Task 2.2: Definition of the innovation measures to be adopted in the regions [301754]

Task 2.2: [anonimizat], [anonimizat].

The solutions from the study are organized in three thematic areas:

A. – New Scheme of distribution to be applied in urban areas. [anonimizat], planning, and coordination to improve and facilitate the distribution of goods in different areas of a city.

B. – New distribution systems and innovative vehicle concepts using new freight systems with low CO2 and other pollutants.

C. – The UCS (Urban Control Systems), [anonimizat], in supporting the implementation of the regulatory system and access control.

[anonimizat]. [anonimizat], the problem of the “last mile”, [anonimizat].

[anonimizat], represents a [anonimizat], [anonimizat], etc. [anonimizat], where, to achieve significant results, a multi-disciplinary approach must be adopted.

[anonimizat] a significant role in the improvement of the competitiveness of this sector.

[anonimizat] a [anonimizat]/[anonimizat].

[anonimizat]. Yet the truth is that many places and firms are better at adapting the ideas of others than generating new ideas of their own.

The ability to draw in new ideas from elsewhere and build on them at home is a more powerful stimulus than ever in today’s economy.

This Study shows that the capacity of cities and region to meet this challenge will have a major impact on their ability to stimulate economic growth. This ‘absorptive capacity’ [anonimizat], innovative firms.

[anonimizat]’s, systems and services, a [anonimizat]. So, [anonimizat].

The Study offer solutions for the problems that existed in the city and the region regarding the freight and distribution system.

We hope that the analysis offered in this Study provides policymakers with the tools to think more imaginatively about how to stimulate regional and urban inventiveness and innovation.

A. New Scheme of distribution to be applied in urban areas. In this section we want to introduce management actions related to policy, planning and coordination to improve and facilitate the distribution of goods in different areas of a city

In this section, we want to present the management actions related to policy, planning, and coordination to improve and facilitate the distribution of goods in different areas of a city.

Urban goods distribution is vital for the prosperity of inner cities, especially the shopping areas that fulfill an important role for the city and its region.

In this section, we present the management actions related to policy, planning, and coordination to improve and facilitate the distribution of goods in different areas of a city.

The goods distribution processes are in a tight connection with road traffic flows, energetic consumption sources, emissions and noise levels; well-known results with negative effects on life and environment quality in downtown area.

Urban goods distribution is essential for the prosperity of urban areas but at the same time poses problems related to the environment, traffic safety, and accessibility.

One way to overcome these problems is to implement a totally new designed logistical system that optimizes the efficiency from a business as well as societal perspective.

1 The actual situation of freight distribution in Craiova city

Conditions of access for motor vehicles with a maximum permissible mass exceeding 3.5 tones shall be governed by the municipality of Craiova HCL 641/18.12.2014, which defines two zones with fees.

In principle, to the municipality of Craiova, cargo routes passing through the town in the southern half (with insufficient guidance signs). On the north side of transit cargo is taken from the bypass North (DN 65F) which connects national road DN 65 (from Pitesti/Slatina) – DN65C – DN6B and DN6 (Timisoara). On the South, side is low connectivity network of national roads.

With regard to the majority of the municipality of Craiova industrial objectives, they are found concentrated mainly along the route of the national road DN6, whose continuity is ensured by the city's street network (Blvd. Decebal – Blvd. Dacia – Caracal street – Raului street).

Up to this moment there are trails studied for the bypass South of Craiova which will provide liaison between DN56 – DN55 – DN6 – DN65 (East). From the eastern section of the bypass version DN6 – DN65 is in the running.

Fig.1: The Municipality of Craiova. Access areas for freight vehicles

As can be seen in the above picture the Craiova city from the freight distribution point of view is divided in 2 zones:

ZONE A: bounded by streets: Blvd. Dacia, Blvd. Decebal, street Caracal, street Coposu, Blvd. 1 Mai, Blvd. Stirbei, which exempts from the inner perimeter B

ZONE B: Calea Bucuresti, Blvd. Carol I, street Aries, street M. Kogălniceanu, street Sf. Dumitru, street Felix Aderca, street Madona Dudu, street Ion Maiorescu, street Mihai Viteazu, street Unirii.

The tool for the permits access of the vehicles weighing more than 3.5 tons in area "A" and "B" of Craiova is set at the following levels:

In 2015 was adopted, by 211/HCL 25.06.2015, the rules of procedure and access to the historic center of the municipality of Craiova. It specifies the: Includes a portion of the old fireplace, where most real estate constructive characteristics and preserves the architecture of the period in which they were constructed, he area of the historic center, aims to restore and maintain the tradition and atmosphere of the ancient urban settlements, with functionality tailored to the current period, however, dressed in promotion systems and modern commerce.

The regulation also provides that:

On the pedestrian streets of the historic center of car circulation will be virtually prohibited access being allowed only based on an authorization of access. The speed of movement of vehicles inside the historical center will be of 5 km/h, pedestrians and activities inside the perimeter of the historic center given priority in relation to the movement of vehicles;

The banned inside the perimeter of the historic center of vehicles with maximum weight authorized of more than 3.5 tones (except in emergencies).

To use the supply vehicles with total weight authorized is less than 3.5 tones in hours: 4:00-8:30 pm.

Fig. 2: The pedestrian area. Routes and regulations

New regulation scheme – the proposed scheme of goods distribution

2 The proposed solution of freight distribution scheme under the Mobility

Plan

In this period a study for freight distribution scheme was created were within it there were proposed 5 schemes for the space organization:

The scheme of urban logistic areas consists of grouping the logistic operators closer to the areas of a high density of beneficiaries (closer to the central area) and has as main objectives:

• The decrease of the number of vans that use the main urban arteries

• The increase of productivity for the delivery services.

For the realization of this scheme, large real estate investments are necessary for the creation of urban logistic areas, without being required any modifications of technologies from the transporters and the beneficiaries.

Application of this scheme requires interventions of the municipality, department of urbanism and the administration of territory, as well as the involvement of all transporters and operators from the logistic chain.

The scheme with urban distribution centers in which goods destined for central beneficiaries are deposited, the activities of distribution being reunited and conducted by a single operator named by the municipality.

The advantages in this case are the following:

• The reduction of transport routes for good vehicles

• The improvement of the usage of urban space

• The limitation of noise created by the goods transport vehicles in certain day periods

The scheme with dedicated stationary locations for the realization of deliveries and supplies avoiding the inconveniences of the other road users. In this case, the deliveries from the stationary locations of the area to the beneficiaries within a radius of about 100 m are being made on foot (eventually by carriages).

The relation between the transporter and beneficiary does not change, and the sequence of the performed operations is the same, the only changing being the distance travelled on foot, with the merchandise.

For applying this scheme low investments are being required, the exploitation costs remaining approximately the same, but it is necessary the implication of the carriers in creating the adequate routes.

The scheme with points (locations) for goods accumulation in which the supply of these locations is being made by the transporters after the rush hours.

The pursued objectives are the fulfilling of the poor accessibility areas requirements and the satisfaction of the less available beneficiaries.

This scheme modifies the placement of the delivery locations; the scheme requires important efforts for the realization of interactions between the actors of the logistic chain.

The scheme with urban logistic boxes consists of the placement of some containers, of variable dimensions, in locations accessible to beneficiaries that would constitute temporary deposits for goods, supplied by the transporters after the rush hours, without being necessary the presence of beneficiaries.

The advantage of this scheme consists in the possibility of deliveries in periods of low traffic.

The application of this scheme requires low involvement from authorities, but modifies the relations between transporters and beneficiaries (the locations of the delivery points and the schedule are being modified).

Beside the solutions proposed because of the freight goods distribution study, in Craiova city, presented above, the deployment team proposed a new solution for the freight distribution scheme, based on model from other European cities. The proposal is based on two fundamental elements:

the freight parking “terminal”: load/unload concentration, advanced information systems and cooperative operations of freight transportation;

the drop-points (eco-station): freight parking in center area (the goods are delivery by Eco transport vehicle)

Fig. 3: Freight Parking “P” – terminal; eco-station

The innovative concept for a new scheme distributes goods in urban website leads to the use of a new delivery system / Inserting Extra freight transport concept with clean emissions:

Efficient transport that respects the environment by reducing pollution;

Improved mobility, lower congestion, improved safety and security;

Improving the quality of urban life;

Growth and social development.

Urban transport is booming and represents the main target in the development of "urban mobility.”

In order to achieve maximum efficiency efforts should be made to find and develop new solutions for implementing environmentally friendly urban transport.

Goods transport and logistics industry is growing and developing at the same time and in constant change.

Freight transport in urban areas shows a very important role in the smooth functioning and development of cities, but also one of the main responsible for the pollution, congestion, heating fuel consumption etc.

Fig. 4: Terminal/freight parking “P” operation

The carriage of such goods will be held until a certain special area called "terminal"- Freight Parking “P”. Goods are collected and distributed to the central and semi-central ring by vehicle type van or cross to “eco-station”.

Programming goods vehicles for loading / unloading and distributing goods can be made via the online platform or directly to the "terminal” – Freight Parking “P”.

In order to fulfill the duties of logistics on the new scheme of distribution of goods across the municipality. Craiova, and transport, it is proposed that the supply or distribution of goods in urban areas was done with vehicles which have low CO2 emissions very low or vehicle electric, which are very efficiently in intercity transportation and distribution of goods.

Advantages:

Improving urban life by reducing CO2 emission and reducing greenhouse gases;

Reduce noise pollution;

Reduce the congestion;

Reducing the number of stops of vehicles distributor goods;

Public space;

Concern for the environment;

Transport-Delivery Efficiency;

Reducing the number of vehicles with heavy duty inside the urban center;

Lower expenses with the fuel.

Fig. 5: ITS technologies with proposal distribution scheme

Vehicles in the proposed new distribution scheme, as shown in the figure above from drop-points (eco-station), by customers are in the "historic center" and "Zone B" ("last mile") is recommended:

Electric vehicle;

Scooters equipped with equipment delivery / freight;

Bicycles with special cargo transport cart;

Manually operated electric carts or trolleys.

New distribution process of the scheme

3 Components of the scheme for goods distribution in Craiova city

The process of the proposal scheme for goods distribution in Craiova city should follow:

TERMINAL: The place where the goods are storage or for distribution.

The terminal should be monitoring 24/24. The monitoring, registration, verification, info of freight vehicle must be use technology such as:

Monitoring, registration, verification:

Video detection system using function for control access as: ANPR, LPR;

Video inductive loop system for traffic analyzing;

Info panel: Virtual Message Sign system;

Online platform:

GPS system, RFID system, GPRS / Wi-Fi systems etc.

FREIGHT PARKING „P”: special area at entry or exit points in the city for parking of freight vehicle in order to charge for goods.

The freight parking should be monitoring 24/24 and use:

parking management system;

info panel:

Virtual Message Sign system

Info desk / kiosk system: information about route, delay, incident/accident, schedule about load/unload etc

GPS, RFID, WI – FI systems: online platform

LOAD / UNLOAD: follow the standards, internal regulation, local legislation etc.

The goods will be taken over by specialized personnel competent to grant the permissions loading and delivery.

Load / unload the goods: weigh systems, scanning systems, software, sorting, registration, checking, delivery schedule, manage, control, assortment clients etc.

Online platform: tracking goods (GPS, RFID system), manage, control, goods manipulation, documents etc.

DISTRIBUTION TO DROP-POINTS / ECOSTATION: Distribution from the ”terminal” / freight parking to the drop-points / ecostation

Transport of goods: they are taken from TERMINAL / FREIGHT PARKING "P" by other types of vehicles (type mini-van, electric cars etc.) for transport in the area of ​​interest;

GPS, RFID systems (using online platform): taking data will be GPS (departure time, arrival time, time traveled, vehicle technical info, status goods transported etc.) and data transmission will be through technology GSM / GPRS / Wi-Fi / Bluetooth, the purpose of removing data (real time monitoring on platform and follow the standards, internal regulation, local legislation etc.)

Warning/alarm system: technical malfunctions, motor vehicle incidents / accidents or road works and bridges, diversion route etc. (real time monitoring on platform and follow the standards, internal regulation, local legislation etc.):

Delivery:

once everything was done, all documents are as legislation, the delivery to the drop-points/ecostation can be done by low emission vehicle

GPS system: GPS tracking software dedicate (route, departure, arrive, travel time, goods transported condition, assortment, monitoring, schedule planning, control of the goods, delivery schedule to drop-points/ecostation;

GPS system: GPS tracking software (delivery schedule from drop-points/ecostation, order, control (info traffic congestion), assortment clients;

ASSORTMENT CLIENTS: local legislation/STANDARD for cost of traffic congestion(this will reduce the traffic congestion in area of interest)

Online platform: cargo tracking, command, control, manipulation for economic agents, carriers, info from management center (e.g. change directions, change the time of delivery, incident / accident, congestion etc.).

LOW EMISSION VEHICLE / ELECTRIC VEHICLE: Distribution of goods from the drop-point / ecostation use electric vehicle, low emission vehicle, electric scooters for freight, bicycles with special cargo transport cart, manually operated electric carts or trolleys.

SOCIAL IMPACT:

Traffic optimization in interested area

Low pollution

Priority for public transportation, emergency vehicle

Access points for legislation violation

Online logistic platform

Online traffic management platform

Example:

Smart truck is a project for DHL (Deuche Post). The first two pilot trucks started to work in Berlin in March 2012. By combining advanced RFID, geo, and telematics technology with dynamic route planning the SmartTruck is expected to increase efficiency in both pick-up and delivery.

Using taxi’s travel time for real time routing depends on the current order situation and volume of traffic.

SmartTruck uses radio frequency identification (RFID) and a completely new type of route planning software, which navigates express vehicles and other vehicles away from inner city traffic jams. In order to receive relevant information on the traffic situation in Berlin center, DHL is working with Berlin-based taxi companies in a pilot project. If taxis are caught in a traffic jam, the information taken from the global positioning system (GPS) is automatically sent to DHL. The data are transmitted directly to the dynamic route planning system, which recalculates the routes, depending on the current order situation and volume of traffic. SmartTruck benefits the environment, since through efficient route planning the vehicles' fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are reduced.

"The SmartTruck driver is automatically allocated a collection order which he can complete in the quickest time possible. If he is not able to keep to a given time window for a customer, his order is quickly transferred to another colleague in the destination area.

Project partner Motorola has developed the hardware components for the system, as well as the on-board computer. The vehicle itself is also continuously tracked using GPS”.

SMARTFREIGHT is a 3-year research project co-funded by the European Commission (Westerheim, 2011). SMARTFREIGHT developed and evaluated technical solutions that can make urban freight transport more efficient, environmentally friendly and safe. The solutions support among others access control to areas or transportation network sections; priorities; monitoring and control with dangerous cargo; pre-bookings of loading bays; and information exchange between traffic management and freight distribution to support better planning of transport operations.

4 Specific technology / solution: Freight distribution management systems

Simple software systems

To balance the cost of customer service is very important to choose the means of transport, which is an important decision regarding an international logistics and distribution. After analyzing alternatives of logistical factors found existing modes of compromises between them (road, rail, sea, and air).

Select by modal method:

operational factors (egg service level requirements for customers, the physical transport mode due emphasizing the characteristics of certain methods of transport as more suitable for certain types of operational requirements (90% of global international trade is transported by sea although domestic freight movements is achieved through continental road transport;

Factors expedition, here take the example of an urgent transport requires a fast means of transportation.

To choose the final solution is taken into account both the cost of services and trade-offs between them. From a theoretical stand point volume of goods that need to be moved and distance to accomplish this choice dictates how the relative cost perspective although these economic factors may be overwritten by the speed of delivery and reliability of service.

Freight management features include:

Automatic consolidation of consignments to the same receiver (customer);

Controlled return, pick-ups and swap outs;

Dangerous goods annotations, including DG surcharge and insurance charge calculations;

Unlimited number of carriers catered for (most by electronic interfaces);

Carrier/service can be enforced by customer destination;

Pallet transfer tracking and reporting;

Automatic calculation of transport cost recovery and charge back to customers;

Carrier cost comparison facility;

Freight rate quote effect analysis;

Reverse billing facility that moves the administrative burden of reconciliation to the carrier;

Electronic reconciliation of carrier invoices, highlighting freight cost variations;

Import track and trace information from electronically enabled carriers;

Link directly to carriers track and trace website;

Extensive transport cost analysis;

Reporting/alerting ;

Carrier performance reporting

Send email Advance Ship Notice to customers on dispatch – includes link to carriers track and trace website.

GPS surveillance technique have made great contributions to the characterization of urban transport of goods and implement detection and enforcement problems, here is the reference to the modes of transmission of data in real time and embedded GPS technology telephone devices.

How data are collected GPS veneer, suppliers compared with the role of provider traffic already appointed a vehicle is frequently used in combination with the above techniques in order to provide additional information.

GPS survey technique is used to reconstruct the route and definition; it is seen as an alternative solution to these surveys, although at present the focus is on personal character data.

Fig. 1: GPS techniques

Fig. 2: Detection algorithm

Design of software solutions to the supply chain has the following advantages:

Increased productivity and better integration, automation and communication with the supply chain;

Integration of business with customers and partners, streamlining processes, and improving the efficiency, visibility and profitability of operations;

Supply chain dimension;

Corporate sizes;

Sector of the logistics industry your business serves;

Fig. 3: GPS based evaluation

Fleet Maintenance Prosoftware:

All editions of Fleet Maintenance Pro will track an unlimited number of fleet vehicles and equipment. You can track all of the descriptive details that you need to manage your fleet. You even have user-definable fields for tracking additional equipment facts that are important to you.

Software modules:

Fleet inventory tracking: organize your fleet assets&track all of the data that you need to effectively manage your fleet;

Preventative maintenance: automated maintenance due to notification are provided on screen or email or reports;

Repair maintenance: keep on top of unexpected repairs that occur by logging and tracking repair request from start to finish;

History recording: help you make effective decisions;

Fuel tracking: record fuel transaction and economy;

Part inventory: itemize and track usage of your parts when maintenance is performed;

Work orders: generate work orders based on preventive maintenance due or repaired request;

Flexible reporting: print, email, or export from a wide range of reports ranging from a simple fleet listening reports to detail cost analysis reports.

Fig. 4: Fleet Maintenance Pro software – PM Schedule setup

Fig. 5: Fleet Maintenance Pro software – Add New Equipment

SaaS freight software:

SaaS freight software is one of Logitude's cloud solution encompasses the latest freight management software for optimal functionality, covering the full freight forwarding lifecycle. The freight forwarding system enables working either on a shipment directly through any of the predefined queries, or using one of the powerful business tools provided. Logitude's freight software wizards and personalized workspace will enhance efficiency and help to leverage business.

The easy-to-use freight forwarding system consists of several freight forwarder software modules:

shipments module is a flexible tool which helps manage your work;

e-AWB module is an advanced and smart tool that helps you create AWBs online;

Quotes: approved quote becomes a shipment using the previously approved rates;

Invoicing and Collection; Costs and Profit & Loss Analysis;

Personalization and Customization;

Shared Logistics;

Business Tool; Client Relationship Management (CRM);

Security.

Fig. 6: SaaS freight software

Fleet management systems

Increasing fuel costs and vehicle maintenance, driver and concerns about passenger safety and the need to delivery serving clients, are all factors that determine a more difficult management of a fleet of vehicles.

