
increasing the safety of the
citizens and decrease the crime
rates
Methodology
 the study of specialized
literature focused on smart
cities and green energy
 critical analysis of the most
relevant technologies in the
field of smart lighting
 comparative analysis of
companies working with smart
lighting technology

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I.2. IDEA REVIEW
I.2.1. Best practices
Intelligent street lamps Shanghai ( Down Town )
Alolabi Kosi
 50 Intelligent streets lamp they can offer WiFi connection and charging for electric vehicles was
installed in Shanghai (Down Town) using solar panels to generate power locally, the highly efficient
solar panels generate energy wherever there sun light, according to project manager a single street
lamp can provide WiFi for the whole street
 Each street lamp fitted with touch screens and surveillance cameras , where users can press the call
baton of the lamp to connect a call center and ask for help in emergency cases.
 electric vehicles drivers can use the lamp to recharge their vehicles during park time, paying 1.5 $ for
two hours of charging using electricity extracted by solar panels
 Positive impact:
 decrsed in Energy consumption .
 redued in enrgy cost and operation cost.
 Providing street walkers with a free WiFi.
 Providing street walkers with call centers for emergency cases.
 electric vehicles drivers can charge their vehicles with cheep cost .
Best practice the fascination points in Intelligent streets lamps Shanghai (Down Town) project is
using the power extracted by solar panels for several features and encouring users to cunsuming clean
energy Eco friendly.

– Isabelle –
Norway’s regions are ranked as “leader” and “strong” performance groups in Europe regarding
regional innovation performance , demonstrating sustained efforts toward innovation, lifelong learning,
R&D expenditure in the public sector, innovative SMEs and their collaborations etc. – according to the European
Commission (ref 45 & annex2).
Oslo wanted to improve its public area safety, be more energy efficient, limit obtrusive lighting and
maintain a refined look. Thus, it has implemented a smart street lighting solution , connected to the existing
power supply and mobile telephone data network. The system monitors, controls, and dims the bulbs based on
traffic, weather, and available light. It also took into consideration the uniformity on wet roads
and threshold increment glare (ref 46, 47, 48, 49).
Oslo has gone further, by installing another smart street light system on a road just outside the capital
and Hole. This solution is based on motion sensors that brighten up the bulbs from 20% to 100% when cars and
pedestrians pass by (ref 50, 51).
Moreover, Oslo is starting this year the construction of the Oslo Airport City , a city that aims to
not only be entirely powered by green energy, but also be energy positive. It will have good transport
connectivity, smart lighting, waste and security management, hotel, offices, commerce, recreation facilities,
and so on. The project is expected to be finalized in 30 years (ref 52, 53 & annex3).

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Moscow (Stefan Durlesteanu)
Moscow is a big city with more than 480 000 city lights. This are serviced by United Energy Company
(UEC) of Moscow. There are 2 quite interesting project initiated in the capital of Russia:
– Couple of highways from Moscow will be upgraded by introducing remote controlled lights, that
means about 49 000 (more than 10% of total) that will also be switched to LED technology. As for
now, all city lights have a standard schedule and are switched on/off automatically. Remote control
of city lights is a reducing energy consumption tool as well as a security tool. For instance, if bad
weather conditions will reduce natural light, on operator can switch on the city lights.
Even though LED technology is reducing energy consumption, UEC is not willing to go totally
“Green”. An investment of 11 million roubles is too big, they say, and they will prioritise based on
several criteria.
– Another project is called “My street” is targeting new neighbourhoods, but UEC aim to extend this
project in future. This project involves a new type of lamp posts (folding posts), that helps to reduce
complexity of city lights servicing and maintenances. This are also remote controlled, and they have
a special unit (IoT sensors), that helps to control brightness and to monitor the status of lights.
As a bonus to this, they started to “clear the sky”, all cables are now under the ground.
First neighbourhood to benefit is Maryino with 251 units installed.
This to projects will help Moscow to cut 15-20% of energy consumption spent on city lights.
Nevertheless, they are not willing to move fast towards new and green technologies.
Moscow is a good example of an emerging market that is struggling to be in line with big and progressive
cities.

