T. Rus, C. Moldoveanu, V. Danciu [601534]

T. Rus, C. Moldoveanu, V. Danciu
Considerations on the State of Romanian National Geodetic Network

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE STATE
OF ROMANIAN NATIONAL GEODETIC NETWORK

Tiberiu RUS, Lecturer PhD. Eng, Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Faculty of
Geodesy – Technical Unive rsity of Civil Engineering Bucharest, Romania, [anonimizat]
Constantin MOLDOVEANU, Prof. PhD. Eng., De partment of Geodesy and Photogrammetry,
Faculty of Geodesy – Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, Romania,
[anonimizat]
Valentin DANCIU, Lecturer PhD. Eng, Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry,
Faculty of Geodesy – Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, Romania,
[anonimizat]

Abstract:
Achieving National Geodetic Network (RGN ) has come over the years a number of
stages, starting from astronomical measurements (coordinates, azimuths), continuing with
direction and distance measurements in triangul ation networks realized by optical then
electro-optical instruments , while levelli ng determinations, supplemented in part by
gravimetric determinations, culminating in the la st decade with satellite measurements
(GNSS).
In the analysis of (national) geodetic ne tworks may be taken into account in
particular, aspects of: datum (reference system), coordinates, measurement technologies,
types of measurements, processing models, legislative, organizational and economic
requirements.
This paper presents relevant aspects of RG N evolution, with emphasis on the last ten
years stage in close connection with increased use of satellite technology (GNSS) in geodetic
networks achievement at gl obal, regional and national levels.
Keywords: national geodetic/spatial network, triangulation, levelling, gravimetry,
GNSS

1. Background
1.1 Triangulation network
Romania as European country has develo ped a national geodetic network (NGN) in
accordance with economy, technology and sc ience development on this field. National
geodetic network was based befo re the satellite geode tic era to astronomical determinations
(Laplace points) and the concept of “fundamen tal” geodetic reference data (origin, rotation
angles, major semiaxis, flattening), and “fundamental” control points.
Old Romania triangulation, before the 2
nd World War, has “Dealul Piscului”
(Bucharest) astronomical fundame ntal point based on the hypothe sis of coincidence between
the geoid and Hayford ellipsoid and astr onomical azimuth on fundamental point.
A second important phase in Romanian NGN development was the phase of first
triangulation chains (Ist order; 374 points w ith 337 from Romania and 37 outside; 8 distance
baselines) covering Romania (Fig.1) , adjusted in 1956-1958 and 1962 (Fig.2) together with
similar triangulation of former socialist c ountries. The geodetic reference data included
Pulkovo fundamental point, Krasovski ellipso id and astronomical azimuth on fundamental
139

point. Triangulation network of IInd order included 1224 points (337 from Ist order), IIIrd
order included 4073 points (1224 from IInd order) and IVth order included 8708 points (4073 from IIIrd order). The triangulation density point s was of 1 point/20 sqkm and the precision of
about 10-15 cm [Dragomir et al. 1986].

Fig.1 Triangulation network – Ist order (1956-1958) Fig.2 Triangulation network – Ist order (1962)
[Dragomir et al., 1986]

A third phase of Romanian NGN development was between 1966-1970 when the
triangulation network was improved by new observations (especially new baselines measured with electronic distance instrume nts; about 80 baselines with le ngth between 15 and 41 km),
new adjustments based on new concepts and so ftware development. The main contribution to
the realization od NGN was done by Military Topog raphic Directorate (DTM) and Institute of
Geodesy, Photogrammetr y, Cartography and Land Use (IGFCOT).
In a fourth phase (1970-1990), Romanian NGN was improved with additional distance
measurements including astronomic observations , distance measurements (compact networks
for big towns) and angular observations. Ro manian NGN was extended in the Danube Delta.
In 1984 was performed first Doppler (satellite ) campaign in Romania. After 1990, Global
Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), mainly GPS (Global Positioning System) have been used in Romania in order to develop a new (satellite) geodetic network.