Fleet operators use their management systems in order to remotely tracking vehicles using GPS maps and realistic. This technology increases the efficiency of fleet management and efficiency by reducing the workload and the total costs of transport and personnel.

Fleet management involves performing two different types of systems:

Asset Management: Effective tools for data collection fleet inventory and usage data as needed to meet a variety of analysis and relative terms.

Fig. 7: Asset management process

Enterprise management

Fleet management practices were strongly influenced by the following activities:

Budgeting

Finance and accounting

Asset management

Sourcing

Procurement

Supplier management and payment

Human resources management

Information technology management

Risk management

Facility management

Fig. 8: Enterprise management process

Fleet management functions:

Fig. 9: Fleet architecture

Fleet management addresses issues related to vehicles (financing, leasing, fuel, organizational health, and safety management, speed management) and issues related to telemetric, infrastructure planning.

Use and transport cargo fleet and is strongly influenced by the need for better productivity and merchandise distribution planning. The main information used for dispatching and route planning to reduce delivery time and cost of merchandise are offered using GPS. Fleet operation is an operation, which refers to the management of vehicles, routes, workers using technologies such as vehicle tracking, telemetric and smart tracking. Thanks to its easy implementation, advanced fleet management systems require thorough surveillance fuel economy, driver behavior, and other things useful to collect data such as mileage, speed, braking mode, and fuel consumption. This information purchased through the vehicle's onboard computer and analyzed with data analytics, companies can produce valuable insights fleet.

Fig. 10: Fleet management system CAN DO

AT&T Fleet Management Solutions

Provide the vehicle, asset tracking, and advanced monitoring tools your organization needs to get the right information to the right people—so your mobile fleet can be more efficient, profitable, and customer-focused.

AT&T Fleet Management provides wireless monitoring and software management solutions that reduce costs while boosting productivity and safety. By eliminating time-consuming administrative processes, you can reduce driver error and keep mobile workers focused on core responsibilities

AT&T designs solutions that provide real-time route optimization, automatic reporting of vehicle conditions, maintenance scheduling, and tools that can help drivers comply with HOS regulations. With Fleet Management from AT&T, you can maximize fleet performance while avoiding unnecessary fuel, insurance, and liability costs.

AT&T Fleet Management solutions:

AT&T Fleet Center;

AT&T Fleet Complete;

AT&T Fleet Manager;

AT&T Fleet Driver Center.

AT&T Mobile Fleet Solutions allow dispatchers to send delivery schedules and manifests directly to a driver’s mobile device. Drivers can collect job data on-site, document proof of delivery and even submit timecard information, quickly and in a highly secure manner.

AT&T provides ways to that can help you control labor and fuel.

Fleet efficiency requires a smart maintenance strategy. Real-time wireless data and automatic reporting of vehicle status can help identify when to schedule routine maintenance—and when to avoid expensive repairs.

AT&T Fleet Management Solutions provide the tools you need to improve response times and customer satisfaction. Automated dispatch and real-time location tracking improve fleet performance while giving your customers narrower, more reliable estimates for deliveries and service times.

Integrate distribution management systems

A standard system of distribution of goods needs the performance and productivity targets to be set for different operational tasks

Their classification can be done by following subsystems:

Storage (picking productivity, cost per item, the employment of labor, etc.)

Transport (utilization rate of vehicle utilization, cost per km, the percentage of orders fulfilled, etc.)

Inventory management (orders, stock output, the percentage of orders fulfilled, etc.).

Distribution Management System (DMS) is defined as a collection of applications for the efficient and safe monitoring and control of the entire distribution network. It provides a decision-support control room and the plot assist operational staff in monitoring and controlling the Logistics as for Distribution Management System implemented an information and communications technology (ICT) and information platform for carriers.

The importance of the ICT platform:

Reduce the total number of vehicles circulating in urban areas;

Reduce negative impacts (air and noise pollution, energy consumption and the risk of accidents);

Improve economic and social growth of the city.

Information and communications technology help improve the traffic flow. Help comes to traffic participants from point of view of choosing best route, timing of deliveries, scheduling goods.

Information and communication technology that can increase the effectiveness of managing traffic flow is achieved and simultaneously help mitigate the negative side and pollutant emissions, accidents and congestion.

Information and communications technology built on an important platform for integration applications in providing real-time information on the status of operational logistics and transport applications based on software. Software can come and transform logistics support, which is necessary due to cost and service requirements but due to changes in consumer and retailer.

Shipping goods between warehouses and stores with the help of transport vehicles is an expensive operation in terms of both capital and operating costs.

Solid distribution of goods in urban areas is a live action necessary in developing the capacity of cities, because the products arrive on time at their destination, especially in the retail sector.

From this point of view, the distribution system must provide quality service to customers, but shows higher performance and use of vehicles to be stable economically.

Information and Communications Technology Platform is presented as developed and integrated with other functionality that can handle the increasing number and quality of information, a company should also have the opportunity to receipt of further fleet.

For example: mobile terminal can be integrated with wireless communications systems (GPRS, GSM, and Wi-Fi) and interfaced with the vehicle – Controller Area Network (CAN).

It integrates facts:

the vehicle into the information system informing;

the user in real time of position;

status;

consumption;

other relevant parameters of the vehicle of a fleet.

Fig. 11: Information and Communication – Route analysis structure

Software solutions

ISupply FM platform is a state-of-the-art freight management system that totally automates the management, including automated carrier transactions, cost and recharge management and analysis, invoice reconciliation and freight tracking.

ISupply FM can work as stand-alone system or can be integrated with you existing business systems –current integrations include Microsoft Dynamics, Prism, JD Edwards, Oracle, SAP, Java, Streamline, i2, Momentum Pro, BPCS, Exonet, Movex, Manhattan and Exceed.

ISupply FM automates the capture of your freight movements as they progress through external carrier or internal distribution networks.

ISupply FM captures this information electronically and matches it to the carrier’s contract and customer’s delivery window; providing easy enquiries, carrier performance analysis and real-time alerting for KPI exceptions.

Network & Supply FM is integrated with a PDA Communications Server that electronically internal carrier (vehicle) manifests to PDA units for delivery finalization.

ISupply FM Reporting module provides you with a standard set of reports that you can run to view the status of consignments, freight expenditure and carrier performance within your facility. It utilizes Microsoft’s SQL Reporting Services to get right information to the right people, at the right time. Features include extensive drill-through and drill-down capabilities, multiple rendering options (e.g. PDF, Excel, Word, HTML, and CSV), user subscriptions to automate report delivery (e.g. Email), report execution scheduling.

ISupply FM’s Business Intelligence suite is designed for high-speed data analysis and user defined report design. With iSupply BI, you can monitor all aspects of your distribution operations and performance. Previously, this type of analysis was only available using costly consultancy services.

eCommerce Control Systems (eCS) is Logistic System International (LSI’s) scheduling and monitoring module, which is responsible for executing interface programs automatically at scheduled intervals in addition to the alerting of import/export exceptions.

Fig. 12: iSupply process

KEWILL MOVE® platform software

A single platform to monitor, manage and improve your global logistics network for multimodal transportation and warehousing. Kewill makes it possible by delivering a single platform to support trade, transport, and store, comply, manage, and integrate – giving you levels of global visibility and control, you never thought possible.

With on-premises and SaaS/Cloud deployment options, the Kewill MOVE® platform contains:

Trade: from order-to-invoice and from full container to parcel, manage global, regional and local logistics shipments including freight forwarding, transportation and warehousing. Gain earlier insight into potential supply issues and trade barriers and better manage network volatility;

Transport: benefit from multimodal transportation expertise and capabilities that are unmatched in the industry. More effectively manage air, sea, rail and road requirements for full-load, less than truck load, pallet and parcel deliveries on a local, national, regional or global scale;

Store: improve the efficiency of your warehouse management and inventory management processes. Provide inventory visibility to your suppliers and customers and connect to wireless technology to improve operator productivity;

Comply: actively manage customs and trade compliance and stay informed of changing trade regulations around the world. Kewill provides connections to a multitude of different local customs applications – removing the burden from you;

Manage: gain a holistic view of your logistics network with end-to-end visibility across your most critical supply chain execution processes. Dashboards, key performance indicators (KPI) and proactive alerting will change the way you manage your business;

Integrate: improve external collaboration and B2B integration with your critical trading partners by removing the geographic and technical constraints that hinder your efficiency.

Fig. 13: KEWILL MOVE® platform

MES platform software

The software platform comprises 26 independent modules across the 4 main areas of manufacturing operations as defined by the ISA-95 model.

It is possible to select only the modules needed to meet an initial requirement, but over time, more modules can be added as the scope increases, to build an Enterprise MES platform.

Inventory Management: Create, track, and manage lots of materials/handling units, from raw materials, to semi-finished and finished goods to enable traceability.

Keep a tight control on inventory and reduce working capital;

Track lots of raw materials, semi-finished and finished goods, from goods-in to the warehouse in the MES software;

Implement full traceability in both directions from product made to materials consumed, or materials consumed to products affected;

Synchronize real-time inventory with the ERP.

Label Printing: Automatically print bar-code labels as product is produced. Automatically use different label templates.

Print labels automatically, on demand, at the point of production;

Label received goods, WIP and finished goods e.g. pallets, boxes, cartons, containers, skids;

Set up numerous templates for different situations: internal labels, shipping labels, final labels;

Display accurate information such as part number, description, lot number, next operation, safety, and hazard warning.

Traceability – Consumption: Track material lot numbers as they are consumed in manufacturing production processes. Improve stock accuracy, meet traceability requirements;

Build Traceability: Enhance traceability to track serialized parts;

Warehouse – Logistics: Manage in-bound & out-bound deliveries. Capture traceability data at shipping. Manage internal material movement orders (replenishment) and deliveries. Track orders and materials in the warehouse. Link with the ERP.

Fig. 14: MES platform software

5 Specific technology / solution: Special software for freight distribution systems

Software tools for freight distribution optimization

The totality of technical and organizational business processes and is sending goods and a service from producer to consumer is defined as a single operation called 'distribution of goods'.

It appeared the necessity to adapt the distribution system more social and economic environment changes, based on multiple characteristics and requirements. As a central element of economic expansions, freight transport has an important role within it. Companies today used specify although land transport has brought criticism from urban areas due to the negative impact it has on the environment.

The economy of a country relies heavily on freight transport industry because it provides many jobs. As the negative aspects of freight, transportation may be remembered COGEST and environmental disorders that affect quality of life. The quality of services is directly related to decisions regarding settings. The next step is the transmission network constraints adapting economic, geographic, organizational, and quality.

When planning a shipment of goods into account the following aspects: location and network design, vehicle routing and scheduling, determining a route and staff for each operation.

The need and opportunity presented by intermediaries in the distribution chain are justified through the functions they perform. Specific distribution functions can be reduced to:

Available: when the consumer needs this product, delivered in an accessible and adequate objected possession.

Information about the position, the company achieved a flow of information in two ways: from producer to consumer (severance related product characteristics) and from consumer to producer (potential new markets, current marketing problems, the competitive market);

Creation function of demand, supported through the provision of business process client side having an adequate level of services, shopping company defining it and its means of persuasion.

Movement of goods from manufacturer to consumer is achieved through the operation of the distribution of goods. This role is fulfilled through the following activities and processes.

Fig. 15: Freight distribution

Freightview software

The software Freightview is a standalone transportation management system designed for small to midsize businesses that ship less-than-truckload (LTL) freight and work with multiple carriers or brokers.

The software Freightview gathers all of its users’ negotiated LTL rates into one place, allowing them to compare options. Users can also schedule pickups, prepare bills of lading, print shipping labels, and track shipments.

Freightview’s visualization capabilities allow users to convert their shipping data into charts, graphs, reports and spreadsheet downloads. It also features a unified address book, which prevents users from ever having to enter addresses twice.

Freightview's consolidated interface saves users time and resources, so they do not have to create and remember login credentials for several different websites. In addition, it boasts a fast setup time.

Fig. 16: Freightview software interface

PlanTools™

Shippers, carriers, brokers, forwarders, and 3PLs use PlanTools™ state of the art transportation planning technology to Maximize service and Minimize Cost.

With PlanTools™ software they can evaluate all the possible transportation modes, routes, and consolidation opportunities to produce the best overall plan every day – with the speed and flexibility to stay in tune with fast-changing customer requirements.

PlanTools™ solves complex real-world transportation problems:

Consolidated LTLs into Multi-Stop Truckloads;

Direct LTL;

Multiple Pool (cross-dock) options, at origin, destination or both;

Dedicated Fleet vs. Common Carrier;

Intermodal vs. Truckload pool;

Continuous Truckload moves for backhaul or interplant movements;

Drayage to Intermodal.

PlanTools™ software provides route optimization as a stand-alone application or integrates with your existing Transportation Management Systems (TMS).

PlanTools™ route optimization software takes input information about a set of shipments due to be delivered within a limited time frame (typically a couple of days in the future, or maybe up to a week from now) and determines the lowest cost combination of those shipments over a variety of transportation modes including less-than-truckload (LTL), full or partial truckloads, intermodal and pool distribution or common carrier vs. private fleet to take advantage of the economies.

Multiple origins to multiple destinations–either inbound or outbound or a combination. Supports planning "continuous moves" in which an outbound truck empties, then picks up inbound freight for a round trip combines freight based on weight, cubic volume or trailer length utilization factors.

FastPlan™ is a flexible and easy to use planning interface that lets the user review and edits the optimization results. Users may add, move or delete shipments from loads or even manually build completely new loads.

ActivePlan™ is PlanTool’s™ innovative continuous load planning tool that integrates computer aided optimization all the way through the daily transportation planning cycle.

ActivePlan™ lets load planners react to changing requirements in real time where loads may be dispatched and shipments are added, updated, and cancelled. ActivePlan™ facilitates the process of continuous optimization route planning by allowing the user to:

Respond quickly to added, deleted or modified shipments during the load planning cycle;

Rapidly slot last minute shipments into existing loads;

Pre-dispatch partial loads to get carrier capacity commitment, while still adding shipments to them;

Re-optimize the plan repeatedly with only selected loads, and shipments.

Fig. 17: PlanTool’s™ software

MJCs freight software

MJCs freight planning and logistics management software provides strategic and real-time optimization functionality for multimodal freight logistics and container transport operations:

Logistics Planning: logistics scheduling – intermodal transport – inventory control

Real-time Dispatch: dispatch scheduling – traffic control systems

Intermodal Optimization: strategic logistics optimization – multi-modal freight

Freight Forwarding: freight logistics optimization – container load software.

The MJC provides integrated, configurable software solutions which plan and optimize all aspects of the maritime logistics network in real-time, including port operations, intermodal transport, hauler assignment, employee schedules, container repositioning and depot/terminal operations.

Our intermodal logistics optimization solutions are capable of optimizing thousands of container movements in seconds, and can respond dynamically to real-time events such as delays, last-minute schedule changes, congestion, etc. Typical applications of our intermodal software include:

Transport optimization: schedule haulers, rail operators, feeder vessels and barges to minimize costs;

Freight matching: schedule freight matching combinations to save distance and reduce carbon footprint;

Container load planning: optimize container load plan (integration with cargo loading software);

Port & terminal management: optimization of port activity and terminal space utilization – reduced terminal/gate costs;

Container inventory planning: container loading program optimization to reduce inventory levels;

Strategic intermodal optimization: integrated planning and scheduling of the supply chain.

MJCs dynamic planning software can schedule and re-schedule haulage movements in real-time, receiving information such as location and transport order status to automatically update the transport schedule and re-issue it to haulers, continuously optimizing the operation as the day evolves.

Benefits of implementing our freight systems include reduced haulage costs, more efficient use, and reuse of containers, increased adherence to schedule and more flexible customer service. Our port software optimization modules drive efficient operation in terminals and ports with reduced congestion and lower gate and container handling/storage costs.

MJCs strategic planning software optimizes the assignment of work to haulage, shipping, and transport suppliers, minimizing costs while increasing flexibility and reducing response times. Our freight planning systems are designed for complex transport and logistics management problems, including intermodal operations, dynamic or fluctuating volumes, tightly constrained delivery networks, and complex pricing models.

Our freight forwarding software tools offer an integrated cargo software solution, which can be used both for operational consignment planning and for strategic optimization and freight broker price negotiation.

Real-time integration with other corporate systems such as truck brokerage software, airfreight broker software, cargo logistics software, container loading software, or freight tracking software is straightforward.

Fig. 18: MJCs truck software

6 Specific technology / solution: Automatic warehousing systems and handling systems

Warehouse systems

Warehousing is the operation of storage of goods on a large scale in a manner, which facilitates easier access to them when needed them.

In elsewhere, storage is the storage of goods in large amounts from the acquisition until they are actually introduced on market. Storage is one of the most important activities of trade. It creates an extra time by bringing together the lost time from production of goods to their consumption.

Before distribution lines, storage is an important activity in the sharing of goods with as a starting point an initial product, continue with its processing, ultimately resulting product supply network finites.

Face part of the supply chain works and I political roles and objectives should synchronize its supply chain objectives. There is a stand-alone element of the activity is an important part of the entire distribution network.

The warehouse may be better known as the distribution center allowing transport of goods from factory to client.

Current habits and pressure distribution to the line brings a considerable increase in operating pliers levels, easing inventory realization, reducing the time and costs, making changes to the structure of supply chain and warehouse positions within the supply chain network.

Fig. 19: Warehouses within the supply chains network

A warehouse reorganizes and repackages product.

The reorganization of product takes place through the following physical processes:

Inbound processes

Receiving

Put away

Outbound process

Order – picking

Checking, packing, shipping

Fig. 20: Physical processes

Functions of the warehouse:

Receiving: cargo input downloading, verifying, recording receipts and decide storing goods received in the warehouse.

Inspection: quality and quantity check of the incoming goods for their required characteristics.

Repackaging: Incoming lot may be having non-standard packaging which may not be stored as it is in the respective location. In those cases, these materials have to be repacked in unit loads/pallet loads suitable for storage.

Put away: Binning and storing the goods in their respective locations including the temp locations from the receiving docking area.

Storage: Binning the approved material in their respective locations.

Order-Order picking / selection: Goods are selected from order picking stock in the required quantities and at the required time to meet customer orders.

Sortation: This enables goods coming into a warehouse to be sorted into specific customer orders immediately on arrival. The goods then go directly to order collation.

Packing and shipping: Picked goods as per the customer order are consolidated and packed according to customer order requirement.

Cross-docking: Move products directly from receiving to the shipping dock – these products are not at all stored in the specific locations.

Replenishing: This is the movement of goods in larger order quantities.

The Warehouse Management System may reorganize the list to match the layout and operations of the warehouse for greater efficiency.

Warehouse Management and Physical Distribution are important flow control activities in the supply chain network. The quality of warehousing and distribution management can have major impact on corporate performance and profitability.

A warehouse management system (WMS) is just software to track and manage warehouse activities. It is generally built around an industrial strength relational database. At minimum, the database tracks all product arriving and all product shipped out.

Other available functionality:

Virtual warehouses (stocks)support;

Preparation of the warehouse for put away;

Receiving extra ware;

Receiving measuring product by parts;

Weight control;

Certification control;

Control during process of manufacturing;

Random control;

Single control;

Integration with the product manufacturing processes;

ISM (unstuck manufacturing);

Integration with conveyor(interfaces to control conveyor diverts and other MHErequirements);

Goods compatibility control;

Handling loads of extreme dimensions;

Loads labeling;

Palletize and Applicator handling;

Vehicle loading optimization;

Re-loading;

Technologies:

Database: the system can be integrated with the following DBMS: Oracle, Sybase, MS SQL, PostgresSQL, IBM DB2.Integration with any DBMS allows customers the possibility to reduce total ownership costs and use customary DBMS.