Astana (Mădălina Grama)
In 2012 Astana was launching 3 different pilot projects: "Led systems" brought LED technology to
the capital of Kazakhstan with commitment to reduce energy consumption by 60%, "Astana Innovations" with
group dimming with a 30-40% energy consumption cut and “Kaztelekom” with individual dimming system.
And after 1 year of implementing and testing in 2013 Astana`s administration decided to go further and start a
new project that is a part o a bigger one called “Astana Smart City”. As a part of this big project in 2019 they
will implement 25-40 thousand LED city lights, this should reduce up to 60% of energy consumption.
All this light will have IoT sensors (e.g. temperature, air pollution etc.), that will be stocked in a central data
base. This project is managed by “Astana Innovations”.
Astana is aiming to get in top 50 smart cities worldwide, this is a big and innovative project that should bring
new investments to Kazakhstan and make it a desirable place to live in. For more details about “Astana Smart
City” you may visit http://www.unitedsmartcities.org/ , that is a global initiative which is promoting sustainable
development and projects in cities at a global level.
Kazakhstan is an emerging market and part of CIS region that is showing us that there is potential not only for
very developed countries to access and to adopt sustainability and get on innovation track.

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Munich, Germany (Mitru Răzvan Gabriel)
The new business eluminocity based out of Munich, Germany, has collaborated with Infineon and Intel so as
to give smart applications of street lighting to natives of smart urban areas. Regardless of its broad scope of
highlights, the main assignment of the smart lamp remains the road lighting. To begin with, LEDs use less
power. Second, they last up to multiple times longer than sodium vapor lights, which implies less waste; they
additionally spare power. This enables regions to cut seventy five percent of their expenses for road lighting
specifically. The smart road lamp makes it even one stage further and adjusts the lighting to its encompassing
conditions inside a range of up to 150 meters so as to adjust energy utilization. The 24GHz radar chip BGT24
by Infineon recognizes, if and how quick an unit, for example, a person on foot or a vehicle, approaches the
lamp.
 Charging station for electric vehicles – An extra component of the smart road lamp is the charging
module for vehicles outfitted with an electric motor.
 Aditional sensing : Practically any sensor can be joined into these smart lighting center points. Gas
sensors can screen air quality and sound sensors can perceive clamor levels. The smart light poles are
also fit for perceiving free parking spots and passing this data on to close-by drivers by means of
Cloud association. This spares energy, assets, time, and nerves.
Together with Infineon and Intel, eluminocity has changed the rule of a basic road lamp into an adaptable hub.
As a backbone of brilliant urban communities, the smart road light gives urban regions with a wide scope of
capacities, for example, adaptable road lighting, a system of charging stations for electric vehicles, and air
quality estimation sensors.
https://www.infineon.com/cms/en/discoveries/eluminocity-street-light-makes-cities-smart/

Amsterdam , Netherlands (Francesca Pîrvănescu)
1. Smart city lights for Amsterdam’s Hoekenrodeplein square – Solar powered LED street lighting systems
with smart city software
Lights that adapt themselves, combined with cameras and a public Wi-Fi has been implemented in the square.
These 144 LED street lights have unique IP-address, in order to be accessed from a distance or to adapt themselves
automatically through sensors. These street lights respond differently to atmosphere, weather or unexpected events. The
system can also enable dimming of lights. This is energy-preserving oriented. The initiative was born out of the smart
lighting project between Amsterdam, Eindhoven and Rotterdam. The project is called Smart Lights in Metropolitan areas
and was adapted in October 2012.

2. Port of Amsterdam: sustainable smart street lighting based on DC and power by wind and solar energy.
The popular lighting system called Tvilight designed by Delft University of Technology is a system of public
light lamps, where the lights only turn on when a person, bicycle, or car pass nearby.
 Goal
This idea was first tested on a bike pathway in the Port of Amsterdam. It is based on a DC grid and wind and
solar energy. It is designed to save costs and energy, because the lights turn on only when needed. For example, a cyclist
can adjust the lighting by himself using the GeoLight app on his smarphone. As soon as there is no activity or movement,
the streetlights dim again automatically so energy will be saved.
 Result
The dimmable lamp posts are controlled remotely by Luminizer software designed by Luminext. Instead of the
regular AC grid, they use DC grid, which is independent, solar energy from the panels nearby and a miniature wind turbine.
This method is energy and money –saving, making the citizens feel comfortable, even in the night.
 Initiators + Organizers
Port of Amsterdam, Eneco, Luminext, Citytec, Windchallenge, Sunfloat
 Next Step
This is a unique system in the world, based on “clever lights” that adapt themselves to movement and can be controlled
by an application. The plan in the long term is to expend the area gradually until the entire Port of Amsterdam uses safe,
environment and user-friendly lighting system.