1.2 Gravimetric network
Romanian NGN includes the gravimetric networ k as base for the realization of the
national height reference system. First gravime tric determinations in Romania have been
realized in 1947 and 1948 by establishment of the geophysical observatory in
Surlari/Caldarusani with te trapendulum Askania instrument connected with Potsdam
international fundame ntal gravity station (prof.M.Socole scu). Other observations have been
performed with instruments as Norgaard (S weden), GAK (Soviet Union), Sharp and Worden
(Canada). After 1950 up to 1957 was designed a nd realized Ist order gravimetric network
including 15 stations on the main Romanian airports. IInd order gravimetric network was
design to include 216 stations, but was not fi nalized. Romania joined IGSN71 (International
Gravity Standardization Net). In a second phase after 1976, the Ist and IInd order gravimetric
network was re-designed (Fig.3a). Ist order network included 21 stations (+/-0.1mgals) and
IInd order network included 223 stations (+/-0.02 mgals). The observations were realized with
Worden and Sharp instruments calibrated on a base closed to Brasov (M.Mihailescu and
V.Rosca). The results were used for normal hei ght reference system realization in Romania.
Normal height corrections were computed on closed leveling polygons. In the same time
based on the gravimetric deflecti on of the vertical, a quasigeoid height was determined for the
Ist order triangulation netw ork (I.Diaconu, 1975). After 1990 the Ist and IInd order

“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia RevCAD 14/2013

140

T. Rus, C. Moldoveanu, V. Danciu
Considerations on the State of Romanian National Geodetic Network

gravimetric network (Fig.3b) was observed with LaCoste&Romberg instruments by DTM in
cooperation with NIMA (USA). The network includes 19 Ist order stations – +/-0.08 mgals and 222 IInd order stations – +/ -0.13mgals [Rotaru and Cioanc ă, 1996].

Fig.3a First order gravimetric network (1976) Fig.3b First order gravimetric network (1995)
Recent absolute gravity observations were performed in Romania by foreign teams
from Germany (in 1994-1995 for the UNIGRACE project and EUVN project), USA(1996)
and Austria (2004). Gravity data at the present are not sufficient for the development of an
(quasi)geoid model with an accuracy of 10 cm or better . The EGG97 geoid model available
from IAG was purchased by NACLR and tested in order to improve it locally by geometric
method (local data and ellipsoidal heights from GPS). A new geometric quasigeoid solution
was calculated in 2010 (TUCE Bucharest) based on EGG97 and about 600 ground markers with ETRS89 ellipsoidal heights and normal he ights (Black Sea 1975 datum). Further efforts
should be done for the moderniza tion of the gravity network.

1.3 Levelling network
The national reference system for the heig hts in Romania is Black Sea 1975 datum.
Normal heights are available for the National Leveling Network. The National Leveling
Network it is divided in 5 or ders (function of precision). The National Precise Leveling
Network of I
st order consisted in a number of 19 pol ygons with a length of 6600 km and
includes 6400 points with a density of 1 point/km2. 24 leveling lines esta blish the connections
with neighbour countries: 2 with Ukraine, 1 w ith Republic of Moldova, 6 with Bulgaria, 10
with Serbia/Montenegro and 5 with Hungary. This network was densified until 32 polygons with levelling networks of II
nd -Vth order (Fig. 4) .
The Romanian contribution to UELN (2000) contains the nodal points of the polygons
of first order (65 points) and 89 levelling observations.

Fig.4. Romanian Ist order levelling network Fig.5 Romanian EUVN stations
141

The EUVN97 (European Unified Vertical Network 1997) included 4 points from the
Romanian Levelling Network: RO01 (Sirca-Iasi), RO02 (Constanta), RO03 (Timisoara) and
RO04 (Tariverde – Height 0) points measured with GPS technology and absolute gravity
(Fig.5) . For these points the known ETRS89 coor dinates and normal heights (precise
levelling) in Black Sea 1975 datum were determ ined together with absolute gravity.