Operational System: based on UNIX (Linux) platform, while clients applications are run under Windows Unix.

RF equipment: devices based on wireless technologies enable you to increase performance and improve logistics management.

Barcode technology: a label with a barcode is applied to loads. Depending on the standard, the barcode can encode any information such as product profile, expiration date and others. It is used for unique identification of the loads.

RFID: The difference between this and working systems based on barcode is the possibility of removing the line of sight between the scanner and tag data as it is read by wireless product and not by scanning the label

.

Fig. 21: Warehouse management solution

Fig. 22: Warehouse systems

Handling and picking systems and equipment

Handling a distribution center or warehouse will have a major impact on how the material flow is achieved in terms of cost, resources and time needed to reach customer orders.

Materials handling operation represents their surface transportation and storage plant and transport. The surgery is done in the framework handling all supply chain departments including production, distribution, and storage

It often creates confusion between performance handling system and production system performance. Information on the behavior of the system is more complex due to several performance measures.

Various methods of handling goods are used in warehousing, from manual through to automated or robotic systems, and a broad categorization could be:

Manual handling;

Manually operated trucks and trolleys;

Powered trucks and tractors, operator controlled and driven;

Powered trucks and trolleys, driverless, computer-controlled;

Crane systems;

Conveyors;

Robotics.

Regardless of the product handled, or the picking method and equipment used, locating product by the frequency of picks should be incorporated into the system design. The fastest moving product should be stocked as close to the pick point as possible.

Handling system is classified as:

– mechanized,

– Semi automated,

– Automated

– Information driven

Picking methods vary greatly depending on the difficulty of choosing the best method reported in surgery that must be done. The choice of picking is affected by a number of factors such as product features to handle, the total number of transactions, the total number of orders, picks command unit in stock Number of stocks in storage, value-added processing and labeling, etc. Often it takes a combination of methods to handle picking various product features

By designing an operation were picking objectives such as increased productivity, reduced cycle time, and increasing accuracy. In many cases, picking operation is focused on a specific objective: for example by providing productivity, growth is done in a long time.

Piece-picking methods

Piece picking, also known as broken case picking or pick/pack operations, describes systems where individual items are picked. Piece pick operations usually have a large sku base in the thousands or tens of thousands of items, small quantities per pick, and short cycle times.

Picking basic command: storage is fixed in static shelving or rack pallet. One of Order deals with its takeover chasing a route of each color until the entire job choice. Pick selectors will use some type of basket. The route that command formulator chooses to be finalized closer to the point of departure. Picking document should be sorted in the same order as pickles and flow of picking. Products can be transported more quickly stored around the main aisle, aisle cross and additional cross aisles. Materials with high overall flow are stored at the end of the election. The method is reliable in case of a small number of orders related to a size of the order. For small orders, they would need to be done in a shorter time and if there is a risk that large orders processed due to congestion will slow more pickers operating in the same area.

Batch picking / Multi-picking batch picking, multiple orders are grouped in small batches. One of Order will use an enhanced choice list to determine the order of selection of products. Mainly using a basket picking. Usually, the selector will use a multilevel picking basket maintain a separate tote or carton trolley for each order. A batch size varies between 4 and 12 orders per batch, depending on the average number of items per order. Batch picking systems can use logic to consolidate orders expanded the program with the same elements. When operating with fewer orders containing products can reduce travel time then additional choices when making your access selector area. As more orders are, processed simultaneously need systems and procedures designed to avoid mixing controls. In busy operations, batch picking is often used in combination with the picking and automated materials handling equipment. To achieve maximum productivity in batch operation of choice, it needs to be accumulated orders in the system until they are sufficiently similar to create loads. We do not accept delays in the operation of maritime transport on the same day.

Zone picking: zone picking is the order-picking version of the assembly line. Within it, there are many individual areas as a result of splitting the main area. A collector usually is been assigned a specific area and subsequently the products in that area. After it completed the picking a zone move to the next area. The main purpose of carriers is the transfer orders from one area to another. When operating in a particular area is important to achieve a balance of the number of products in each area to maintain a consistent flow. The design of an area easily allows simultaneous operation of 2 gatherers. Creating areas near the conveyor rapid selection is essential in achieving high productivity in the picking area. Zone picking is most effective in large operations, with a large number of SKU's debt, a high total number of orders, and low to moderate picks per order. Separate also to specialized techniques, such as collected materials handling systems have automatic and manual handling area to another.

Wave picking: A variation on picking and batch picking area where they first collect all areas and are sorted and consolidated in May Apor according to individual orders. That’s the quickest method of choice for large orders there is a risk of a long time spent at sorting and consolidation. Operations with high total number of SKUs and picks moderate to large order can benefit from picking wave. Wave picking can be used to isolate the orders of some operators, routes, or areas.

Piece-picking equipment:

As with the picking methods, the picking equipment used will also depend on a variety of factors.

Static shelving: Product is placed either directly on the shelving or in corrugated, plastic, or steel parts bins. Static shelving is economical and is the best method where there are few picks per SKU or where parts are very small.

Carton flow rack: is similar to static shelving with the exception that rather than shelves, there are small sections of gravity conveyor mounted at a slight angle. Carton flow rack is most useful where there is a very high number of picks per SKU.

Carousels: horizontal carousels provide very high pick rates as well as high storage density. Pick-to-light systems are often integrated into carousels. Vertical carousels are frequently used in laboratories and specialty manufacturing operations and are rarely used in regular order picking operations.

Automatic storage and retrieval systems (ASRS): an ASRS is a system of rows of rack, each row having a dedicated retrieval unit that moves vertically and horizontally along the rack, picking and putting away loads. ASRS systems are available in mini-load types that store and transfer product on some type of tray or in bins, and unit-load types that transfer and store pallet loads or other large unitized loads.

Automatic picking machines: fully automated picking machines (such as A-frames) are still pretty rare and are used only where very high volumes of similar products are picked such as music CDs, or, where high volume in combination with high accuracy requirements exist such as pharmaceutical fulfillment.

Pick-to-light: Pick-to light systems consist of lights and LED displays for each pick location. The light will designate which order you should be placing the picked items in.

Bar-code scanners: bar-code scanners in a fast-paced piece-pick operation tend to become cumbersome and can significantly reduce your pick rates

Voice-directed picking: Voice technology has come of age in recent years and is now a very viable solution for piece pick, case pick, or pallet pick operations.

Automated conveyor and sorting systems: automated conveyor systems and sorting systems will be integral to any large-scale piece pick operation. The automated version of gravity roller conveyor, automated roller conveyor is used extensively in large conveyor systems. A version of automated roller conveyor called Zero-Pressure Accumulating Conveyor is especially useful in avoiding the pressure buildup, which normally occurs when product accumulates at a stationary operation.

Case-picking methods

Case picking operations tend to have less diversity in product characteristics than piece picking operations, with fewer SKUs and higher picks per SKU.

Basic case-picking method: the simplest picking method is to use a hand pallet jack (or motorized pallet truck) and pick cases out of bulk floor locations however many operations will find that going to very narrow aisle (VNA) pallet racking and using man-up order selectors or turret trucks will provide high storage density and high pick rates.

Batch picking: is rarely used in case pick operations primarily because of the physical size of the picks.

Zone picking: if you do have a case pick operation where you have a large number of SKUs, and orders with small quantities per SKU, or where you have enough cases per order per zone to fill a pallet, you may find zone picking applicable.

Wave picking: can be applied to case picking operations where you have very large orders with many picks per order and are looking for ways to reduce cycle time.

Case-picking equipment.

Pallet rack: is the most common storage system for case pick operations.

Fig. 23: Pallet rack

Flow rack. Although carton flow rack rarely applies to case pick operations, pallet flow rack or push back rack can be useful.

Carousels: you can incorporate unit-load carousels into a case pick operation; it tends to be an unlikely match-up.

Automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRS): ASRS systems can be useful in case-pick operations.

Pick-to-light: can be used in case-pick operations

Bar-code scanners: are frequently used in case-pick operations

Voice-directed picking: voice technology has come of age in recent years and is now a very viable solution for piece pick, case pick, or pallet pick operations.

Automated conveyor and sorting systems: if using zone or wave picking, automated conveyor and sorting systems will likely be a part of your system. In case picking, you may use standard conveyors to transport individual cases or unit-load conveyors to transport pallets.

Fig. 24: Automatic conveyor

Lift trucks: motorized pallet trucks, man-up order selectors, and man-up turret trucks are the vehicles of choice for case-pick operations.

Fig. 25: Lift trucks

Full-pallet-picking methods

Full-pallet picking is also known as unit-load picking. The systematic methods for full-pallet picking are much simpler that either piece pick or case pick, however, the choices in storage equipment, storage configurations, and types of lift trucks used are many.

Basic pallet picking: orders are picked one at a time. The order picker will use some type of lift truck, retrieve the pallet load and stage it in a shipping area in a staging lane designated for that order, or just pick and load directly into an outbound trailer or container…

Zone and wave picking: the storage area is broken into zones to eliminate multiple lift-truck operators from picking in the same aisle. The lift truck operator may pick the pallet and deliver it directly to the designated staging lane or place it on a unit-load conveyor that will deliver it to the sorting/staging area.

Task interleaving: task interleaving is a method of combining picking and put away. Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) use logic to direct a lift truck operator to put away a pallet en route to the next pick.

Pallet-picking equipment.

Pallet rack

ASRS; Automated conveyor and sorting systems

Bar-code scanners

Voice-directed picking

Lift trucks.

Loading/unloading systems and equipment

Industrial sites

Sites and industrial areas, including manufacturing, warehousing, distribution centers and freight facilities, is an important part of every concussion. Industrial sites should be designed with consistent quality to complement the surroundings

Within the industrial site, design must consider:

Access to the loading dock yard;

Staging area with storage length for trucks queuing to access the loading dock yard;

Sidewalks for pedestrians away from the path travelled by trucks and other vehicles;

Separate truck access or truck-only designated areas; passenger cars should be parked away from the loading area;

Adequate space for truck turning maneuvers;

Sufficient space to accommodate the expected number of trucks;

Landscaping and buffering to ensure that the noise of trucks and lighting of the yard do not impact surrounding land uses;

Height clearances

Security considerations.

General design strategies:

Find buildings on site in the idea of balancing the access requirements of the trucks and the impact of urban design. In more urban areas, the front of the building may need to be close to the street to meet distance from surrounding buildings and to facilitate access for pedestrians and cyclists, as specified in municipal zoning-law.

Establish design standards that rely on local ones in terms of color schemes, construction materials, building mass and height, architecture, landscape and character of the surrounding community.

Provide green spaces, landscaped strips, or noise walls between industrial parks and sensitive land uses.

Locate loading docks and garbage pick-up areas away from sensitive land uses and away from the street to reduce visual and noise impacts.

Locate buildings that require fewer freight movements closer to adjacent sensitive uses in order to block the visual, noise and other impacts from buildings with busier loading docks.

Locate access roads that will accommodate large volumes of freight traffic away from adjacent sensitive uses.

Consider including land beams to reduce impacts of light on surrounding land uses.

The industrial site design provides multiple bays for loading docks. Spaces have been reserved for small trucks to park and access the building. These spaces are located so that the deliveries can be made without crossing the loading bays.

Fig. 26: Industrial site design

Retail sites

Sites selling as shops and restaurants are found in all communities. These can be grouped in the center of downtowns or rural intersections with design .A site selling specific areas should always consider the main routes for customers arriving on foot, bike, car, or transit vehicle. General design strategies:

Encourage truck deliveries to be made during off peak shopping and dining hours to facilitate better access for trucks and automobiles, transit, cyclists and pedestrians.

Separate truck accesses from main pedestrian, cyclist and transit accesses.

Develop access roads to the interior of any truck to help move them by a sufficient number of cross-sections, wide lanes and border rare, and a direct connection between the main road and delivery points

Loading docks should be located at the back of the building or on the side, away from the main road frontage and away from the main pedestrian entrance.

Provide buffers in the form of landscaping, screens, or walls to reduce the visual, noise and light impact from adjacent land uses.

Separate truck parking from private automobile parking.

Provide parking in the loading dock area for longer trucks in order to properly accommodate the types of vehicles that will service a facility. Pull through spaces may be an appropriate application for longer trucks.

Fig. 27: Retail site design

Unit-load

A task unit combines individual items or articles in a single unit representing a sea container that can be easily transported by a pallet jack or forklift truck. A task unit deals with tightening packages in a warehouse rack, intermodal containers, trucks, wagons and can still be easily separated at a distribution point, usually a distribution center, wholesale, shop, and so on

Most industrial products are transported along the supply chain in the form of Peter unified task at least part of their distribution cycle uniform batches make possible handling, storage and starring easier

A standard unit load could be formed from corrugated cardboard boxes stacked on a pallet or slip-sheet and stabilized with stretch film, pressure sensitive tape, tied or shrink-wrap.

Unit load design:

Component based: is the outmoded ad-hoc method of unit load design. Components are sometimes over specified to get assured performance, or tested to get inexpensive economic performance. Unit load storage and distribution systems consist of several interacting parts:

Packaging and labeling (with product)

Pallet

Handling/Storage Equipment

The distribution environment

Systems based: is a proven process of unit load component cost optimization based on an understanding of how the pallet, packaging, and material handling equipment interact during product distribution and storage to design the unit load component parts. Factors considered in unit load systems based design include:

Distribution Vibration and Resonance

Load Bridging and Deformation

Unit Load Deflections

Interfacial friction and load stability

Compression stress and product protection

Vertical and horizontal stabilization

Standards compliant

The efficiency of a task unit may be established in accordance with its standard validation. Unit Loads are transported using several different types of vehicles to storage areas.

The tasks of the unit must be designed so they can be moved through any type of vehicle at a variety of locations consequently; there are many similarities in terms of long-term storage and long distance transport of unit loads.

The way the unit is loaded or unloaded (using pallets, containers, roll or cage) is determined based on the nature and characteristics of the materials that pass through the distribution chain here as it is a wide range of products with packaging and sizes for various types. This may appear as a more important factor for basic operations against the strategic influence.

However, in the warehouse, this does not affect the choice of equipment or storage system. In a broader context, transport operations will be affected in terms of loading and unloading as well as the use of the vehicle.

The machines are forced to be there to try and download products. It also reduces surgery time losses due to handling and its necessary price represents a typical load pallet unit, as usually are dealing also with standardized requirements in terms of space jobs and pallets device dimensions are an integral part of any system for handling and storage of common basic materials for a wide range of shops and warehouses.

A pallet is a flat transport structure that transports goods in a stable manner, while it is lifted by forklift, pallet jack or other lifting device. A pallet is the foundation of a charging unit, which is as simple as placing the goods on a pallet and providing them with straps, plastic film, or a mini container.

A truck is designed to carry pallets at the receiving dock to a location where it will be kept in storage until its request by the leader of a forklift client.

Then it will be moved towards a maritime transport trailers intended, located on the docks.

Fig. 28: Flow of unit load

Equipment’s:

Hand pallet trucks: with capacities up to a max of 2 tones, are probably the most commonly used trucks for the horizontal movement of pallets.

Counter balanced fork-lift trucks: Counterbalanced fork-lift trucks carry the payload forward of the front wheels, so there is always a turning moment lending to tip forward. To balance this, a counter balance weight is built into the rear of the machine-hence the name. These machines capacity varies from 1000kgs to 45,000 kgs with a lift height of up to 6/7 meters.

Reach truck: Reach trucks are designed to be smaller and lighter than counter-balanced trucks and to operate in a smaller area. Its capacity varies from 1000kgs to 3,500 kgs with a max force-lift up to about 11 meters.

Double reach trucks

Four directional reach trucks

Stacker trucks

High rack stacker trucks

Order picking trucks

Conveyor systems for unit load handling: are used for moving material between fixed points, for holding material as short-term buffer, for sortation and for process industry applications such as separation, grading and cooling.

7 Specific technology / solution: Storage systems for transport

It is imperative that exist in stocks of goods trade because marfurior circulation is closely related to creating and maintaining inventories (stock cannot exist without the movement of goods).

A stockpile of goods is determined by their need. Factors that determine stocks and storage locations are: production, consumption, circulation, and peculiarities of transportation.

Factors specific movements of goods, which are required to have stocks of products, are:

Transformation, sorting and production in commercial operation who made deposits of successive recordings of goods from various suppliers;

A normal grocery stores and people still do it imperative goods inventories of goods, which most often are stored in warehouses;

Modern commerce features allow handling of large quantities of goods in the warehouses (sometimes order a wagon), the delivery is made in small quantities from a network of retail outlets;

Particularities and needs of an efficient transport which causes supply disruptions and undertake to prevent the existence of stocks of goods in order to perform continuous production and trade currently active;

Existence of State Reserves is closely related to the operation of storage of produced that were not available to the market.

Storage systems perform the following roles:

Businesses that are composed deposits with higher capacity and their products available upon request by the buyer;

Placed properly, reduces delivery time deposits;

Appropriate positioning module reduces delivery time deposits;

Transport a large amount is less developed in comparison with small loads: unlike the transport of small quantities, in this case distant delivery can be a long one.

The functions of a storage system:

Motion functions;

Supply functions;

Types of storage systems for transportation:

Storage shelves (no paddle, but in small containers) use of metal products – chemicals, food and medicines;

Storage by stacking direct transport units that are in range, preservation of common goods delivered directly into bags. Stack size is closely related to the nature and characteristics of the product;

Storage and stacking pallets or crates through which eliminates drawbacks and broadens the range can thus be preserved;

Warehouse on pallets, metal shelves, offers many advantages if storage practicing in large quantities in various structures;

Simple shelving storage on pallets in specific wide range of goods.

Solution of storage systems for transport:

Robust, durable: Efficiency of a storage system is determined by its shape and strength of the structure, regardless of its nature: cabinets, pallets etc. Structuring is being carried out to allow safe storage of goods is a long sip of time. In otherwise both products and workers are exposed to danger.

Space saving: efficiency storage system is also determined and the space it occupies. Its size must be large enough to hold all the items you have, but still keep the deposit in a more organized, less messy and a safe environment for your workers.

Automated: Due agglomeration program by most people but the advance of technology, one of an efficient storage system has already been accomplished whole load automated. In conclusion will be made automatically. This allows for easier storage operations because this activity can be done by operating the storage system automatically, without the need for manual work products (moving them from one place to another and sorting).

Safe structure: storage systems that are proven robust, automated, or large space savers prove to be dangerous because of their design. Chances are workers to pierce hand, there are sharp corners and designs defects that can cause workers or bump your head or minor injuries. Efficiency does not rely only on its basic purpose and the design of safe.

Fig. 29: Storage systems-warehouse solution

Software solution of storage systems for transport:

Oracle FS1-2 flash storage system: Oracle’s premier preferred SAN storage solution, delivers enterprise-grade storage capabilities that are optimized for flash media and engineered with Oracle software.

Using the Quality of Service Plus (QoS Plus) feature, the Oracle FS1-2 flash storage system places data across flash and disk storage to maximize performance, efficiency, and cost based on usage profiles and business priorities.

The Oracle FS1-2 flash storage system takes application – engineered storage to a new level by providing out – of – the – box tuned storage provisioning profiles for Oracle Database and key applications, including Microsoft SharePoint and Exchange.