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Gothenburg , Sweden (Raluca-Evelina Storobaneanu)
Intelligence in street lighting, saving electricity and lasting longer
Gothenburg is one of the cities using intelligent systems for street lighting since 2006. In a unique project, the city
has succeeded in arranging better lighting systems with lower electricity consumption at a lower operating-
maintenance costs.
Positive Impacts (Environmental & Economic):
– Energy consumption has been decreased by 132 MWH per 1 year
– Energy costs and operational costs have been dramatically reduced
– Life longer for the newly implemented lighting fixtures and no need for inspection trips or servicing work
Project Implementation:
The idea of adaptive street light performed by intelligent control has been introduced at the beginning of 2007 in
Gothenburg. New light fixtures with better light dispersal reduced the number of light sources by 28 percent, while
electronic starters increased the service life of the light sources from four to twelve years. The intelligent control
system makes it possible to lower the power level during the night when traffic is very sparse. The system issues an
alert if an individual light source becomes defective, and which greatly simplifies maintenance. The project has
attracted great attention in the media and has been demonstrated to a large number of interested parties from within
Sweden and from abroad. In the future it will be possible to use this kind of system to connect even other road
equipment, such as road cameras, information boards, and parking meters, reducing the number of electrical
connection points in the city.
Potential and future benefit:
At a global level, the energy efficiency of lighting is a progressive and clear need. Many countries are phasing out
energy-guzzling lighting and introducing various kinds of need-based control is driving the shift in technology in the
area of lighting. There is great potential for similar projects, and the method can be taken into consideration and
implemented by other counties.
Best Practice:
It has enhanced knowledge of intelligent lighting, and it also contributes to various actors being better prepared to
meet future market requirements and needs.

Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Razvan-Alexandru Truncu)

Through collaboration achieving innovation
In a recent study, Cluj Napoca was placed amongst important cities of the world, regarding citizens’ warefare. Taking hold
of new trends, the City Hall of Cluj Napoca in partnership with the Swiss-Romanian Cooperation Program, started on 27th
of October 2018 a project of modernizing the street lighting network. To such an end, the existing sodium-based lamps
were replaced by energy-efficent LED lamps , which can wirelessly communicate with each other and are equipped with
other electronic devices, such as motion or light sensors , which allow the usage of different power levels to increase or
decrease, depending of the existing need.
The total value of the project is around 453 322 €. Taking into consideration that this project was mostly financed by the
Swiss-Romanian Cooperation Program, with the agenda of nourishing the environment and achieving a durable energy
management, the citizens of Cluj city can now enjoy the benefits of smart city . Because LED lamps consume less, due to
the cutting edge technology, and even less, if considering the light sensors, which adjust the energy power level, the citizens
pay less money to the state. And these money can led to other such investments.
I myself was and I still am passionate about smart cities, cars and such things. This model is eco-friendly and does not put
too much pressure on the environment. We have arrived at a state, when everything is possible, if you are to believe. Ideas,
such as this one will lead to a bright future and a continuity for the planet. What could be learned from this, is that it is
important to collaborate and adopt new technologies, to improve the current state.

http://www.monitorulcj.ro/actualitate/66722-cluj-napoca-trece-la-iluminat-tradal-pe-led_-in-acest-weekend-sunt-vizate-zonele-hasdeu-
si-donath#sthash.w05hFOHI.iuihvmKC.dpbs