With the Oracle FS1-2 flash storage system, you can consolidate storage while achieving predictable performance for multiple diverse workloads in enterprise computing or multitenant environments.

Benefits of Oracle FS1-2 software:

Maximized return on Oracle software;

Investments;

Enterprise – grade storage availability for mission-critical applications;

10x to 15x less storage footprint via HybridColumnar Compression;

Optimize efficiency, performance, and cost according to business value;

Faster deployment – less time spent setting up and optimizing key applications.

storEDGE software

storEDGE management software allows users to manage multiple storage facilities within one system and choose which functions their employees can access. This system integrates with gate software, insurance providers, and accounting information.

Users can track delinquent tenants and generate adjustable tax rates, facility specials, and ad hoc invoice. They also receive software updates as they are released so they can continue to run their facilities without any downtime.

With the wonder search feature, users can type in a unit number, note, task item, name, or phone number to locate data within the system.

Each tenant’s profile contains action items, contact notes, billing history and rental history, while the task list allows users to track and assign commotion items in one centralized place.

B. New distribution systems and innovative vehicle concepts using new freight systems with low CO2 and other pollutants

Transport is on the brink of a new era of "smart mobility'' where infrastructure, transport means, travellers and goods will be increasingly interconnected to achieve optimised door-to-door mobility, higher safety, less environmental impact and lower operations costs.

In order to achieve efficiency at system-level, targeted efforts are needed to develop and validate new solutions that can be rapidly deployed, notably on corridors and in urban areas.

They will address transport means and infrastructure and integrate them into a user friendly transport system of smart connected mobility and logistics. Research and innovation on equipment and systems for vehicles, aircraft and vessels will make them smarter, more automated, cleaner and quieter, while reducing the use of fossil fuels.

Research and innovation on smart infrastructure solutions is necessary to deploy innovative traffic management and information systems, advanced traveller services, efficient logistics, construction and maintenance technologies.

The specific objective of this section is to achieve a transport system that is resource-efficient, climate-and environmentally-friendly, safe and seamless for the benefit of all citizens, the economy and society.

Most of the activities involving the transport of goods for urban areas is represented by movement in deliveries to local businesses and private or cargo transport on the last km.

It represents a good economic support, but loads the last mile in urban areas compete for limited public space and creates a number of negative externalities that threaten liveability. In conclusion system freight is a challenge in the final phase of it, both for the city, whose – concerns include the optimization of the capacity and safety of roads for all users and shippers that want to minimize logistics costs without compromising customer service .

When it comes to goods for local area broadcast vehicle transport in about 80% of cases it is especially a truck. Part of a city traffic is represented by transport vehicles, their number depending on city time zone settings of the day. It is expected percentage of transport vehicles within the limits of 8 percent and 67 percent. Overall average closer to the minimum limit, but the impact of these vehicles on city space is significant.

The appearance or increase congestion on urban roads or highways is mostly due to large vehicles, trucks default. They occupy road space for 2 or 3 cars as well, reaching 5 at an intersection.

The economy of an area of a city is greatly affected by activities such as loading and unloading of goods (l / u) activities involving delivery trucks, slow traffic and consumption street parking spaces or other potential uses. In other words, when someone is downloading or uploading goods it occupies space that could be used for retail or by a pedestrian for simple activities output outdoors. Other problems caused by large delivery vehicles include noise, visual intrusion, physical intimidation (pedestrians and cyclists) and traffic accidents.

Climate change and air pollution emissions are causes of delivery trucks fueled by diesel fuel. Public health is endangered persons especially in crowded areas because of pollution caused by such vehicles. Public health problems caused by environmental and emissions can be also seen as a barrier to liveability.

Transporting goods in a city using the truck can be a difficult operation because the city can be an inhospitable place for freight movement. Often, city and traffic planners show a general disregard and misunderstanding of the needs for freight. Many cities do not have adequate space l / u and polls show that l / u bays are occupied illegally by non-freight vehicles up to half the time.

These conditions and trends lay the foundations to create an urban freight transport system which is functional but inefficient, disruptive, and bound to get worse if no one intervenes.

1 Specific technology / solution: Non-conventional vehicles

Application of electric vehicles to freight distribution

The project's priority activities infrastructure for charging electric vehicles as a key action to achieve the objectives of reducing greenhouse gases set by the state legislature.

Technology electric vehicle (EV) comes to help these objectives by providing low-carbon, highly efficient and cost effective transportation.

Electric vehicles (EVS) propulsion using a battery to store electrical energy needed to power motorului.Exista a wide range of these vehicles ranges and different capacities and is connected to a power source to recharge.

This is an important factor in achieving energy efficiency improvements and greenhouse gas reducing greenhouse detail. The technology of electric vehicle (EV supports these goals by providing low-carbon, highly efficient and cost effective transport

The emission of contaminants such as CO, CO2, CH4 etc., in large quantities, climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions and noise pollution in cities, determined, adopting strict measures to reduce contamination levels and better protection of our health and the environment.

Electric vehicles are sold in a number of models that could increase over the next few years. The main component of the electric vehicle is new lithium-ion battery that must be recharged regularly.

In case of a new generation of electric vehicles, it requires proper implementation of charging infrastructure development requirements of their effectiveness.

The development of an intelligent system for charging electric vehicles, which may battery charging when power is available and the economic (control Shedding load) can identify the availability of credit fee at any time (control RFID), can distinguish between many charging points in the same car park (RS-485 communication / Ethernet / 3G), ranging from the slow loading speed, semi-slow and fast (fast Charge control).

Smart charging:

Charging cabinets 230 V single-phase outlet or 400 V three-phase outlets, depending on the charge mode identification and payment via RFID card. For interior points(car parks);

Charging posts 230 V single or double single phase outlet, or 400 V three-phase outlets, depending on charging mode. User identification via RFID card. Ideal for urban environments;

Fast charging station: Ultra – fast direct current charging (500 VDC – 125 ADC).Concept similar to that of a petrol station. Several payment methods.

Different charging solutions for domestic environments:

Different types of socket with cable option and connector;

Protection and metering;

Protection and metering with demand management;

Incorporate a smart management system that can connect to the charging system, ensuring that the contracted power is not exceeded (preventing disconnection;

Connection impossible without a car in the parking space (optional);

Control of demand so as not to exceed contracted power;

Control (optional) of disturbances in the network (Harmonics);

Access control and Prepayment via RFID cards supplied by the car park owner or manager;

Equipment with Ethernet / 3G communications enable the display and management of electrical parameters from a PC.

Car parks, whether public or private, are the ideal place for the specific installation of charging points for electric vehicles, as users feel more secure if their vehicle is connected to an installation that is enabled and controlled around the clock for this type of application.

This application offers all types of solution for charging electric vehicles with additional features such as:

Card payment: With this system, a device is installed with an RFID system card reader. The site administrator supplies them upon payment. The user can charge the vehicle by inserting the card;

Charging equipment with communications systems: with this system, the manager can remotely control the charging process and collect for it according to requirements. It also allows for demand management and optional control of disturbances in the electrical network (harmonics).

Fig. 30: Smart Charging Systems

Implementation parking spaces and fixed rotation proved to be very useful electric vehicles.

The fleet, including maintenance services and transportation here is an important part. Use of electric vehicles would bring many advantages such as low maintenance costs and low levels of contamination in urban areas.

If the plant's electrical control is important can come up with solution loading a large number of vehicles at the same time. Because this is a very important power management with compensation and harmonic, filtering duties between phases when needed.

Fig. 31: Car parks and electric vehicle fleets

Multi-point charging system-software solution

The multipoint system of the RVE family has been designed to offer smart charging for car parks with multiple sockets. Management of the multi-point charging system is very important, as the possibility may arise of several vehicles charging at the same time.

Optimal management of consumption, balancing phases and the harmonics level are necessary for this type of system and installation. This solution offers simultaneous smart charging of a large number of electric vehicles, control of different parameters of the electrical network and the vehicles connected to it, as well as user preferences for total parking space management.

The system also enables payment and billing systems, as well as the export and editing of electric data, such as total and partial consumption, the different problems, and incidents in the electrical network, events, and historical data.

The main features of the master interface are:

Selection of the Schuko type 1 and type 2 charging socket;

Energy log and charging time;

Power control over all slave equipment;

Possibility of external communications with metering equipment such as company electrical energy meters or harmonic filtering equipment;

Possibility of communications with other car park elements such as payment systems that allow the car park manager to receive the information on a PC. Likewise, the communications enable the car park manager to control the status of the electric vehicles and their respective parking spaces.

Fig. 32: Multi-point charging system architecture

To obtain the full benefits of intelligent EV charge scheduling, decisions need to be made at a central location that will optimize the overall system. Other decisions may need to be made locally, without a server wait time, such as when safety is a concern.

A software based system will allow the intelligence to be upgraded (as needed) and the system integrated with other devices and networks as network of devices as shown in Fig. 4.

The server may communicate with any entity interested in the charging of EVs, including the user, the vehicle, the EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment), grid devices, and relevant external entities.

The EV charging systems software based controls may be in the cloud, or on a specific server with internet access. The system is network neutral, it can communicate with the routers that control the EVSEs through Ethernet, Wi-Fi or cell phone data network such as 3G.

The user and vehicle identification are communicated through an internet enable device such as a smart-phone. It is also able to connect other devices to the network in order to accomplish tasks such as inputting user/vehicle ID and charge port ID through RFID or other type of scan and communication systems. The central controller for the current implementation of this system is located on a server connected to the internet.

In an intelligently controlled EV charging system, the controller must obtain basic information to make decisions and fulfill the required tasks such as track users, queue charging, take payment, track power consumption, and allocate resources.

The current implementation of the EV charging system requires the user to have signed up for an account. When the user arrives at a charge port, the vehicle must be connected to an EVSE port and the port ID must be noted in order to relay that information to the control server. Users log into the EV charging system’s control website with an internet enabled device such as a smart phone or a computer, identifying oneself or the vehicle, then choosing from the menus the identification of the charging station and the charge port the vehicle is plugged into.

Fig. 33: Network Architecture of EV charging

Application of other non-conventional vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVS) uses battery powered electrical energy required for processing engine. There supply a wide range of models with different capacities range and, connected to a power source to recharge.

The advance battery technology, vehicle construction lightness and an automatic electric network represents factors that will make electric vehicles more attractive to consumers, businesses and government agencies and support long-term shift to more efficient transport options.

There are two basic types of EVs:

Supply all electric vehicles (AEVs) is made exclusively by means of energy stored in the battery inside the vehicle. This is the only energy source of the vehicle, and if its energy is exhausted, recharge is needed to be functional. Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Nissan Leaf, Tesla Model S and Ford Focus Electric AEVs are examples of currently registered in Vermont.

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) use electricity for a limited distance, and will then use an internal combustion engine to stand on. PHEV are often classified according to their range in electric mode.

A PHEV-10 battery, such as the Toyota Prius Plug-in electric range is approximately ten miles while a PHEV-40, such as the Chevrolet Volt has about forty miles an electric range. Chevrolet Volt, Ford C-MAX and Fusion Energis and Toyota Prius Plug-in are examples of PHEV currently registered in Vermont.

Fig. 34: Types of Plug-in EVs

The measures analyzed include a wide range of technology options and vehicle categories for offering solutions as close to a clean vehicle examples;

Two-wheeled electric vehicles have many positive features, unlike the gasoline (especially on cars), which include low pollution, low noise, high mobility for low-income citizens;

standards imposed on vehicles are designed to reduce the fuel consumption of new vehicle models and reduce their emissions based on distance. It represents an efficient way which accelerates technology innovation, such as the adoption of advanced technologies is a prerequisite for achieving the stringent objectives;

Electric vehicles are well suited for use as taxis and tricycles. In Asia an alternative to motorized tricycle taxi is represented by being used but only for short distances. The distances covered by taxis and tricycles are usually the driving range of electric vehicles scheduled;

In some cities taxis powered by CNG (compressed natural gas) or LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) was implemented in order to reduce air pollution levels. The advantage of using CNG and LPG over other conventional fuels resulting from the low amount of pollutants and noise that they issue (emission of nitrogen oxide is reduced co vehivulele 20% compared to gasoline). However, CO2 benefits vary widely and may be even higher than a diesel powered vehicle effectively;

Electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles charging possibility via a mains have a great opportunity to increase the power of a basic load of network systems.

Battery technology has a strong influence on their development. Hybrid cars today have very little stepped on the road that will lead to full electric vehicles.

As outlined in the Paper Transport and hydrogen economy, nuclear energy is relevant to road vehicles and motor in three ways:

Hybrid electric vehicles and fully as possible using off-peak power from the grid to recharge (but generally still do this). This is electromobility;

Nuclear heat can be used to produce liquid fuels from coal hydrocarbons;

Hydrogen used for oil refining and fuel cell vehicles can be made electrolytically and future reactors using high-temperature thermochemical.

Hybrid electric vehicles that use gas as auxiliary fuel were used in the USA for more than a decade, also thanks to their simplicity. If conventional gas engine is added to an electric vehicle and a rechargeable battery efficiency would increase by 50%, reduce emissions level remains constant

Taking price driven by batteries and other systems has reached a higher cost of hybrids compared to conventional cars. High MPG hybrids, studies show a recovery of the extra cost during the youth in the property.

The Toyota Prius is the best – knownhybrid car of this type. The Mk3 version has a 1.8 litre, 73 kW engine, a 10 kW AC generator/motor, a very small battery and a 60 kW AC synchronous electric motor, all with sophisticated power electronics and controls.

An advanced technology hybrid vehicle is powered by optional gasoline hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), which have a much larger battery. Because of this vehicle would operate largely on electricity accumulated in batteries (it at least for short distances), liquid fuel will be used in very small quantities. However, unlike small hybrid, battery is largely kept filled; PHEV (and full electric vehicles) must be able to completely download repeatedly.

As in the case of hybrids, there are two basic concepts to PHEV:

Parallel: parallel PHEV Prius and Ford Escape is that, with the unit or battery or motor IC, or both;

Series: Series PHEV, like the original Volt GM simply used the engine to charge the battery. With larger batteries, this becomes a motor EV "range extender".

The difference between a hybrid and a plug-in hybrid vehicle is represented by conventional longer battery size used by the plug-in. The battery of a plug-in hybrid vehicle can be driven through distances up to 50 Km without using other fuel. Chevy plug-in Volt is the first mass-produced hybrid, but more models are on the way from Toyota, Ford Hyundai and others.

Plug-in hybrids has several advantages over electric cars, the most important being the principal combat disadvantage: driving distances. The fact that the battery of a plug-in hybrid power remains fare is not at all a problem. The vehicle will be used as one conventional hybrid recharges up a chance arises.

Fig. 35: PlugIn

Full electric vehicles (EVS) also known as battery electric vehicles (BEV). This concept is an extension of the PHEV and a substantially earlier. By way of building incorporated a heavy lead-acid battery used purposes other than motor vehicle. Today a number of manufacturers build EVs with 35 kWh on board, using lithium-ion (lithium or magnesium oxide) batteries and regenerative braking help their fee.

Electric cars that will be on sale have a power consumption of 13-20 kWh / 100 km with 15 kWh / 100 km is at best without the heating or air conditioning into account. A safety problem with EVs is their silence among pedestrians, and some may have an external sound generator operated at speeds under 20 km/h to warn pedestrians.

As a car engine is lower, the amount of fuel consumed will be less. The good news is that gas-sippers simplified econoboxes not uncomfortable, facilities, safety, and performance.

Diesel Vehicles

The efficiency of diesel engines is because of the way their fuel ignition (combustion at high temperature and high compression ratio). In conclusion, it is more advantageous in terms of economical diesel engine use. Considering that a gallon of diesel fuel contains approximately 10% more co energy than a gallon of gasoline fuel economy results up to 25%.The clean diesel vehicles are now available in all 50 states, thanks new pollution control equipment that meet stringent EPA emissions standards.

Loniq will be the first car to build three different options for electric propulsion. These options are electric battery, Conventional Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid. The new green vehicle is also built on its own platform:

"In its fully-electric (EV) form, the IONIQ is powered by a high capacity, ultra-efficient lithium ion battery, RT quotes Hyundai's statement about the Ioniq. The plug-in hybrid (PHEV) version combines a fuel-efficient energy with battery power obtained by charging the car with electricity, boosting its range while cutting its emissions".

The BYD Qin PHEV has a more efficient dual-mode electric powertrain, though it depends more on its petrol motor. It has two 110 kW motors and a 10 kWh lithium-ion iron phosphate battery pack giving electric range of only 50 km. However, a 1.5 liter turbocharged engine enables hybrid performance with 225 kW power and 440 Nm torque. It evolved from the F6DM concept car.

The BYD S6DM is a PHEV SUV. It has a 10 kW electric motor driving the front wheels through a six-speed transmission and a 75 kW one driving the back. A two-liter petrol engine supplements the electrics, either charging the battery pack through the front motor/generator or in parallel hybrid mode in 4WD for most power. Electric range is 60 km.

Example:

The Porsche 911 GT3 R Hybrid has two 60 kW electric motors on the front transaxle supplementing the four-liter rear engine. A flywheel stores energy from regenerative braking and supplies it for brief acceleration.

Jaguar has the C-X75 hybrid with two small gas turbines (each 35 kg) to charge the batteries. Four 145 kW electric motors at each wheel drive the 1350 kg vehicle up to 330 km/h, with total torque of 1600 Nm. It has an electric-only range of 110 km, but a 60-litre fuel tank.

Peugeot's RCZ hybrid has a 1.6-litre diesel engine driving the front wheels and a 27 kW electric motor driving the rear wheels. It has regenerative braking to charge a high-voltage battery pack of unspecified capacity. It may be marketed from early 2011.

In Craiova city, the Urban Logistic Cluster members have complete solution for electric vehicles (truck, car goods distribution 3.5 tones, and car). It takes a caroserier to take over production.

Non-conventional vehicles

C. The UCS (Urban Control Systems), used to support urban logistics, so the operating system logistics support and the cities, in supporting the implementation of the regulatory system and access control.

Urban Control System specialist comes to public attention with some information regarding urban logistics, implementing a regulatory system and access control, security, and monitoring.

Creating a system of management control and optimization in the field of transport, road, freight and all subsystems that contribute to the good functioning.

The fundamentals of this new process management have implemented several systems component technical, operational, and functional.

Management system monitoring, command, control Urban Systems Control consists of:

Subsystem CCTV also known as video surveillance is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors.

The subsystem CCTV with control access functions based on Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) / License Plate Reader (LPR) is a mass surveillance method that uses optical character recognition on images to read vehicle registration plates. They can use existing closed-circuit television or road-rule enforcement cameras, or ones specifically designed for the task and other.

Subsystem parking management: parking management refers to policies and programs that result in more efficient use of parking resources. Parking management includes several specific strategies; nearly two dozen are described in this report. When appropriately applied parking management can significantly reduce the number of parking spaces required in a particular situation, providing a variety of economic, social and environmental benefits. When all impacts are considered, improved management is often the best solution to parking problems.

Subsystem car sharing: car sharing is a model of car rental where people rent cars for short periods, often by the hour. They are attractive to customers who make only occasional use of a vehicle, as well as others who would like occasional access to a vehicle of a different type than they use day-to-day.

Subsystem prioritizing public transport: prioritizing public transport vehicles is an inexpensive option for increasing the accessibility of the area with an average density of population, which currently can be reached only by using highly congested roads.