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I.2.2. Guide of best practices
No. CITY LESSON APPLICABLE CHANGES
NEEDED WHERE WHEN
1 Shanghai A solar panel
infrastructure can
provide clean energy for
street light, Wifi, electric
vehicles charging In any city of the
world In medium
term Adding a electric
charger for each
lamp, adding
surveillance
cameras.
2 Oslo Aiming not only toward
saving money, but also
toward keeping a
healthy environment Any human
settlement in the
world M-L term;
Starting as
soon as
possible Cultural
orientation and
rethinking of
investments
3 Moscow Remote control of city
lights plus LED
technology will make it
both: reduce energy
consumption and
increase citizen`s
security. Highways/
express roads In medium
term Creating a central
operational
platform with
needed software
and hardware
support.
4 Astana LED technology
together with IoT
solutions = lower energy
consumption, smart city
that works for people. Small/medium/
big cities Long term Switch to LED
technology.
Create software
platform and start
a partnership with
a sensor provider.
Los Angeles , USA (Mădălina Vlasie)
The CityTouch, developed by Philips, is a connector node that can be plugged into a standard socket
on top of existing street lights. It works with street lights from any manufacturer, both conventional and LED.
Once the connector is installed, it starts transmitting operational and location information via the existing
mobile network. The key advantages of this technology are automatic commissioning, automatic location and
automatic status feed (Philips, 2018).
Los Angeles has always been willing to try new things. First of all, they have changed 140,000 of its
215,000 street lights to LED. Second, the Los Angeles Bureau of Street Lighting , together with Philips
Lighting, have worked on a program that uses City Touch connector nodes, in order to obtain additional value
from the public lighting system. This project manages 110,000 of the street lights across the city (Philips,
2018). The sensors added to the light poles help to monitor the lighting power grid, sending real-time data to
different departments that can solve any outages across the city in a short period of time. Hence, faults can be
repaired faster, benefiting both residents and local businesses. Moreover, the Bureau of Street Lighting can
monitor the power quality of a luminaire and schedule upcoming maintenance works, making planning more
efficient and cutting costs. These innovations have reduced the city’s energy usage for street lighting by over
63%, saving at least US$9.5 million annually in operational and maintenance costs (Philips, 2018).
The project implemented in LA shows that a connected street lighting infrastructure can support the
development of the city and can help it evolve into a more efficient and livable city . In the future, Los Angeles
and Philips are looking for other applications that build on the connected city lighting infrastructure to obtain
additional value beyond illumination.

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5 Munich Adjustable road lighting,
a system of charging
stations for electric
vehicles, and air quality
estimation sensors. In any city of the
world In
short/medium
term Use different
sensors in the
light poles that
can be of great
use to the
community.
6 Amsterdam The solar panels charge
a battery, with the
direct-current DC grid
then supplying the
energy needed for the
streetlights. This is
energy-efficient, as there
is no need for direct
current (DC) to be
converted into
alternating current (AC)
=> no other energy costs
involved, no pipes, no
wires, from the main
power grid to the public
area to be illuminated,
no need for convertors. In any city in the
world/ public
squares/ parks/
ports In
short/medium
term – WI-FI
Thermostat
connected to the
lightning panels,
which can be
accessed
remotely
– DC Grid instead
of AC Grid
– smart app
– wind turbine
added to the
existing solar
panels
7 Gothenburg Adaptive street light
performed by intelligent
control. New light
fixtures with better light
dispersal, better lighting
systems, lower
electricity consumption
and lower operating-
maintenance costs In any city of the
world In
short/medium
term Enhance an
intelligent system
control that lower
electricity
consumption
provides better
lighting.
8 Cluj-Napoca LEDs equipped with
sensors, which
determine the power
level according to need
and wirelessly
coonnected, forming a
network In any city of the
world/ buildings In short term Adding also Wi –
Fi technology and
connecting the
LEDs to solar
panels, as to
decrease the
energy
consumption
9 Los Angeles A connected street
lighting infrastructure
can reduce the city’s
energy usage for street
lighting by over 63%,
saving millions annually
in operational and
maintenance costs. In any city of the
world, on the
highways/express
roads In
short/medium
term Start a
partnership with
Philips and install
the CityTouch,
connector node
on every light
pole.