Subsystem priority emergency vehicles access (ambulance, firefighters etc.): using Intelligent Transportation Systems to provide emergency vehicles a green light at intersections can reduce driver confusion, reduce conflicts, and improve emergency response times.

Subsystem VMS: info panel

Subsystem scanning/distribution of goods vehicle weighing (based on CCTV): weight on motion

Subsystem crediting: bonus or distributors charging for causing incidents/accidents, congestion, traffic, traffic violation etc.

Subsystem alarming/warning: technical malfunctions vehicle, incidents/accidents or road works and bridges, diversion route, traffic congestion etc.

Subsystem command, control intersections, access points: traffic management control, inductive loop, video loop, green wave, sceneries of signal plan in real time, traffic simulation etc.

Subsystem control and verification taxi: use RFID, eCard, access points

Subsystem control/access, bollards/barriers: control access

The advantage of this kind of system is its ability to adapt to the real traffic conditions. The solution provided by the present project, through modern management systems offer flexibility and slots as well as a real-time monitoring of traffic intersections.

In what follows, we will make a brief description of the equipment and technologies that contribute to the development of applications and subsystems, which are presented.

1 Specific technology / solution: Special hardware for distribution management

Palm top for delivery management

Making each operation within the supply chain in a manner as simple will lead to a time (in just moments delivery) won in a while. Rapid transmission of data, scanners board and real-time communications with enterprise data base of operations is required to obtain a greater precision and control time.

In the logistics process, providing information, supplies inventory management and localization operations is accomplished by using barcodes. Switching between Article information and logistic absolute importance is surgery necessary for monitoring goods in logistics environment. There are also so-called 'barcode package', ideal in the process of identifying and automating logistics packages. An important role in the logistics process is the 2D codes Thanks to their ability to store large amounts of information in a very limited space.

Fig. 36: Structure and optimization plan in Transport&Distribution

Portable devices also known brand Palmtop personal digital assistant (PDA) is a component of integrated distribution management system.

PDAs are used for the following purposes:

It helps to better communicate between operator and central control unit that deal with supervision, control, and optimization of distribution services.

Collect on site (stops, some areas of deposits) information on the various activities carried out within a supply chain, in particular deliveries

Fig. 37: The interface of PDA

All PDAs have these characteristics necessary work in order to support operations in any environment:

rugged;

rain and dust resistant;

wide operating temperature range small and lightweight;

rechargeable long life batteries;

tactical keypad;

software and enhanced connectivity (compatibility with application software, communication or peripherals);

Memory and storage (Flash-Rom, RAM and micro-SD).

Technical characteristics vary according to required functionalities:

display: dimension and resolution vary according to customer needs communication: telephone, SMS, text, dual band 802.11 b/g/n and Bluetooth Class II to provide optimal network coverage and support voice and data communication;

audio/video: high quality audio (voice-directed workflow) and video (mega pixel cameras, imaging-based data extraction) to support data collection and transmission, surveillance of on-site operations; scanning performance: capability to scan 1D and 2D bar code, PDF,Data Matrix and UPC codes in all lighting conditions, up to 30cm distance and 35 degree angle;

UHF RFID reader, (different frequency ranges: 865, 915, 950 MHz bands…).

Design and development of portable devices for management distribution of goods would have been done so that they would support specific operations egg:

Track & Trace has become an informal name for the system that is used to track a product along the entire supply chain through standardized reference numbers or barcodes dedicated.

Due to the possibility of real-time location, response time between movement of goods and the availability of up-to-date information is minimized, resulting in increased reliability and data accuracy, and routing.

Programming can be structured with more precision, visibility due to drop-off points during routing. Thanks to mobile communications, technology can achieve coordination of any focal point with the possibility of transmitting instructions clamping near the cargo area. Tracking and tracing keep clear and simple flow of information.

Equipment’s:

The PHL8114 is a Windows CE device equipped with Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and GPRS, EDGE for communication. The strong battery enables usability all day long. The rugged design in combination with the large screen provides a clear overview of the collected information, in order to serve your customers in an effective and accurate way.

Communication between the planning department and the truck drivers on the road is crucial. GSM enables verbal communication and orders are sent out to the mobile devices using GPRS. The truck drivers can give feedback, confirm orders and deliveries, and immediately send back the data to the office for further processing. Reports are generated automatically and coupled with customer data. This creates a transparent environment, with real-time and efficient communication, reducing errors and complexity.

The H19 is an all-in-one, high performance compact smartphone, available with a 1D or 2D scan engine. Windows Mobile 6 on this elegant device serves as a platform for multiple applications. Apart from Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, the H19 is standard equipped with GSM, GPRS, EDGE, and GPS, ideal for navigation and tracking.

Software solutions:

DeliveryExpert™isan Automated Proof of Delivery system (POD) that will optimize your delivery operations resulting in greater efficiency and improved customer service while saving your time and money.

Using a handheld PC, DeliveryExpert™ lets you verify tracking numbers at point of delivery and collect signatures. This information is then transmitted to the organization’s server where you can instantly view all delivery information and track delivery status by truck/route (or any other view) in real time.

DeliveryExpert™ is fully integrated with the SCExpert™ suite and it is easily related to the rest of the supply chain. DeliveryExpert™ lets you capture information about what was delivered, when it was delivered, where it was delivered, and who signed for it and then combines it with the rest of the Supply Chain information.

Key functionality:

Real Time Delivery Tracking

Digital Signature Capture

Dashboard – View Delivery Progress by Route/Truck

Drill Down – View Delivery Detail and Signature

Friendly User Interface

Altiris® Software Delivery Suite™ is a powerful set of tools that allow you to optimize software distribution across your enterprise. You can significantly reduce desk-side visits while supporting your mobile workforce by remotely distributing applications and updates from a Web console.

Fig. 38: The interface of Delivery Suite™ software

Key functionality:

Comprehensive cross platform inventory for all clients in your environment;

Reduce cost and complexity associated with application and OS rollouts and updates;

Mobile-friendly features such as checkpoint restart and dynamic bandwidth throttling;

Faster support resolution with baseline scans, Web Reports, and self-help “one offs” software needs;

Provides a repository that includes information on each software bulletin, such as technical details, severity ratings and number of updates;

Automates patch downloads from vendor site prior to distribution without administrator intervention.

PDA Software Solution

Our PDA software solution is available to wholesalers, distributors, department / retail stores and others who needs constant information with real time data. Accurate capture of records/ data is possible directly by the sales force. Management can have a look at the availability of actual stock. Re-order level can also be set with reminders / pop up messages to replenish the stock. Your sales and delivery work force needs to provide customers on real time basis and effective immediate closure of sale is possible due to the real time availability of data.

The world has become completely mobile. With FACTS PDA Software Solution, you take the competitive edge over your competitors by the below key benefiting factors:

Increasing the efficiency of your mobile work force team;

Instant (on real time) availability of Data/order across the company and all its work force from different locations and geographies;

Creation of request by sales force;

Role based action possible for all orders/requests;

Assign of request to a team / user in the company for further action;

Adding / Edition of requests is possible;

Resolving / escalation of request are possible;

Role based access for removing any order/request from the system is possible;

Dashboards / reports are available.

Increased worker productivity – with the mobile device, the sales force can respond to the customer queries/orders quickly and effectively;

Sales work force can spend more time on the field which is good for the business;

This helps indirectly in transforming the consumer experience, customer support and earns loyalty and trust from the customers;

Stream-line data collection: stream line your business with lower operational costs and improved margins;

Total track of inventory accurately and efficiently every singly stage of business cycle;

Paper based transactions are completely reduced by the use of FACTS PDA Software Solution;

Improved data accuracy – data collection errors can be avoided due to the on-time availability of the rugged and easy-to-use PDA devise;

Optimized whole sale operation with speedy transmition of orders/data to the sale force and management for quick decisions. This helps to understand the customer better by having a history of their past dealing/orders with the company.

Fig. 39: The interface of FACTS PDA Software

On-board devices for freight vehicles

The most basic function in all fleet management systems is the vehicle tracking component.

Once vehicle location, direction, and speed are determined from the GPS components, additional tracking capabilities transmit this information to a fleet management software application.

By combining received data from the vehicle tracking system and the on-board computer, it is possible to form a profile for any given driver (average speed, frequency of detours, breaks, etc.).

Several types of vehicle tracking devices are classified as "passive" and "active":

"Passive" devices store GPS location, speed, heading, and sometimes a trigger event such as key on/off, door open/closed. Passive systems include auto download type that transfer data via wireless download.

"Active" devices also collect the same information but usually transmit the data in near real time via cellular or satellite networks to a computer or data center for evaluation.

E-driver technology solution

E-driver technology integrated fleet management products provide a wide range of end-to-end driver safety and vehicle security solutions, and are an important link in any overall fleet management program.

Equipment’s:

The tracker of E-Drive technology is a compact, easily configurable GPS/GSM/GPRS tracking and monitoring device to promote personal security and safety. With exceptionally fast and accurate acquisition times, and a built-in logger the tracker provides watchers with the device’s location, and continuous location tracking via a Web portal. With a built-in SOS panic button, the tracker can send an emergency alert along with the user’s GPS coordinates to a specified contact via SMS or Web alerts. The “bread crumb” feature creates a trail of waypoints and transmits an alert on arrival at a pre-determined destination, or when the device enters or leaves a predefined region. With integrated voice monitoring keeping track of your loved ones, and the vehicles they drive, has never been so simple.

General

Easily configurable via USB,SMS or GPRS;

Records up to a quarter million waypoints

20-channel all-in-view tracking

12-290 hours between charging, depending on configuration

Security:

Integrated microphone for voice monitoring;

Built-in SOS panic button;

Continuous location tracking.

Safety

On-demand location reports via SMS;

Automatic geo-fence notifications;

Motion sensor.

Web management interface

Enables managing a large number of trackers;

Multi-lingual language support;

Web application can generate location and trip reports.

This e-drive unit technology show through GPS technologies / GSM / GPRS is a device that performs vehicle telemetries and embedded with an internal antenna. The unit is a fleet management idea implemented with low costs and which presents a wealth of art features required in real-time vehicle telemetries such as:

24/7 Real-time Vehicle Location and Security

Supports vehicle tracking options in Standby mode

Park, movement, theft, idle events, and a wide variety of battery alerts

Start/End trip event messaging

Supports remote vehicle immobilizing by external relay

Vehicle battery disconnect/reconnect and level alert

Remote horn and buzzer activation

SMS activation and deactivation of featured alerts Driver Safety and Environment

iButton identification for drivers and passengers

Real time alerts and reports for acceleration, deceleration and speeding events

Define checkpoints, geo-fencing and route verification parameters

Supports tire pressure and temperature monitoring (TPMS) with real-time tire state reports

Integrated SOS button to request assistance via SMS or Web alert

Integrated backup battery with smart battery management

Black box accident analysis

Remote door unlock Integrated Web Application and Management

Powerful WorldFleetLog application supports customized driver and vehicle profiles for comprehensive project management

Supports mobile phone interface for anywhere, any- time access to management features

Multi-lingual language support Additional Features

Track engine hours for next service alerts

Real time data logging stores collected data until up- load connection is established

Remote system and firmware updates

Data backup via SMS or call from authorized phone numbers

Odometer reading based on GPS data

SmartLogis telematics technology used in making vehicles via GPS / GSM / GPRS shows advanced features integrated management is also an ideal solution for automotive telemetries used in surveillance and vehicle and driver safety and maintenance scheduling.

The SmartLog features an integrated platform to support CAN Bus. The actual information derived from each vehicle depends on how each vehicle manufacturer implements these protocols; the following list of parameters is generally supported:

Vehicle speed from tahograph or wheelbase;

Fuel level (if supported by the vehicle);

RPM;

High resolution vehicle distance;

Engine coolant temperature and level alert;

Low fuel level;

Weight alarm;

Fuel consumption in km/liters;

Engine oil alerts for temperature, pressure, level;

Digital Trouble Codes;

Engine oil alerts for temperature, pressure, level;

Engine Hours;

Alerts for malfunction light indications;

PTO, brake, clutch indications;

GI sensor indications;

Vehicle battery voltage status.

Improved features

Provides actual battery levels;

Support 3 analog sensors for configuration of temperature, weight, pressure values and many more;

Provides horizontal and vertical accuracy estimates based on the internal GPS circuitry in order to better understand vehicle location in sub-optimal circumstances;

Enable/Disable Emergency Button: It is now possible for users to define emergency button availability;

Added support for additional Fuel Level Sensor Types;

Added dual fuel tank support;

Support idle time detection in all ignition switch positions (accessory only, or engine on).

Commands:

Resend messages from a specific date, month, day, hour minute;

Resend messages by days;

Select source of fuel consumption by trip and total fuel consumption;

Select source (CAN Bus or analog) of RPM and engine hours;

Added Trip Fuel Consumption and Total idle fuel consumption.

E-drive flagship product belongs to the technology is a unique alternative for integrated security managenmentul vehicles and info tainment systems, starting with the point of integrating cellular communications network, GPS and contact local services. It features complete solutions for the following areas:

Commercial and private fleets of any size with local and worldwide presence;

Private vehicles;

Public sector, including state and local government authorities with theft prevention, personal security, and emergency service provisions a part of everyday concerns.

Armed with GPS location technology flagship stores set exact details of the routes and the current position is with great appearance accuracy. La considered suspect vehicle center operators can pass on the information gathered about them in order to solve such problem

The flagship is an integral part of the driver of a vehicle used in monitoring, fleet management and infotainment systems that presents low-carburant, enhanced security, and good maintenance.

Being an e-driver technology, it supports eco-driving to reduce CO2 emissions and vehicle wear with the advantage of a low price re combustible and low maintenance.

Real-time Identity-based Access Control

With the e-drive technology, the Access Control on Line customers can implement ID authenticated access control for a variety of applications, including:

Doors in the home or office;

Key cabinets;

Electric gates.

The Access Control on Line ID authentication can be done by any of the following ID devices:

iButton;

Magnetic card reader;

Variable range RF ID.

Intelligent GPS tracking device

The tracking device inside the vehicle interacts with the engine control module for purposes of fleet information about operations to the user with a simple touch. The device installed in each vehicle, is sometimes categorized as a modem, it is programmed via complex software that performs operations locally and forwards them on fleet management system director.

Fleet Management System provides all the hardware and software needed for the system to achieve maximum efficiency in order to use satellites Fleet Administrators establishing the necessary information taken from the vehicle and fleet tracking device settings can be performed through Fleet Director Global.

Once commissioned, the GPS unit determines the necessary data at a certain time, and facilitates communications simple and the presentation of operational data in a more elegant manner.

By combining the capability of transmitting information in nearly real time satellite network with Global coverage, Fleet Management System provides safety and operational efficiency in any fleet.

All above description equipment’s of the e-driver technology have four important areas:

Promotes timely vehicle maintenance with user-defined lead times and audible alarms;

Monitors drivers’ habits and reports user-defined incidents such as over speed, over RPM and erratic driving patterns;

Multiple vehicle immobilization schemes aid theft prevention, and include positive driver identification and remote office commands to disrupt various vehicle systems;

With real time tracking, fleet managers always know precisely where vehicles and cargo are located, significantly increasing the chances for stolen vehicle recovery.

For years, trucks have had a built-in controlled area network (CAN) that its various systems and components use to share information with other connected systems on the vehicle. The information in this network has a standard format or protocol called J1939 for heavy-duty trucks and OBD-II for light-duty vehicles.

Mark Botticelli, chief technology officer of PeopleNet, says there is an opportunity to improve the sharing of information among various third party systems that connect to the vehicle networks like lane departure warning and stability control. Currently, most of these systems do not know what the other devices on the network are saying, he says.

PeopleNet’s latest onboard unit, the PeopleNet Mobile Gateway (PMG), is designed to enable greater data sharing among third party systems in the truck, he says. As an example, perhaps an engine sends a certain fault code that several devices on the vehicle want to see immediately. The company is developing a service that will make it easier for third party devices to get that information in real time.

Onboard devices, such as CarrierWeb, use the J1939 connection to provide mission-critical data for electronic logs, load tracking, driver performance monitoring, and more.

Fig. 40: On-board devices

C. 2 Specific technology / solution: Support systems for regulation schemes

Access control management / charging systems

Access control of a vehicle in the center of a city is a good idea that could be implemented as part of the urban transport in order to achieve a less crowded traffic and a better environment in city.  The main goal of this operation is to increase the speed of vehicles in traffic. To implement this idea knowledge is required to access points, enabling connections between properties adjacent to reduce travel and delay time by minimizing the number of points of conflict between traffic traveling in the opposite direction and separation movements turning when feasible. Access management guidelines should apply to all roads under the jurisdiction of a city only whether existing or planned.

New or planned roads within the city need to be made so they can be put together with the existing ones in an effective. Roads within a city can be divided into: arterial, collector, local. The difference in the classifications depends on the trade-off between providing mobility to through traffic with speed and volumes and the degree of permitted access to the abutting land.

Trade-off between mobility and access for the street classification:

The center atmosphere is very important and preserving that feel is desired by community.

On application access management guidelines should design:

The number of access points: Thracian land each entitled to a route of direct or indirect access to public roads if the design and location complies with local politics

– Coordinate Input zones: Most of the access points belonging oncoming carriageway area requires an alignment between them. To raise the effectiveness of the access point at higher levels as necessary as the vehicle driver who wants to enter the area must be in a position that enables its coordination with and between adjoining properties made compatible for users like

Strengthening existing access points: When a land area change or joins with others in the idea of fulfilling a common goal, plan, possibility to use existing roadway areas becomes void. The new permit must be based on plans of the owner / developer to use existing units or one and / or close or move other driveways. Any such new access point or must be re-authorized in accordance with this management access.

Temporary access points: in some cases due to the development or future plans to improve the road, there is a chance to allow an access point, whose design or location shall intervene finally functioning street traffic or not be in compliance with the policy of access but temporary practical solution is the best alternative. To avoid existing access points temporarily for a period of unlimited time is needed to finalize and approve a plan by the Municipal Council around that the possible access points prior approval permanent temporary points.

Signaling minimum space of intersection: maintaining quality in terms of traffic flow is achieved using distance signal, which brings with it a more efficient travel, drivers’ continuous traffic. Uniform or near uniform spacing signal is a necessity with which feats has increased traffic flow. Factors that determine the optimum distance signal cycle length and speed are displayed. The spacing of the signals is proportional to the cycle length and speed.

Access management techniques: Operation mode roads within a city can be improved by applying methods of access management… Use of the front or the back roads, and the interconnection of the parking area help reduce roadway use by finding access needs. If parking spaces interconnection relating to the area of commercial development is good, a customer waiting has many different locations can move between them without disturbing traffic on adjacent roads.

Fig. 41: Access control and mobility management

Fig. 42: Access control and mobility management

Stationary traffic detection

Independent of junctions

No construction work required

Energy supply by solar panel or battery;

Data communication by mobile radio (cellular modem: GSM);

Detects quantity and velocity of traffic flow, type of vehicle etc.

Detector type:

Microwave detector;

Transmitted high-frequency microwave signal is reflected by a moving target (vehicle);

Doppler shift between emitted and received frequency used to determine direction and speed of vehicles;

Detect presence, occupancy and speed;

Video image detection;

Video Image Processor system analyze imagery using algorithms and converts into traffic data;

Fixed position video cameras mounted overhead or side fire;

Uses change in image to detect traffic;

Detect presence, occupancy, speed, classification and incident detection;

Requires adequate street lighting;

User define detection zones.