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I.3. SMART CITY LIGHTING IN BUCHAREST
I.3.1. General information
Name of the company: cleverRAYS
Location: Bucharest
Mission and vision:
As a new way of thinking, the smart city lighting in Bucharest appears as a way to
redefine the world in light of the new challenges. ‘A mission statement describes what a
company wants to do now, a vision statement outlines what a company wants to be in the
future.’ (Diffen, 2019)
Making the city more convenient, enjoyable, and more responsible: this is the mission of
cleverRAYS. The company is continuously acting to promote sustainable urban planning and
mobility. cleverRAYS puts all its expertise at work to redefine the lighting in Bucharest,
rethinking the urban development, the interactions between several actors’ inhabitants,
companies, governments, and making the city a pleasant place to live.
By definition, the smart city leverages technology and innovation to enable better
management of resources and a reduction of the ecological footprint. Our company focuses on
gathering all the necessary resources, both raw materials, and engineers skilled enough to
develop and implement such a progressive idea. The authorities should invest in such a project
because it’s high time our country adopted a modern illuminating system in order to better take
care of the environment and prevent catastrophes, such as too many accidents on the road etc.
If this innovative idea is implemented, it could have immediate positive results. It will reduce
costs greatly and will help to preserve the environment. In a word, progress. All in the citizens’
favour to ease their daily lives.

Source: BUCHAREST SMART CITY,bucharestsmartcity.ro

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I.3.2. Marketing
I.3.2.a. Products and services
Services:
 Cloud-based solution for city lightning system
 Implementation and maintenance
 Development and implementation of new project for residential complexes
 Selling/distributing LED bulbs

I.3.2.b. Main competitors
Philips – "Innovation & You"
It is a global leader in lighting solutions that is offering a wide range of products and services.
They are offering both consumer products and professional products.
Smart Cities Challenge by Philips is made of 3 main pillars: Digital technology, urban
transformation; A smart city is an open city; Cloud-based solutions for future smart cities.
Current powered by GE – “We're more than lighting.”
In partnership with AT&T Business and Intel provide infrastructure that turns any street light
into an intelligent source that provides safety and livability.
They provide advanced LED lighting together with network sensors and software for
commercial buildings, industrial facilities and outdoor solutions.
Signify powered by Philips
Big focus on LED sales (70% of total sales) and remotely managed light points (750.000).
They have their own IoT platform – Interact, that together with LED lighting system are
committed to deliver insights, benefits and new services.
inteliLIGHT
Romanian company that is based in Brasov that integrates hardware and software solutions for
smart cities. They provide a high range of hardware solutions: LonWorks PLC, LoRaWAN,
NB-IoT, Sigfox, LTE-M and software to implement this.
They have worldwide projects.

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Their smart lighting solution offers: remote control and real-time monitoring and promises to
provide: energy saving, maintenance optimization, more sustainable cities and cleaner
environment, saves money for the community, increases lighting service quality.

I.3.2.c. Promotional methods
A 360⁰ promotion strategy will be implemented in order to achieve high SoV and get to the
targeted audience.
 PR Campaigns – About sustainability and mostly about energy consumption with aim of
educating population. High accent on “future” generation i.e. school open lessons on
sustainability.
 Collaboration with bloggers and vloggers.
 Digital toolbox – banners on dedicated sites and promo integration.
 TV support – Short reportages in specialized TV shows (e.g. iLikeIT on ProTV)
 Direct Marketing – For big projects and Government initiatives
 Participation in dedicated expos and conferences.

I.3.3. Finances
I.3.3.a. Funding sources
Because we speak about changing Bucharest landscape, the City Hall is the main sponsor of
this project. As the project falls simply within the governmental regional development program,
most of the money (90%) will be covered by EU funds, allocated specially for regional
development and growth
European Energy Efficiency Fund (EEE-F) has taken measure to support the production of the
electricity from renewable energy sources to increases the production level of clean energy and
to minimize the heavily dependent on import of oil and gas for electricity production.
 Practices of similar projects financed by European funds comity in Romania:
 In November 2018 the EU funds granted Giurgiu city 3 million Euro to change
approximately 15 % of public street lights.
 In October 2018 11 million Euro contract has been signed to upgrade public
lighting system Bacau city.