Fig. 43: Detection mode

Equipment’s of control access restricted zones or history center:

Traffic barriers: road barrier automation is available in a wide variety of configurations, with numerous options including:

Motor 230V or 24V;

mechanical travel limits;

electronic programmer;

boom with a rubber safety edge and is available in three versions: 3m, 4m and 6m;

Bollards: electro-mechanical, hydraulic, manual bollards;

Top cover;

Led lights;

Reflective tape;

Cylinder;

Flange;

Travel limiter;

DC motor 24V.

Traffic barriers or Bollards (integration of access control) and security features such as Radio Frequency identification (RFID), Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR):

RFID components:

Fig. 44: RFID technology

RFID long range reader

Can be programmed with different ID code for entry and exit;

will only respond to the tag activated by the same reader (same ID code);

Long range reader that can penetrate solar film to allow “truly hands-free” operation and no need to wind down windows;

Active tag: you can choose which type of tag/transponder to suit your budget and need;

Mini tag for lower budget. Medium signal strength for low end solar film (60-80% penetration);

Transponder for premium budget. Allow insert proximity card EM or Mirfare type. Highest signal strength. Capable to penetrate medium to high-end solar film (80 – 90%) penetration.

ANPR components:

Fig. 45: ANPR technology

ANPR camera at the point of the entry

Sensor: CCD, 6 MP, 3392 (H) x 2008 (V);

Video quality: 3392 x 2008, 1 – 25 fps;

Picture quality: 3392 x 2008;

Ethernet port, RS485, USB

ANPR software.

Embedded with OCR technology, LPR rate reaches above 90%

ANPR server: completed standard equipment, compatible with various software platforms.

Parking management / charging systems

Advanced parking management systems (APMS) assist drivers in finding parking spaces faster thus reducing stress and strengthening the visitor experience.

The parking system that is based on advanced management systems incorporate features both traditional and some special applications. Implementing the concept of passenger information covers a wide range of applications such as web-based information systems and the navigation that guides you every veering away until finding a parking space.

Systems integration including recommendation of appropriate technologies.

Park & Ride (parking guidance systems) help finding more easily available for a parking space through intelligent use of access roads, thus reducing traffic .Can is easily integrated traffic management systems for an efficient link-up system urban and interurban traffic.

Improved traffic flow / reduced congestion.

Statistical and real-time information on parking vacancies.

Fig. 46: Parking guidance

Equipment’s:

LCD panel for parking guidance ;

Traffic sign ;

Wireless parking sensor detector.

Wireless detection and communication;

Efficient car park occupancy measurement and overstay detection;

Flexible integration with parking applications;

Dual detection (infrared and earth magnetic field);

Operating frequency: 868 – 868.6 MHz;

Detection: magnetic & IR;

Mounting: into the floor;

Communication range: Sensor to Relay Node 2G (directional) – max. 50 m; Sensor to Relay Node 2G (Omni-directional) – max. 35 m; Sensor to Data Collector – max 25 m; Relay Node to Relay Node (2G) – max 100 m; Relay Node 2G to Data Collector – max 10 m.

Relay node 2G

Data collector

Interface software allows easy wireless sensor network integration into parking or an traffic guidance utilization management application

Installation and configuration: Calibrate the sensors and analyze calibration process; Allocate sensor ID numbers to individual parking bays, parking zones and parking lots; Configure all the equipment part of the wireless sensor network.

Fig. 47: Interface software

Event configuration: Easy selection of required data you want to transmit to the management application; Event configuration; Event notification (raw sensor data or basic event message); event information (event numbering, IR state, magnetic state).

Network: Configure communication gateway settings between the Data Collector and the Software Interface.

Fig. 48: Control center collect and process data

One-stop-shop parking solutions: car park equipment & management systems

Parking Guidance System: Each park has a screen that displays the number of vacancies and their location using VMS. Additional traffic signals can be added to enhance the directions to your parking place

External guidance system

Variable message signs (VMS): display vacant slot

Internal guidance system

Guide customers to available parking spaces with a green arrow type display full parking lots are marked with a red cross.

Identify vacancies remotely using a space detector mounted on top of each place .The Track will be a light green in sight the place is available and red when is occupied. Vehicles detection is made via ultrasonic waves generated from the roof of the car to the wheels.

Traffic barriers or electro-mechanical / Hydraulic / Manual Bollards (integration of access control) and security features such as Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR), Radio Frequency identification (RFID), CCTV Surveillance and others

On entry lane:

Ticket are issued at entry lane or smart card is swiped;

Barrier gate is opened after ticket is issued or after validating the pass;

Entry information is printed on the ticket;

Intercom for customer support;

LCD display or UFD display for fare display;

Vehicle image is captured;

Automatic ticket dispensing machine: collecting a fee and automatic ticket-dispensing machine, which includes printers to produce receipts or switch services or activities. These receipts can be permitted in situations that are printed on each specific user, can have a bar code detected by a machine. The device is provided with means capable network to allow central control and monitoring.

Fig. 49: Control center collect and process data

Fig. 50: Process flow – entry lane

On exit line:

When the vehicle reaches to the exit lane, the fee collector takes the slip and scans the bar code printed slip;

The calculated fee is displayed on the LCD monitor or the UFD;

Fee collector also verifies the current image of the vehicle with the image taken at entry time;

Fee can be charged in the mode of Cash, RFID tags or smart card;

When the process is completed successfully barrier gates gets opened.

Fig. 51: Process flow – entry lane

Fig. 52: Process flow – entry lane

Hardware integration:

Automatic boom barrier; IP based camera;

Thermal printer; Bar code scanner;

User Fare Display (UFD); LCD panel;

Overhead light signal; Traffic lights;

Touch screen; Cash drawer.

Equipment’s control center:

Central database server; Backup server;

Workstation computer; Smart card reader / writer;

Printer.

System integration:

Software installation – fast and easy.

Carpooling

Carpooling is when two or more people, usually who are headed to the same destination, travel together by car for all or part of a journey. Driver and passenger(s) know before leaving that they will share at least part of the trip, with this arrangement made using a coordinating body. Usually, a mutual agreement is reached between carpooling participants to share expenses or take turns to drive in order to reduce personal costs or time loss. Both the driver and passenger(s) are called carpoolers.

Importantly professional/ and or commercial vehicles are excluded.

Carpool manager / carpool coordinator employed at the individual sites and set-up “attract-match-retain” schemes for carpooling. They are the primary interface with the carpoolers. This role is different to that of the champion, as coordinators are responsible for the day-to-day management of a carpool scheme. Where possible, carpool coordinators should communicate with all employees in order to promote the scheme and to receive feedback.

The carpooling addresses the energy challenge of low car occupancy and the ≈50% of journeys in cities that cannot be accommodated by conventional public transport modes. The enormous potential of carpooling strategies has been frustrated by the traditional behavioral, social, and cultural barriers people have to sharing cars – this is the challenge of carpooling.

More users in the database means more potential matches will be found and more of these will be closer to the times and locations requested. This ultimately results in car-pool offers which are as close to private car use as possible.

When determining matches between drivers and riders in carpool initiatives a number of constraints on the feasibility of matches must be observed. The timing of rides is an important consideration, therefore common destinations for large groups of users is also a key requirement. Both the above suggest the matches are likely to be easier to find within workplaces where large numbers of people are converging on the same location at similar times.

By focusing on travel to workplaces, carpooling minimizes the spatial and temporal barriers to matches and stigma/fear of travelling with strangers.

Establish a ‘carpooling week’: Liftshare Week is the UK-wide event which aims to encourage and enable more people to discover the benefits of car-pooling. It is a tried and tested way to help staff, colleagues and friends to start sharing their cars. At both a local and national level, Liftshare Week has a huge impact.

‘Liftshare week 2011’ won the EU Sustainable Energy Award for Travelling. During the 2011 Liftshare week 6,206 new members signed up to change their travel behaviour and try car-pooling – more than double the normal. Requests to share were also double the normal.

All of this was achieved on a minimal budget of £200. ‘Liftshare week 2012’ was even more successful – the year on year growth in requests to share in months impacted by Liftshare week is illustrated in red bars on figure below. On average 48% of the request to share messages sent end in successful shared trips with resulting energy savings.

Provide Personalized Travel Planning service (PTP): There is a growing body of evidence about the effectiveness of providing tailored travel advice, support, information, and incentives to people who are open to considering sustainable travel options.

Personal Travel Planning (generally delivered through face-to-face interviews) is a well-established targeted marketing technique that encourages people to overcome the habitual use of the car, enabling more journeys to be made on foot, bike, bus, train or in shared cars. This is achieved through the provision of information, providing incentives, and motivating individuals directly, to help them voluntarily make more informed travel choices.

Delivering PTP at workplaces rather than in residential households is a cheaper approach to delivery and has produced good modal shifts away from solo car use. Workplace pilots are also easier to organize, as the target population is contactable through their workplace.

Many studies in the UK have shown PTP can reduce car driver trips by 11% and decrease single occupancy car modal share of between 4% and 6%.

See http://www.sustrans.org.uk/assets/files/travelsmart/dft_susttravel_pdf_040054.pdf

Establish ‘Mobility Jackpot’ lottery competition: Several studies have concluded that financial incentives are a fundamental part of effective trip-reduction programmes.

The use of this tool in Austria and Switzerland has been shown to raise awareness of mobility issues and choice of transport mode becomes a topic of conversation among the employees (e.g. at Seewer AG, Burgdorf, Switzerland, 4% of employees changed their mode of travel to carpool while a further 16% stated they were thinking about changing due to the Mobility Jackpot; at INFICON AG, Balzers, Liechtenstein, a mobility jackpot was introduced as part of a wider company travel plan and resulted in a reduction of 13% in mode share for motorized individual transport with an increase in car-pooling mode share of 5% – with no negative impact on cycle and walking mode share).

Case study sites have held weekly draws of €30 every week for a year, or have focused efforts on just one month with daily draws throughout this period.

Within carpooling, the mobility jackpot will be directed only to those who car-pool enabling the promotional messages to remain focused on the relevant target audience and channeling maximum rewards to those who choose car-pooling.

When implemented separately these measures have each been shown to be successful in generating approximately a 5% increase in modal share for car-pooling.

Carpooling will investigate whether delivery of all three measures in a package results in combined benefits equivalent to the sum of benefits for the individually delivered measures, whether the combined benefits are greater than the sum of the individual benefits due to generating higher matching rates as a result of attracting a critical mass of car-poolers, or if there is a duplication effect with the measures having influence on the same users when packaged together resulting in lower combined benefits.

In contrast to other contries, Romania has one of the lowest car ownership levels in EU-27 (250 cars per 1000 inhabitants). However, car ownership is growing at one of the fastest rates. Carpooling is seen as one way to slow this rate of growth.

Carpooling is in the early stages of development with no centralized system at the national level. The municipality of Craiova is actively supporting carpooling through a scheme initially introduced through the CIVITAS MODERN project implemented for the Local Transport Company (RAT) located in the west industrial area of the city.

This scheme has 400 registered members and will be the focus of the carpooling implementation. Currently the only incentive for lift givers is that they have access to a guaranteed parking place reserved for car-poolers. The promotion of the carpooling scheme is made through the RAT website and from there the users can log into the carpool matching application. A significant barrier to carpooling identified in the first year was reluctance amongst drivers to share their personal car.

The ‘carpool week’ and PTP measures delivered can address this. Through the PTP, specific individuals who are compatible sharers will be highlighted and a social contact can be established prior to sharing a journey.

The carpooling initiative will also raise wider general awareness of carpooling and contribute towards changing the mind-sets of the local car commuters. This will be of great value for when the carpool scheme is extended to cover the whole of the west industrial area, which contributes 7000 cars a day to the city center in the rush hour.

The expected increase in carpooling mode share from the measures to be tested (based on proven application elsewhere) is: 6% for PTP; 5% for Mobility jackpot; and 5% for Carpool week. Based on this the resulting changes in car trips and vehicle occupancy rates expected as a result of implementing the carpooling measures will be:

a 11% increase in carpooling mode share

a 22% reduction in single occupancy car trips amongst the target groups

a 9.2% reduction in total car trips amongst the target groups

a 10% increase in average vehicle occupancy amongst the target groups

Strategic objectives (for the longer term – to 2020):

Shift in behavior for 22% of single occupancy drivers towards sharing their journey with a colleague at workplaces where carpooling is introduced.

To support the EU’s 2020 target for energy and climate change achieving a >12% reduction in energy use for the journey to work sites.

Carpooling adopted at employment sites across partner and follower countries. In total 150,000 employees across 10 countries are exposed to the carpooling package of measures.

Realizing a direct saving of 23.54 million liters of fuel, equivalent to 20,035 toe in energy savings

Realizing in indirect saving of 58,206 tones CO2 equivalent

Table 1: Direct and long-term effects

The table below showcases the organizations that have already been identified as targets for carpooling measures. There is a plethora of organizations both in the public and in private sector. The main targeted focus of carpooling will exceed the minimum base level of 47,000 and could actually reach a much wider audience.

Target Group(s):

In carpooling, we can define 3 primary target groups of actors that directly benefit from the project, both during the project lifetime and in the future.

The city/regional authorities: who can benefit by using the carpooling implementations among the major employers in the city to exploit further in other organizations across their cities/regions. In doing this they benefit by making a major step forward in supporting their sustainable mobility policies of reducing car occupancy, saving energy and reducing car use. The city authorities are involved either directly, or via organizations, they are supporting.

The organizations implementing carpooling at their sites: These target groups are the major employers in their cities, and can benefit from significant reductions in car use at their work-sites. They are strongly involved throughout the project life span. They will benefit through reduced congestion at peak hours at the site, reduced pressure on parking space, freeing-up land for other uses. Through the matching system, it will encourage more interaction and cohesion among employees.

The citizens in the organizations benefitting from the carpooling option: This major target group benefit significantly from the carpooling actions, by providing them with an alternative means of commuting and a cheaper commuting option. Carpooling can be an essential lifeline to stay in employment, or to find a job.

3 Specific technology / solution: Automatic warehousing systems and handling systems.

Automatic weight/dimension measurement equipment.

Carriage of goods in Europe through heavy vehicles can be achieved only if they fulfill the conditions related to weight and dimensions of road safety reasons and to avoid damage to roads, bridges, and tunnels.

Maximum standards are set by the directive 96/53 / EC, those limits are valid in any tariDirectia has Semen intended to ensure the fulfillment of these norms.

Member States should be required to undertake a minimum number of inspections of vehicles through either the built road systems or by sensors on board the vehicle that communicates remotely with road inspectors weighing.

Weighing systems built into the road – weigh in motion systems

Over time, heavy traffic experienced a significant increase, bringing with it the problem of overload and oversize vehicle. To reduce this problem was initiated weighing technology vehicles in motion. This technology allows the determination of gross vehicle weight and axle load while the vehicle is moving. Thus, the methods of heavy weight vehicles currently being used in practice are listed below:

Static weighing: this method is commonly used by road traffic inspection for mobile vehicle weight control on a road and border control officers at border control posts (Jacob, Feypell-de La Beaumelle 2010; Wisnicki, Wolnowska 2011).

Low speed weigh-in-motion (LS-WIM): this weighing system is similar to static weighing and due to high accuracy, it can be used as a tool for imposing sanctions for delinquents. Vehicles are pointed to the special zone near the road and weighted with LS–WIM system while driving at speed 5-15 km/h (Jacob, Feypell-de La Beaumelle 2010).

High speed weigh-in-motion (HS-WIM): this kind of WIM systems are based on automated vehicles weighing on traffic at the regular speed. This type of systems are widely used in the worldwide for statistical information collection and the preliminary weighing, when HS-WIM systems weigh the vehicle and, in case of violation, direct it to the weighing area next to the road by using reversible traffic lights or active signs (Jacob, Feypell-de La Beaumelle 2010; Urgela, Janotka 2008 – Klashinsky et al. 2010 – Sokolov, Sivilevičius 2011 – Van Loo, Jacob 2011).

Multi-sensor weigh-in-motion (MS-WIM): MS-WIM system is based on a certain number of sensors installed in the road surface and is consistent with a certain algorithm. Each sensor measures axle loads, which vary depending on time and distance (Jacob, Feypell-de La Beaumelle 2010).

Bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM): this method is based on bridge strains measurement to evaluate traffic loads of passing vehicles (Quilligan 2003).

Weighing vehicle will be made by means of sensors at the road surface and in case of fixed overhead or another violation of the vehicle, a video surveillance system to identify vehicle license plate inclusive.

When weighing the vehicle in motion reveals a big difference as overtaking loads. In conclusion considered, as the maximum amount value may in fact not correspond to the real maximum value of the vehicle. Due to the proportionality of vehicle speed in transition moment scales measuring system requires passing vehicles with low and constant speed.

The automatic weight control vehicle has the following facilities:

High accuracy in measuring the weight of a moving vehicle, dedicated to measuring time is reduced from 15 minutes to 5 minutes, manpower required is also reduced.

The possibility of accessing the measuring system from any location and at any distance. Because of its connection to a computer network, the system can be controlled and monitored remotely via other computers.

Measurement starts automatically each bogie at the approach of each bogie-measuring device having a unique identification number detectable CTRE measuring device automatically.

The measurement results are also stored in the vehicle data storage devices attached to each bogie.

This system can be used for purposes of monitoring daily weight, and maintain a record of each bogie cumulative mass

Fig. 54: Traffic monitoring and weigh-in-motion system diagram

It was developed a RFID device able to detect and read RFID tags placed on license plates of vehicles traveling at high speed from the sidewalk. The labels also include information on the type of vehicle.

An RFID detection device was developed and integrated High Speed WIM sensor. Reader module is commercial, but the antenna installation is designed to optimize reading paving the asphalt.

Equipment’s:

Controller: can be used for in-motion weighing and classification;

Quartz Sensor: based in-motion scale ;

Inductive loop detector ;

Software ;

Pavement sensor;

RFID reader and tag etc.

Fig. 55: Traffic monitoring and weigh-in-motion system implementation scheme

Bridge WIM equipment’s:

Platform;

Weighing Indicator;

Computer;

Load-Cell;

Junction Box (J-Box);

Load-Cell Mounting Accessory.

On-Board Weighing System:

Is designed to be installed in vehicles with air suspension. It is very easy and simple to fix sensors on the air suspension feature kit and you can follow the gross weight of the vehicle all times through weight indicator, which is mounted, on the driver’s cab.

It increases the performance with optimum loading, monitoring axle loads and with controlling loading. In this way, it eliminates vehicles traffic on the scale and time, energy and labour force savings due to an excess or deficiency loading and most importantly, with this system it is avoided paying penalties resulting from overloading.

Truckscan automatic vehicle dimension measurement system.

Is designed to measure length, width, and height of the vehicles with using advanced technology. This system is mainly used at Vehicle Inspection Stations, Legal Authority and Institution, International Transport and Logistics Companies, Vehicles and Vehicle Equipment Manufacturers, Logistics Service Areas for the purpose of measuring vehicles' dimensions.

The system works with laser sensor technology, it measures the width, height, and length of vehicles through scanning them automatically.

The result, which is obtained in a very short time and the vehicle’s scanned three-dimensional profile, can be transferred to the computer. Also, optionally the external display shows the measurement results, number plates and vehicle class can be determined.

It is also possible that all data can be recorded to the DMS Dimension Measuring Software database. As an option, all data can also be transferred to the central network unit and it is provided to make integration of existing automation systems.

Fig. 56: DMS-D Dynamic Dimension Measurement

Fig. 57: DMS-S Static Dimension Measurement

Mobile Weighing Systems

Industrial Type Crane Scale: Crane scales enable practical and fast weighing while the load is being lifted and carried via lifting devices. In this way, they save from time and labor.

Forklift Scales: Forklifts are frequently used almost every industries for production, storage, delivery, inventory management facilities to easy and fast transfer the materials from one place to another.

Transpallet Scale: are used in the industrial and commercial fields have been generally designed for weighing pallet loads that are carried by pallet scales. The weighing eventuates when the pallet scale lifts the load.

Automatic labeling machines

Manufacture and delivery of a product plays an important role labels. They are designed to give information relating to the product which are applied useful in the delivery because help identify them. In some cases, prohibit trade in products labeled us. As labels, labeling machines come in a wide variety. They are generally classified according to the requirement of adhesive application.

Adhesives required:

Pressure Sensitive Labeling Machine;

Hot Melt Glue Labeling Machine;

Wet Glue Labeling Machine;

No adhesive required:

Shrink labeling machine

Stretch labeling machine

The sequences of the labeling machine are:

The product passes the Product Sensor, a signal is sent to the controller

The controller starts to count the conveyor encoder output pulses.

The controller starts Labeling Head motor when the encoder count reaches a defined value.

The Applicator applies the label to the product, while the Label Sensor looks for the gap between labels.

The labeling head motor stops when the label sensor detects the gap.

The system is ready for the next product.

Fig. 58: The sequences of the labeling machine

Typical label applications for supply chain:

Warehousing

Receiving;

Put away;

Cross-docking;

Picking;

Inventory location;

Shipping;

Delivery;

Receipts;

Invoicing;

Collection.

Transport:

receiving goods;

inventory management;

work-in progress;

Asset tracking of product.

Automatic label machine products:

Automatic rotary opp label machine it can prevent from vibration, and reduce the operating noise. Stainless steel covers the surface of the operation panel is coated by anti-erosion materials.

The transmission mechanism uses vector motor and inventor. In addition, it can load, separate, rotate, and unload bottles simultaneously.

The hot melting glue system uses the newest type of untouched injection machine that can save the glue consume.

The rotary cutter can precisely cut the label at any speed. It can be easily adjusted and replaced.

Colorful interface touch panel for user-friendly operation. All parameter set in HMI.Multi-axis design control system, it can accurately to reach the need of high-speed labeling.

Machine is designed for square bottles, and it is suitable for that with different size and shapes.

Fig. 59: The interface of automatic rotary opp label machine

Automatic label machine with RFID primary applicators.

RFID labelers come standard with such Label-Aires virtues as easy set-up, troubleshooting, change-over, rugged construction, and operation that is more reliable.

RFID Primary Applicators Capabilities:

OEMRFID printer/print engine compatibility;

Encodes EPC, Class 0, Class 0+, Class 1, Gen 2 RFID tags;

Fully retrofit table with existing Label-Aired equipment;

Air-Blow, Tamp-Blow, Wipe-On, & Corner Wrap RFID Primary Applicators;

Integrated UHF/EPC print-and-apply technology;

Easy RFID tag formatting software;

Automatic RFID tag set-up;

Zero downtime RFID labeling;

Patent pending Tag Rejecter;

Print text, graphics, and bar codes.

Fig. 60: Automatic label machine with RFID

Automatic label machine software:

Intelligent Templates™ BarTender® software enables organizations around the world to improve safety, security, efficiency and compliance by creating and automating the printing and control of labels, barcodes, RFID tags, plastic cards and more.

What can be done with BarTender® software:

Accelerate the speed of goods moving through the supply chain;

Get the right medication to the right patient at the right time;

Inform workers how to handle hazardous substances safely;

Tell a parent that a snack has an ingredient to which their child is allergic;

Track a food-borne illness back to the field where it started;

Reduce shrinkage on the retail shop floor.

BarTender’s exclusive Intelligent Templates™ enable companies to produce a wide variety of flexible label designs without the need to create and maintain hundreds of separate documents.

Password-protect layers to prevent unauthorized edits. Share global data fields such as incrementing serial numbers among all documents.

BarTender provides full RFID support for the latest label and tag types, including EPC (Electronic Product Code).

Label applicator:

For in-line speed and precision, the Tonics’ Series 3 from Weber Packaging Solutions is a system that addresses a wide variety of pressure-sensitive labeling applications. The Series 3 is available in standard-, medium- and high-speed models.

Product sizes: from vials as small as 5ml to 10-gallon pails;

Product shapes round, flat-sided, oval/contoured, plus unstable products like syringes, narrow cylinders/tubes, caps and more;

Product materials: plastics, paper products, metals, glass, rubber, ceramic, wood.

Simple electronics and advanced touch-pad controls that provide a number of unique advantages:

On-the-fly adjustments: any label head or module can be adjusted without stopping the system;

Job memory: up to 100 jobs can be stored in the system’s memory to expedite changeovers;

Durability: the system’s sealed interface provides protection in chemical and other industrial environments;

The systems apply front, back, wrap-around, top, and bottom labels for the broad range of packaging markets and for an even wider range of products and packages. These ruggedly constructed, dependable systems can be configured to handle a diverse selection of package shapes and sizes.

Package Flexibility:

On-board software: communicate with all popular PLC is, including Allen-Bradley and Omron. All software for any possible upgrade or option is pre-loaded; no downloading of proprietary software is required;

Variable date/lot code functionality Tronics Series 3 labeling systems from Weber also include an array of miscellaneous features, including batch counting, real-time products-per-minute display, total products labeled, additional inputs, and outputs for missing/low label and for integration with PLC’s on other packaging and handling equipment

Fig. 61: The interface of Tronics Series 3

4 Specific technology / solution: E-commerce platforms

Platforms addressed by specific operators to the end users for on-line buying

Underlying the changes in the local and global markets of distribution and sales organizations often uses Internet tools, enabling the realization of electronic transactions with partners in the supply chain. The changes in the supply chain management takes place simultaneously with the development needs of customers and technological capabilities of their partners. Increasing global level of cooperation of economic companies (delivery, manufacturing operations and distribution), increased technological innovative ways of economic activity and the stronger competition and a shorter period of time that cycle is performed products in the market brings a need changing dimensions of the supply chain "acts – orders realized in less time, activity globally elasticity and high durability. One of the main tools that support business processes is electronic exchange of data via the Internet. It caused an era of the changes in terms of customer needs. – Independent access to product information, location, and flow of customer supply chains.

E-commerce requires the careful planning and integration of a number of technology infrastructure components.

Outline the key components of technology infrastructure that must be in place for e-commerce to succeed

Discuss the key features of the electronic payments systems needed to support e-commerce

Users of e-commerce technology must use safeguards to protect themselves

Identify the major issues that represent significant threats to the continued growth of e-commerce

Organizations must define and execute a strategy to be successful in e-commerce

Outline the key components of a successful e-commerce strategy

Growth of electronic commerce evaluating towards e-business has brought about a natural need of the growth of processes of the commodity flow service, in the area of the company front-office (e.g. sales, marketing, client service), as well as back-office(purchasing, warehousing, transport, production and co-production). The electronic data interchange between partners let them cooperate in real time and create an integrated supply chain. Efficient, reliable, and effective functioning of supply chains requires beyond good management of physical products flow, set under functional and organizational aspect, a system of information flow (flow and computerization). Experiences achieved up to the present in the area of e-business enable to distinguish the following business models, which define relations of market’s partners:

Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce: customers deal directly with the organization, avoiding any intermediaries – it concerns financial services (e.g. electronic banking, insurances, and investment funds), non-financial services (e.g. touristic services), and trade centers (the Internet shops).

Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce: participants are organizations – this model embraces main economic contacts, it means their preparation, assessment of partners’ risk, negotiating, and realization of order until full payment.

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce: participants are individuals, with one serving as the buyer and the other as the seller–this model mainly includes hobby contacts or attendance in auctions.

Multistage Model for E-commerce (B2B, B2C)

Search and identification

Selection and negotiation

Purchasing products and services electronically

Product and service delivery

After-sales service

Fig. 62: The architecture of platform

E-Commerce Challenges:

Defining an effective e-commerce model and strategy;

Community, content, and commerce;

Changing distribution systems and work processes to manage shipments of individual units directly to consumers;

B2C systems must be able to handle split-case distribution;

Integrating Web-based order processing with traditional systems order.

Electronic distribution (e-logistics) means the use of systems, informatics tools and the Internet as communication medium to service logistic processes:

Internet portal;

Electronic platform;

Electronic catalogue;

Data warehouses;

Information services;

Systems of offers and purchasing;

Transactions systems;

Systems and communication tools;

Systems and software (applications of supply chains’ planning, dictionaries, digit maps, e-learning systems, etc).

On-premises e-commerce software usually requires initial one time purchase investment in terms of licensing fees. Also, it implies extra costs related to hardware and installation services as well as data migration and on-going maintenance fees that are usually charged on a yearly basis for software updates and support.

Some examples of typical on premises E-commerce:

The software realizes the following functions:

export and import of data from/to application — enables cooperation with company’s usable applications, e.g. Excel,

data conversion — output documents are turn into EDI communicates; input ones

translate on proper format for usable applications,

sending and receiving EDI communicates — service of communication net in scope of connections, setting of transmission’s parameters and data sending,

Management and control of documents’ turnover — these are additional functions which scope is determined by software and could embrace: documents’ archives, a data base of EDI partners, data coding and their compression, connecting and disconnecting operations, etc.

Fig. 63: Electronic platform

Three Basic Components of a Successful E-Commerce Model:

Content

Industry news

Economic news

Stock prices

Commerce

Consumer and business buying and selling

Community

Message boards

Chat rooms

Fig. 64: Web-Based Order Processing

Supply chain management is a key value chain composed of:

Demand planning

Analysing buying patterns

Developing customer demand forecast

Supply planning

Strategic planning

Inventory planning

Distribution planning

Procurement planning

Transport planning

Supply allocation

Demand fulfillment

Order fulfillment

Backlog management

Order promising

Customer verification

Order capt

Platforms b2b addressed by specific companies to other companies, shopkeepers, and other business subjects used for purchasing and managing orders and shipments

The integration of e-Commerce / e-Business, goods distribution platform management functionality to support IT in Logistics Agency of the city is an objective, which refers to:

Integration within several services to various actors from the city's supply chain, e-Business platform enables web-based online collaboration to 2 parts logistics and operation of logistics city agencies.

The decision allocating support and aid for the operation of integrated logistics resources and their distribution through flexible scheme is integrated into the urban scenario.

Delivery of a number of network services that allow easy interfacing between end customers belonging logistics system.

Fig. 65: Basic e-Business services for City Logistic Agency

Logistic agency platform should be able to provide and integrate the macro-operations/functions as below:

Delivery process monitoring (track & trace);

Lond distance transport operator management;

Web services for integration in web portals (eCommerce);

Road network configuration;

Urban fleet management;

Urban delivery request management;

Delivery planning and optimization;

Pick up point (PuP) delivery management scheme;

Statistics & reporting.

These functionalities should have as main objective the creation of a supply chain more easily maneuverable. This would need to constitute the core of the service system of the Agency logistics aimed at coordinating and monitoring the way in which runs both the delivery of goods and acceptance thereof by the Client, regardless of the different models of reference distribution of goods operational for coordinating and integration of urban logistic service.

The e-Business / e-Commerce services Logistic aims at providing both persons operating environment and the private businessman dealing logistics coordination and cooperation between the various logistics operators. The focus is on the category of business users and a method to improve the efficiency of logistics systems belonging to urban mobility policies.

Fig. 66: eLogistic framework

Platform for supply chain management:

Digital maps: road maps, location and distance analysis;

GPS / GSM technologies: transport and cargo location;

RFID technologies: in transit shipment identification and monitoring;

Transport data: cargo, vehicle, route;

Warehouse surface base;

Logistic controlling;

Product availability management;

Supply management;

Operation handling: sending order lists between partners, creating an internal catalogue of products, analysis stock on hand, stocking goods, tracing order fulfillment status, preparing loading according to customer specifications, loading products onto pallets, planning means of transport and loading, planning and optimizing transport routes, delivery tracking and confirmation system, electronic document interchange ;

Order planning ;

Supply planning.

Platform components:

Fig. 67: Type of platform

The software platform will control how the data are pooled in order to optimize collaboration in real time (risk management and complexity, expanded decision-making, etc.), allowing simulation of scenarios in order to obtain alternative.

The objective is the provision of different actors with very easy to use interface, generates clear reports guided by protocols, and formats to provide information for decision making simple and effective.

The technical principles are accepted by platform:

Resource modeling: integration capacity, time and space characteristic of all players

Information on the network: pool information throughout their effective range (player / player and bid / offer);

Multiple database for data storage: Data distribution is closely related to the density of exchanges took place between players, depending on requests and responses while recognizing the need for data security;

Integration of dynamic and resource use through hub: it will be used on one hand as a space trading and on the other side as a center for application redirect or offers databases best suited for processing information and giving response capacity multidimensional integration, time and emission characteristics;

Using the electronic platform, retailers (those responsible for the transport of goods to the warehouse, and distributors who deliver goods from warehouse and clients/consumer), have the opportunity to create their account and interact.

Info channel

Live chat or email (client to client, client todistribuitor, or client/distribuitortocommand control center/management center);

Info map/route (GPS map, available route, traffic, incidents);

Info UCL parking places (parking, parking lot);

Local policy etc.

Database

Index of companies which offer services;

Schedules;

Freight charges.

Negotiation module:

Supply chain planning;

Freight market;

Comparing offers (price/time).

Transaction module

Order placement;

Booking confirmation;

Transaction confirmation.

Operational module

Transport instruction;

Monitoring;

Complaint management.

Financial module

Invoice issue;

Pay settlement with contractors;

Electronic payment.

Tolls

Cooperation models;

Standard of logistics labels content;

EDI: conversion, communication, validation.

Fig. 68: Platform components

5 Specific technology / solution: Electronic devices for goods and vehicles tracking

Barcode systems.

Implementing barcode system has brought some benefits, including operational efficiency, better customer service, and improved visibility of key business information to management. A barcode is a machine that delivers visually different information about different products. It is presented as linear (one size). They also can be represented as dots, hexagons and other geometric figures (2 dimensions).

Fig. 69: Barcode 1 D Fig. 70: Barcode 2D

A bar code (in most cases regarded as one word bar code) is in the form of small images of lines (bars) and spaces that apply to products a store for sale, identification cards and posters to identify date on about some product, person, or location. The code uses a sequence of vertical bars and spaces to represent numbers and other symbols.

Barcode GS1

The GS1 system of standards is the most widely used supply chain standards system in the word. The GS1 system is composed of four key standards:

Barcode: used to automatically identify things

eComm: electronic business messaging standards allowing automatic electronic transmission of data

Global Data Synchronization: allow business partners to have consistent item data in they systems at the same time

EPCGlobal: use the RFID technology to immediately track an item

GS1 – 128 simbology is used to encode trade item data for logistics units such as cartons, cases, and pallets that are not intended to pass through retail point-of-sale (POS). The use of this symbology supports fast and accurate tracking of inventory and other specific data in the supply chain.

Fig. 71: Barcode GS1 – 128

GS1 – 128 simbology is used to uniquely identify trade items, logistic units, and returnable assets in the supply chain. The symbology not only encodes trade item data, but also provides a method for encoding and sharing a large variety of different specific data types defined by GS1 system such as Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC), Best before Date, Bach / Lot number and Serial Number.

Fig. 72: Barcode GS1 system

A bar code reader is a device used by stores to scan the barcode. It can be handheld or stationary and reads the information from the barcode. A barcode reader is an assemblies consisting of a scanner, a decoder (can be external or separately) and cable connection with the computer. As a barcode reader realizes just capture and barcode translation in numbers and / or letters, it needs another device (computer) which is software that helps interpret the barcode. The link between a barcode scanner and a computer can be done via a serial port, keyboard, or an interface device called up. Barcode reading is done through a beam of light that code reader directs it on it will then be measured amount of light reflected. (Dark bars reflect less light than white spaces tooth them.) The scanner converts light energy into electricity, which is then converted to data decoder and transmitted to a computer.

Barcode management system

Updating management systems, bar code is made temporarily in order to maintain pace with new demands and needs Inventory managers to conduct careful planning before implementation.

The barcode management is an asset management system that shows product bar codes can be scanned. With the help of a computer monitor will play visual information on the received data and location. Most features managements of supply chains were influenced by barcodes. Business integration in the supply chain has become a very simple and effective surgery with the use of barcodes.

Barcodes identification is a tool that helps product tracking and reducing errors. The introduction of barcode inventory in Operation provides timely accurate information that helps warehouse operation with high efficiency and a low personal Inventory

One of the best services of inventory management, bar code is to create a particular job used to manage the system. This helps to create databases regarded as some professionals who can ensure consistency and timeliness of all data. A manager also has the ability Inventory achieve personal staff during an inventory thereof, giving others warehouse workers the chance to deal with other important activities.

Another importаnt tip for bаrcode inventory mаnаgement is the creаtion of а consistent system or protocol regulаrizing inventory procedures. For exаmple, an inventory mаnаger might decide that certаin informаtion should be аvаilаble from а bаrcode scаn, such as inspection dаtes and comments regаrding heаlth of а piece of equipment.

Bаrcode inventory mаnаgement systems need to be updаted from time to time to keep up with new demаnds. A good tip for inventory mаnаgers is to cаrefully plаn аheаd for implementаtion.

Barcode in supply chain management:

Manufacturer:

Affordable;

Accurate and reliable;

Generic quality control;

Asset tracking;

Reduced shrinkage;

Subject to environmental factors;

Labour intensive manual scanning;

Non-specific recalls.

Distribution:

Accurate inventory information;

Limited visibility;

Affordable;

Accurate and reliable;

Partial employment of JIT;

Labor intensive;

Prone to human error;

Susceptible to environmental damage;

Better asset management;

Time consuming manual scanning.

Retailer:

Inventory management;

Reliable;

Labor intensive;

Limited visibility;

Manual stocktakes;

Subject to human scanning errors;

Slow scanning of incoming shipments.

Fig. 73: Smart supply network

Equipment’s:

Hardware:

Scanners: a tethered, handheld industrial strength laser scanner designed to meet the needs of users who require extra long range scanning. Is ideal for industrial applications including warehouse management, work in process, and in-transit visibility applications.

Scans barcodes up to 11 meters (36 ft.) away

Industrial durability withstands harsh environments

Comfortable and light weight for ease of use

Interfaces with Intermec computers and vehicle mount terminals for added mobility

Supports multiple interface options

Forklift mount and dangle suspension for easy access scanning

Heated holder options for use in freezer environments

Printers: a versatile industrial strength; intended for users that require 6” wide labels or tags; ideal for wide-format compliance shipping and container labels.

Labels, media: a successful barcode system implementation depends upon barcode labels that stick when they should, come off when necessary, and are readable when scanned. For best results, you need the right combination of barcode printers, barcode label software, label stock, and ribbons for your application.

Software:

Barcode label software allows you to print barcode labels in a wide variety of formats. You can design a "static" label, add variable fields such as serial numbers, or even integrate barcode label production with a database or ERP system.

Design: easily create barcode labels;

Use excel: use excel as database;

Print: print to any type of printer;

Versatile: meet basic labeling needs.