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I.3.3.b. Average cost per km
LED Lighting lamps represent the key to a more efficient way to light a city, building
or an outdoor space. The light quality, as well as its efficiency, are the product of controlled-
based LEDs and electronic-dedicated circuits . (Electromagnetica Ppt 2) Putting aside the fact
that there are in fact ‘green’, implying the fact that they do not polute the environment, they
also lead to an efficient, namely cheaper way, to ensure lighting. LEDs simply transform
electric energy into pure light, as they rely on semiconductor light emitting materials. (Ppt 4) In
the context of economic crisis and the level-up of energy costs, the existing public lighting
system faces serious problems.
Let us not forget that any project, including green initiatives, is most likely to take
advantage of governmental funds, simply because there is an ongoing tendency amongs the
public to support and protect the environment. Therefore solar-powered LED lamps can be
considered the big hit
With around 35 000 km of road network, not taking into consideration also the
highways, Romania faces with old and antiquated lighting systems. Without repairs, nor
improvements, due to lack of money or indifference, LEDs represent a successful plan, in
looking forward. The road network of the Bucharest City includes 5340 streets, therefore a
length of 1820,8 km. The optimal distance between the lighting posts is considered by the
specialists to be 30 meters, so to ensure all the lighting infrastructure of Bucharest, 600,086
post LED lamps will be needed. We approximate that the cost of fully equipped solar powered
LED lamps per km will be 5720 euro (60-euro x 33 lamp posts = 1980 + 30-euro x 33 motion
sensors = 990 + 250-euro x 11 solar panels 2750). The Wi-Fi equipment cost is covered by the
local telecommunication companies (Telekom), in their quality as sponsors and in their need
for media coverage.
Taking into consideration the LED lamp’s average power of 200 watts and the 2920
functioning hours per year, there will be 584 kW/h energy cost per lamp. As the lamps are
mainly solar-powered, the lighting cost will be minimal, as even on cloudy days, there is still
solar power. In case of emergency, the LED lamps are also connected to the local electric
power grid.
Bucharest, therefore Romania, in fact loses as the days pass money, which could go into
other important projects, simply because they don’t take action and use the old lamps, whose
energy consumption is high.

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Approximate installation cost will include the below:
1. Labors cost for lamp installation per KM (each lamp will take an average of 2.5 Hours
to be Installed 33 * 2.5 = 82,5 H)
2. Labors cost for motion sensors installation per KM (each motion sensors will take an
average of 0.5 Hours 33 * 0.5 = 16.5 H)
3. Labors cost for solar panel installation per KM (each solar panel will take an average 5
of 5 Hours 11 * 5 = 55 H)
 Total Working Hours Per KM 154 H
4. Lamp installation requires a crane an average crane cost around 15 Euro per hour and
the installation will be made via a third-party partner with total cost per Km 3850 Euro

Data about streets and km length taken from here:
http://www4.pmb.ro/wwwt/avize/infrastructura_bucuresti_2009_07_15.php
Electronmagnetica ppt
35%
17%48%0%Cost of LED lamps per km
Lamps posts
Motion sensors
Solar Pannels
Internet boxes
Installation cost per km
Labors cost for lamp installation Labors cost for motion sensors installation
Labors cost for solar panel installation

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I.3.3.c. Expected revenue
 Total number of light 60,0086 post LED lamps, 1820,8 KM covered
 Types of new light: LED lamp’s average power of 200 watts.
 LED lamp’s average working hours 2920 per year
 Cost of purchase per Km 5720 euro + = 3850 euro = 6600 Euro
 Expected energy saving per year: 100 %
 Expected CO2 reduction per year: 21,000 to 31,400.

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I.3.4. Implementation steps for Bucharest
The implementation steps for the City of Bucharest consists in:
 The documentation
 The process of bidding
 The resources allocated to the project
 Duration
 Enjoying the show of lights

The documentation presupposes abiding by the public authorities guidelines, the local
and federal laws and the way the project reflects the societal reality. In Romania most of the
local-sponsored projects are debated and adopted, by bidding. Therefore, the company that has
a stronger case, showing both advantages and trust in its own plan, is most likely to win. As
opposed to the competitors, cleverRAYS has demonstrated its commitment to new
technologies, sustainable environment and society change. The project is based on European
Funds. We have applied for a bid on the national website of the Bucharest City Hall.
Let’s say cleverRAYS gets the contract, this project. What happens next?
A new smart city control system for street lights involves less energy consumption, less
costs and less pollution. When they are not used, the lights dim themselves automatically.

The hardware: wireless devices which are controlled by SIM cards installed into existing
city lights. Those are functioning via short messages sent through signaling devices or motion
sensors which maintain the street lights in a standby mode at lower energy level of full
brightness to conserve power. When the sensors detect the motion of a vehicle or other road
user, the street lights trigger an action of turning up and down the brightness level as necessary.
The controllers are automatic and make their own decisions about how their light level should
work and adapt to environmental conditions including weather or day-night cycle.
Each device has a radio range of up to 15 km. All the cells are connected over-the-air via a
network and it communicates with the cells using an internet router. Moreover, the city
authorities can supervise each lamp post individually, local areas or the whole system as a unit
and citizens have the possibility to customize their system for their particular necesities.
Our company developed sophisticated algorithms and formulas that allow each device
to respond accordingly. For example, the motion sensors can make the difference between a car

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and an animal. The software makes possible for each unit to function cooperatively. As one
lamp is activated, it coordinates with others nearby to raise the local illumination, and to sustain
that as long as there is continuous motion in the area.
The innovation of this idea lays in the reduction of urban lighting power consumption,
while also makes maintenance costs considerably lower.
After obtaining all the funds, we have to acquire the resources needed for such a huge
project: workforce consisting of local people (to assemble the lamp posts and solar panels),
workers, skilled engineers and architects and the resources, such as the lamp posts’ parts, the
wiring, all the equipment for the solar panel and so on.
We estimated, after looking over some other projects, that the full implementation of
our project: SMART STREET LIGHTING IN BUCHAREST should take about 3-4 months,
without taking into consideration any delays.
http://www.pmb.ro/institutii/primaria/directii/directia_achizitii/dap-fe/dap_fe.php
https://ec.europa.eu/info/index_en

I.3.4.a. Expected results
The implementation of such a project can bring a wide range of benefits going from:
 Increased population happiness. Through enhanced traffic stream, more secure
crosswalks, ecological checking, and climate alarms, just as different arrangements, the
practicality of urban areas is significantly improved and locals are more secure and more
joyful. The two urban areas and utility suppliers—whichever element possesses the
physical shaft—are interestingly positioned to expand esteem through extra smart road
light usefulness
 Reduced power cost. Smart road lights bring more proficiently overseeing power,
streamlining dimming of the light, on/off programming, or movement triggering can
raise cost reserve funds over basic LED luminaires.
 Increased income openings. With additional items such as computerized signal, Wi-Fi
hotspots, and different abilities, entities can expand income openings. Basically, road
light and utility posts are winding up increasingly like genuine real estate that can back
themselves.

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II. CONCLUSIONS
II.1. PROJECT CONCLUSIONS
The Smart City concept has grown indefinitely gaining global popularity and becoming
soon even a standard for developed cities. The rise of Smart City and technology has woken up
excitement about all the different ways in which a city can become more efficient or more
optimized for its citizens. Such an explosion of new technology can make things slightly
overwhelming for newer cities, and by this means a city can confidently enter into the ranks of
a truly Smart City. The interconnectedness of Smart City technology allows public to view the
city’s lighting from a different angle so that they can see which lights or areas consume the
most power.
Nowadays, urban street lighting is very inefficient. The street lights function with 100
percent light output all night, calling for vast amounts of power, which also represents
greenhouse emissions. However, during most of the night lights are not needed, and most of
the energy is spent unnecessarily. To respond to the sustainable development objective is
necessary to drastically reduce our energy consumption. In big cities as Bucharest, to achieve
these objectives, the management of streams must be controlled. Solutions largely depend on
improving efficiency. The EU-funded project could work to develop a system for making urban
lighting efficient
This adaptive lighting dynamically manages the street lights, dimming or raising the
lights as required, to provide the amount of light needed. The project is constantly innovating
to make Bucharest more intelligent, combining hardware and software goals.
This innovation regarding the adaptive lighting system will help cities such as Bucharest save
money, reduce greenhouse emissions and meet all the requirements of the city of tomorrow.
By calculating all the necessary costs for implementation, we can attract
telecommunication and IT companies into helping us creating the hardware and software for
the smart city lights. This will eventually be connected to a universal grid and made accessible
to everyone via apps. Moreover, we got approval from the city hall and won the bid by
demonstrating that the sustainability of this project is long-term oriented. The benefits and
advantages are enough to prove that smart lights can be implemented in Bucharest, too.