Fig. 74: Distribution center

Radio Frequency Identification systems

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a technology that combines electromagnetic and electrostatic characteristics of couples specific to a radio frequency used to identify an object stocking. RFID come increasing use in the industry as an alternative to the bar code. The advantage of RFID is the lack of need for a direct contact or scan lines.

The RFID system consists of following five components:

Tag (attached to an object, unique identification);

Antenna (tag detector, creates magnetic field);

Reader (receiver of tag information, manipulator);

Communication infrastructure (enable reader/RFID to work through IT infrastructure);

Application software (user database/application/interface).

The antenna uses radio frequency waves to transmit a signal in order to ASTM transponder. When activating the tags will transmit information back to the antenna .They are used to signal a programmable logic controller, which would need to perform an action. The action could be as simple as raising a complicated gateways as well as making a monetary transactions through a database.

Fig. 75: Technical infrastructure of RFID

Table 1: Characteristic of RFID tags

RFID application in supply chain management

Most applications based on RFID helps companies and governments in supply chain management. RFID is used to manage goods through production, distribution, and sales.

Manufacturers can get the advantage of implementing RFID in the supply chain concepts because they can reduce costs associated with product tracking and inventory management, thus an increase in accuracy and update inventory data.

With the introduction of RFID in several applications within their SCM systems, there has been a change for the better in terms of how the products are verified through the supply chain. RFID-art technologies already enhance CSM allowing good parts and equipment, high capacity enhanced security and fleet management.

The goods movement along the supply chain can be monitored via RFID. RFDI labels can be placed directly on the elements and materials or can be attached to a container that deals with transportation. Pallets, trailers, bags, carts, cargo containers, and reusable transport items can be tagged. The changes in the inventory can be monitored with the help of readers placed throughout a facility, providing real-time information. This can be located in a warehouse, freight yard or at a sales location

Placing RFID tags over long range vehicles, trailers or other mobile assets owning to help company’s better monitor how their business is performing.

The measurement of bulk aggregates trucks and trailers inside is done through a scan of volume loaders (LVS) with RFID.Volume load LVS can measure through which uses lasers to it without the need for supervision manual or weight-volume conversion. LVS is fully automated with automatic vehicle identification. With RFID in the design, LVS identification of the vehicle is automatic and fast.

The trucks are forced to avoid stopping. This leads to complete measurement automation and a reduction in the time required to achieve their mere seconds. This allows operators to increase efficiency LVS own truck movements. Vehicles drive below an elevated scan head at slow speed during scanning. Identify a product would need to be able to achieve a few meters thanks to an electronic device placed in the scanner head.

Each unit LVS now includes a long-range RFID tag reader installed upside down on the bottom panel of the scanner head, 5.1m from the ground. IDs tags are mounted on the cabin roof or top of the hood of the truck, pointing up.

Fig. 77: Load Volume Scanner with RFID

What does it mean the RFID in SCM:

Manufacturer

Traceable warrantees;

Targeted recalls;

Better quality control;

Enhanced visibility;

Security and counterfeiting protection;

Increased asset utilization;

Increased labor productivity;

Superior WMS;

Utilization of JIT;

Better sequencing of WIP materials;

Asset tracking;

Reduced shrinkage.

Distribution

Automatic ID of product and pallet contents;

Improved order accuracy;

Higher order fulfillment;

Enhanced labor productivity;

Enhanced visibility;

Express item picking;

Faster put-away times;

Theft prevention and enhanced security;

Fewer misdirected shipments;

Better un/loading times;

Superior WMS;

Utilization of JIT;

Reduced shrinkage;

High-level of automation;

Audit trails and route tracking;

Asset reduction;

Better management of reusable assets;

Improved forecasting and planning.

Retailer

Inventory visibility;

Reduced incidence of out-of-stocks;

Fewer expired products;

Increased labor productivity;

Improved customer service;

JIT inventory management;

Enhanced forecasting;

Increased sales;

Optimized recalls;

Faster unloading times;

Increased shipping accuracy;

Smart-shelves;

Self-checkout;

Theft and security enhancement.

RFID application in parking and access.

Safe and convenient solution for access control via handsfree is using IVA. The system has a wide range of applications, from commercial parking lots of companies and to airports, hospital access.

RFID application in traffic management.

Traffic management technology helps identify and prioritize vehicles, in order to create free flow lanes to emergency services or public transportation .This is done by monitoring traffic to avoid jams. Vehicles wishing to enter the downtown area must pass the access point with barriers or hydraulic bollards. By using the RFID system, only authorized vehicles are allowed.

RFID application in industrial AVI.

The RFID system can also be used to add more value to a client's business. A "reader" connected to a fuel pump or scales can transmit data on vehicle weight and ID tag is transmitted to a central host. Vehicle weight loaded or downloaded is automatically entered in the system. The information can then be used to create invoices, time stamps or achieve control of waste management.

Equipment’s:

Semi passive RFID technology: 2,45 GHz

Passive technology: ISO18000-6c at 860 – 960 MHz

The RFID reader can be configured and controlled via several interfaces such us Ethernet(TCP/IP), RS232, RS485 and Wiegand-Magstripe:

Readers also called interrogators;

Fixed – doorways, portal or entrance / exit;

Handheld – portable ergonomic design;

Wireless – have capability to communicate with external network such WIFI;

Mobile – used by employees or mounted to forklift.

Fig. 78: Type of reader’s

The RFID tags can be attach to anything:

Pallets;

Cases of products;

Company assets;

Personal item such as apparel;

Vehicles etc.

Fig. 79: Type tags

GPS systems

The Global Positioning System (GPS) consists of about 30 satellites orbiting the Earth at an altitude of 20000 Km. The system was originally developed by the US government for military navigation, but now anyone have a GPS device, regardless it's a SatNav, mobile phone or handheld GPS unit can receive radio signals emitted by satellite. Regardless of your geographical position, there are always a total of four visible satellites. Each of these transmits data on position and current time at regular intervals. These signals, traveling at light speed, are received by the GPS receiver, which calculates the distance to each satellite signal based on the time needed to reach them.

After receiving information on the range achieved at least 3 satellites can make your location using a process called trilateration.

GPS tracking system

Global Tracking System is the easiest way to identify the position of an object. It can be placed inside a vehicle, a mobile phone or GPS devices also special can be fixed or portable. GPS provides accurate location information. It can also track the movement of a vehicle or a conclusion person. In GPS, tracking system can be used within a company.

A delivery truck within a company can easily determine the route using GPS tracking technology.

GPS network is based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). This network includes a number of built satellites using microwave signals, which are transmitted GPS devices for delivery location information, vehicle speed, time, and direction. In other words, GPS tracking system can provide both real-time information and data returned in any way.

Fig. 80: GPS tracking

A GPS tracking system can work in various ways. From a commercial perspective, GPS devices are generally used to record the position of vehicles as they make their journeys. Some systems will store the data within the GPS tracking system itself (known as passive tracking) and some send the information to a centralized database or system via a modem within the GPS system unit on a regular basis (known as active tracking) or 2-Way GPS.

GPS tracking systems are:

Passive

Passive GPS location is used for purposes of monitoring, data will then be stored travel as a result of certain events. A good example is the case of a device that has traveled in the last 12 hours, the GPS system is able to authenticate their data. Passive GPS tracking system uses either the internal memory or a memory card for storage of data will be downloaded to a computer for analysis. Sometimes the data is transmitted wirelessly downloaded automatically to predefined locations or you can specify certain points during the trip

Active

An active GPS tracking system is known as a real-time system because the system automatically sends information to a portable GPS tracking system central or real-time as it happens. It is used especially for commercial and fleet tracking or monitoring information from people such as children and the elderly because a caregiver will know the location of their loved ones. It can be used within a company to monitor employee behavior because they work on the simplification of internal processes and procedures for delivery fleets.

Real-time tracking is quite useful in terms of automobile safety because the owner I will indicate the exact location of the car at a time. It can be used in the police to identify the location of a stolen vehicle.

Advanced systems determine where the mobile phone resides and about estimates also the distance from the base station. Further approximation can be achieved by interpolating signals between adjacent antenna towers. Qualified services achieve an accuracy of up to 50 meters in urban areas where mobile traffic and density of antenna towers (base station) is large enough.

GSM localization

GSM localization technology bust just to mention that radio location could be based on:

Received radio signal strength which is the main criteria used by the mobile terminal to select the serving cell

Propagation Time measurement on Time of Arrival (TOA) or Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)

Angle of Arrival (AOA)

Multiple path analysis

GSM localization is the use of multilateration to determine the location of GSM mobile phones, usually with the intent to locate the user. Localization-based systems can be broadly divided into:

Network based

Network-based techniques utilize the service provider's network infrastructure to identify the location of the handset. The advantage of network-based techniques (from mobile operator's point of view) is that they can be implemented non-intrusively, without affecting the handsets.

The accuracy of network-based techniques varies, with cell identification as the least accurate and triangulation as the most accurate. The accuracy of network-based techniques is closely dependent on the concentration of base station cells, with urban environments achieving the highest possible accuracy.

Handset based

Installing a soft phone client enter surgery necessary if we are to determine its location to an emergency call. This technique determines the phone's location by determining the location or origin of the signal that is transmitted to neighboring points of the transporter.

In always where your GPS receiver possesses carrier will transmit more accurate information about the location.

This technology involves the installation of client software on the mobile phone, this is a great disadvantage because of the difficulty of installing the software on your phone without user permission.

Another issue is compatibility with certain operating systems. It requires the active cooperation of the mobile subscriber, and software must be able to handle different mobile operating systems. Usually Smartphone’s, such as one based on Symbian, Windows Mobile, iPhone / Android iPhone OS or would be able to run such software.

Fig. 81: General architecture

Hybrid

Hybrid positioning systems use a combination of network-based and handset-based technologies for location determination.

One example would be Assisted GPS, which uses both GPS and network information to compute the location. Hybrid-based techniques give the best accuracy of the three but inherit the limitations and challenges of network-based and handset-based technologies.

Table 2: Hybrid operation

GPS navigation system

A GPS navigation system is a GPS receiver and audio/video (AV) components designed for a specific purpose such as a car-based or hand-held device or smartphone app.GPS receivers find their location by coordinating information from three or four satellite signals. That information includes the position of the satellite and the precise time of transmission. With three signals, any 2D position can be found on earth; additional satellite signals make it possible to find altitude.

GPS technology works in almost any condition and is accurate to within 3-15 meters, depending on the number of signals received, the spread of satellites in the sky and the technologies used in the receiver.

GPS Fleet systems:

The GPS fleet systems allow you to manage your business and resources effectively, providing access to vital information that helps improve your services and reduce costs. GPS tracking systems are easy to use and delivered fully tested and activated so you can start tracking your vehicles right away.

GPS tracking devices:

Cellular tracking:

Tracks real-time vehicle location, speed and heading 24/7;

No wiring required;

Certified by AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon Wireless;

Internal antennas and battery backup in case of driver tampering or theft.

Passive tracking:

No power required;

Passive tracking using internal, replaceable battery lasting 7 years with 1 update per day;

1 update per day standard (2, 3, 4 and 6 per day available);

Internal antennas for concealed installation to thwart tampering;

Certified by AT&T and T-Mobile to ensure reliability;

Internal motion sensor.

Satellite tracking

Real-time tracking no matter where you’re located;

Uses least-cost routing of GPS messages;

Sends via cellular when available;

Switches to satellite when out of cellular coverage area;

Great for vehicles traveling in other areas where cellular coverage is spotty.

GPS platform

Real-time monitoring;

Comprehensive data report;

Geo-fence;

Intuitive Web interface and Mobile apps;

Flexibility with modularization design solution;

Scalability of millions of data;

Customized Service;

7/24 technical support.

Fig. 82: GPS platform

Wi-Fi systems

Wi-Fi uses radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic frequency spectrum associated with radio wave propagation to transmit data between sender and receiver, without the need for a physical connection, wired. When an antenna receives a RF current, it creates an electromagnetic field able to propagate through space

Any wireless network (wireless) is based on an access point (AP). The primary role of an access point is transmitting a wireless signal detected by the computer, following later to synchronize with it. Without the use of a wireless adapter to a computer is not allowed access to a wireless network or an access point.

Devices incorporating this technology are forced to wear a seal on the package with the statement 'Wi-Fi CERTIFIED' together with an indication of the frequency band used (2.5GHz for 802.11b, 802.11g, or 802.11n, and 5GHz for 802.11).

Smart Wi-Fi for Warehousing

In the large deposits wireless technology implementation plan is supposed to be a nearly impossible. Huge areas between metal shelves filled with a variety of Wi-Fi portable devices, vehicles moving, constantly changing environmental conditions, and no ubiquitous Ethernet connectivity is an enormous challenge.

Smart Mesh uses the best techniques for avoiding interference to ensure a reliable and ubiquitous coverage Wi-Fi essential work of implementing a storage medium that works on radio frequency.

A dashboard customized widget allows access through a single on system information such as information about its use, recent activity guide customers the most active access points most frequented devices rogue and stats in real time – simplifying the troubleshooting- ideal for storage environments that already have extensive IT staff.

To save time warehouses can use long-range smart Wi-Fi bridges over distances of 1 to 15km. New 802.11n 5 GHz Wi-Fi bridges deliver from 50 to 200 Mbps of high-capacity broadband connections into warehouse facilities — saving potentially tens of thousands of dollars every year by eliminating costly fixed line connections to remote sites.

Smart Wi-Fi Delivers Warehousing’s Most Flexible Deployment Options:

Internet Access;

VoIP;

Guest Networking;

RTLS /RFID;

Staff Administration;

Back Office Administration.

Supply Chain Optimization

Equipment is for Smart Wi-Fi of Warehousing:

Indoor:

Seamless interoperability;

Advanced Wi-Fi security;

Massive scalability;

Best-in-class performance;

Robust WLAN management;

Up to 300 Mbps of user throughput and 128 unique antenna patterns per band;

Up to 4dB of signal-to-interference and noise (SINR) improvement and up to 15dB of interference mitigation;

BeamFlex+ and Transmit beam forming capable.

Fig. 83: Wi-Fi architecture

Capable of supporting over 500 clients;

Admission control/load balancing;

Support for isochronous, multicast IP video streaming;

Four queues per client station;

27 BSSIDs with unique QoS and security policies;

WEP, WPA-PSK (AES), 802.1X support;

Zero-IT and Dynamic PSK;

Smartmesh Networking;

Captive portal and guest accounts;

RADIUS and Active Directory support.

Outdoor:

Integration, dual-polarized directional smart antenna;

802.11n, operating in the 5GHz band;

Up to 190 Mbps at 1.5 km;

Up to 165 Mbps at 3 km;

Up to 100 Mbps at 5 km;

Up to 50 Mbps at 10 km;

15km maximum range;

No external antennas;

AES-based, the wireless bridge link is secure and can scale to support multiple networks segmented by VLANs;

802.3af power over Ethernet support;

Internal 17dBi directional antenna;

Liberal 30-degree, 3dB beam width antenna.

Smart WLAN controller:

Deploy a network with high availability;

Deliver an optimal wireless experience to mobile users;

Scale your network with Ruckus’ granular and flexible cloud-based licensing;

Easy-to-monitor network stats with up to 30 days of AP and client data storage;

10 Gbps data throughput per node for next-generation 11ac networks;

Control/management and data delivered separately through dedicated redundant ports ensuring optimal performance;

The web-based.

Fig. 84: WLAN controller architecture

Smart Wi-Fi for Urban Traffic

Understanding who is using the road, where they are going and whether they get there on time is essential for policymakers, traffic managers, and drivers alike.

By placing Wi-Fi devices (sensors) along the road, it is possible:

to measure flow;

with sensors nestled in specific points along roads, transit networks and in public places can detect Bluetooth or Wi-Fi devices in discoverable mode found in mobile phones or communications system of a car.

When a device passes the sensor, a unique ID called MAC address is recorded and encrypts. By re-device identification from multiple sensors, crossing time, average speed and dwell time are available.

calculate journey times;

queue monitoring.

This helps drivers to better plan time spent in travel. The device provides detailed real-time information on travel time and speed by measuring displacement sensors using the WI-FI and a Bluetooth device, and data received from third parties such as cameras, ANPR, loops and more.

Since the device deals with real-time traffic monitoring, this solution is able to detect incidents and congestion, through anomalies in the traffic flow in a very short time, from seconds. This rapid detection allows faster transmission of alarm signals, allowing authorized personnel to respond to emergency before the problem was worse.

origin and destination analysis

The adaptive solution detects incidents and changes in traffic patterns, identifies problem areas, and provides trustworthy data about the capacity of the existing roads;

travel information;

signal optimization.

With this data, traffic managers can monitor the roads in real time, allowing them to detect incidents and congestion in a matter of seconds.

This rapid detection allows traffic managers to respond to situations before they are exacerbated by additional congestion. Always-available congestion and speed monitoring also allows traffic managers to collect data from a far wider range of situations that can then be used to build predictive traffic models.

Equipment is for Urban Traffic:

Indoor:

2 x Wi-Fi radios ( 802.11 b/g/n );

2 X 5 dBi directional RHCP antennas;

10BASE-T ( Rj-45 ) 10/100 Mbit, auto sensing, 8-pin Rj connector;

Power over Ethernet (PoE 802.3af 48V);

Frequency band: 2.4 GHz.

Outdoor:

Wi-Fi Technical Data;

2 x Wi-Fi receiving radios;

Placement: Opposite 180°;

Beam width: 70°/70°;

Front/Back ratio: 10Db;

Frequency band: 2.4 GHz.

Platform:

Module Server integrates, analyzes and combines sensor data sources and third parties such as, but not limited to: FIDSA, boarding readers goes machines X-ray, metal detectors and Wi-Fi networks, all in a single server .The processed data are presented in a multilingual web-based graphical interface, paintings, graphics, and Google Maps integration. Users are able to create and customize dashboards with a range of widgets displaying information of the current situation. Users can predefine and automatic alarm thresholds on certain incidents, when those thresholds are exceeded .These alarms can range from e-mails, text messages, HTTP and others.

Server core module allows users to design, implement and display real time waiting public, and applications websites on your phone. Data is also available in XML format via http request. The information’s are exportable to CSV and XML formats. Results can also be extracted from open API-based interface that allows fast and efficient integration of management systems, providing full access to all test results. Live with automatic alarms and recovery, dealing with incidents before they escalate into problems

Smart Wi-Fi for Traffic Enforcement

It is a part of WIFI infrastructure that enables communication between moving vehicles and a central node. A Wi-Fi card is placed on board all vehicles. The card can link that to different Wi-Fi access points (SPA) in infrastructure along the roads of a city, where APs will be available at all intersections.

Due to the design of the system it needs WI cared AP intersections and roundabouts that work. The link between them is done through wired Ethernet switch to a '' zone '' which is a small geographic area. These areas are also connected to larger centers, '' AREAS '' representing large geographic areas. Finally connect all areas is higher at a central traffic unit administrative central database containing the records. These wireless access points transmit a signal light vehicles in intersections or roundabouts repeated at a certain time. All vehicles are equipped with a processor receivers connected to WI FI card. All of signal light sent through an AP consist of traffic regulations on this field, which are received by the processor of the vehicle. This processor board used for purposes of monitoring vehicle headlamp package and report any anomalies. In case this happens, the vehicle immediately transmits a packet nearest the AP will then is sent to the monitoring station and vehicles add to the violation of section central database.

Fig. 85: Smart Wi-Fi for Traffic