Image sources:

Piata Presei And Twin Tower Buildings In
Bucharest , Night Scene, dreamstime.com

Night traffic in Bucharest city — Stock Photo ©
johny007pandp #139762846, depositphotos.com

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II.2. FUTURE TRENDS
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence, the production of light by living organisms, is a chemical reaction
between a specific protein and an enzyme, in the presence of oxygen. It has evolved
independently for more than 40 times across the tree of life, and it is estimated that more than
75% of sea creatures produce their own light (ref 55, 56).
Inspired by nature, scientists are finding creative ways of using bioluminescence for
green space lighting, through either biomimicry or genetic manipulation. The work is still in
progress, as the results obtained until now have to be ameliorated and studied.
For example, a nanobionic light-emitting plant has been created using pressurized bath infusion,
but the period of light production has to be extended (ref 57 & annex4). Another example is the
French company Glowee, that is working on using bioluminescent microorganisms (ref 59).
Bioluminescent bacteria and plants, like all living organisms, have independent energy
generation and auto-repair mechanisms. Thus, if no biological or ethical inadequacies arise,
our streetlamps could be replaced by glowing buildings, roads or even trees ,
making for a energy neutral, poetic landscape.
“When we look at what is truly sustainable, the only real model that has worked
over long periods of time is the natural world.” – Janine Benyus (ref 58)

Environmental noise monitoring
Los Angeles developed several applications to transform itself into a smart city. One of
them is the connected lighting infrastructure based on the sensors added to all the light poles in
the city. This infrastructure could be further used to monitor environmental noise by adding an
acoustic noise sensor to the existing CityTouch connector nodes. By doing this, the City Council
will be able to monitor the sound levels, checking compliance with the regulations, thus
supporting the well-being of their citizen.
Recent studies have shown that there is a strong correlation between road traffic and
aircraft noise and high risk for blood pressures. People living in close areas to the airport show
increased risks of hospital admission and are more likely to die of a stroke or to develop heart
diseases (Haralabidis,A. et.al., 2008) . Moreover, people's emotional response to high levels of
noise pollution can be expressed by negative feelings such as irritation, disturbance and
nuisance, or the sense of having his/her privacy invaded (The Independent, 2016). Besides these

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effects, noise pollution can also impact the growth and learning development of youths, children
in these areas showing lower reading comprehension and logical reasoning skills than other
kids that live in natural environments (Planetizen, 2018).

Transport optimization solutions
A smart road lighting groundwork is progressively being utilized to encourage various
smart transport enhancement methods that wish to decrease blockage and increment the
productivity of urban transport frameworks.
In urban zones, 30% of all traffic congestions are caused by drivers searching for
parking spots, bringing about huge amounts of additional carbon dioxide being discharged into
the city atmosphere. Up to 80% of drivers are not paying for parking. By giving constant data
about the area of accessible spaces, drivers can spare looking out for free spaces and are
motivated to give money for parking.
By introducing cameras and sensors on light posts and using the accessible availability,
a number of suppliers have created inventive smart parking and traffic improvement measures.
The final outcome of implementing a system like this is less traffic congestion and a more
practical partnership between cities, citizens, native businesses, and parking administration
agencies.

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ANNEXES:

1 WHY CHAPTER – Total general government expenditure on housing and community amenities, Eurostat 2016, https://bit.ly/2RRSLxi

2 OSLO CHAPTER – Regional innovation scoreboard 2017, European Commission, 12.09.2018 http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/31491

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3 OSLO CHAPTER – Oslo Airport City , http://osloairportcity.no/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/2.jpg

4 BIOLUMINESCENCE – A nanobionic light-emitting plant, Nano Lett, 2017 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04369