Fig.6 EUVN-DA stations Fig.7 Romanian contribution to EUVN_DA project (2009)
For the ECGN (European Combine Geodetic Network) project in September 2004,
Austrian Federal Office of Metrology a nd Surveying (BEV– Bundesamt fuer Eich-und
Vermessungswessen) in cooperation with Romanian National Ag ency for Cadastre and Land
Registration (NACLR) and Military Topographic Directorate, performed an absolute gravity observation campaign in Romania. A number of 4 absolute gravity stations were observed by JILAg-6 absolute gravimeter. Romania participated with such information to the EVRS realization – EVRF2000. After 2000 year Romania fu rther contributed by providing new data
including 43 stations with ETRS89 ellipsoidal heights and normal height s in national height
reference system (Fig.7). This was the contribution to the EUVN_DA (Densification Action)
project with final result the EVRF2007 realization (Fig.6) . 25 European countries participated
and submitted the data of more than 1500 high quality GPS/le veling benchmarks.
The submitted data was validated and converted into uniform reference frames. The
final report was discussed at Technical Working Group meeting and presented at the
EUREF2009 symposium, held in Florence (Ita ly). The results were circulated to all
contributing National Mapping Agencies includi ng Romanian National Agency for Cadastre
and Land Registration (NACLR).
This action it is continued in Romania by NA CLR. For each county it is planned to be
realized a number of minimum 5 such stations . Until 2010 there were fully covered a number
of 10 counties. New data should be provided periodically to the EUREF for inclusion in new
EVRF realizations.
As a final EVRF2007 realization in Romania, a standard transf ormation parameters
were computed by EVRF computing centre from Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG, Germany). These set of parameters realize the transformation of normal heights from Black Sea 1975 System to EVRF2007 (RO_CONST / NH to EVRF2007). Transformation parameters were derived from 43 identical points (UELN nodal points) with a
transformation RMS of 0.004 m, and residual deviation be tween -0.012 m and +0.013 m. A

“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia RevCAD 14/2013

142

T. Rus, C. Moldoveanu, V. Danciu
Considerations on the State of Romanian National Geodetic Network

general view of the EVRF2007 realization in comparison with national height reference
systems can be seen on the next picture (Fig.8) .

Fig.8 Mean differences between EVRF2007 and national height reference systems

2. European Trends on Coordinate and Reference Systems
At present (after 2000 year) the challenges re garding the lack of availability, quality,
organization, accessibility, and shar ing of spatial information are common to a large number
of policies and activ ities and are experienced across the vari ous levels of public authority in
Europe.
In order to solve these problems it is nece ssary to take measures of coordination
between the users and providers of spatial information. The Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council adopted on 14 March 2007 aims at establishing an
Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) for environmental policies, or policies and activities that have an impact on the environment. The spatial data basis includes the definition and practical availability of specific coordinate and reference systems (CRS).
Coordinate reference systems are defined as being “ Systems for uniquely referencing
spatial information in space as a set of coordinates (X, Y, Z) and/or latitude and longitude and height, based on a geodetic horiz ontal and vertical datum”.
For the three-dimensional and two-dimensional coordinate reference systems and the
horizontal component of compound coordinate re ference systems used for making available
the INSPIRE spatial data sets available, the datum shall be the datum of the European
Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89) in areas within its geographical scope, or the
datum of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) or other geode tic coordinate
reference systems compliant with ITRS in areas that are outside the geographical scope of ETRS89. Compliant with the ITRS means that th e system definition is based on the definition
of the ITRS and there is a well documented re lationship between both systems, according to
EN ISO 19111. For the computation of latitude, l ongitude and ellipsoidal height, and for the
143

computation of plane coordinates using a suitable mapping projection, th e parameters of the
GRS80 ellipsoid shall be used.
For the vertical component on land, the European Vertical Refe rence System (EVRS)
shall be used to express gravit y-related heights within its ge ographical scope. Other vertical
reference systems related to the Earth gravity field shall be used to express gravity-related heights in areas that are outside the geographical scope of EVRS.
As was presented above, Romania as EU member should follow the INSPIRE
directive and other European standards proposed or recommended by responsible organizations as EUREF and Eurogeographics . In the last decades geodetic and cartographic
activities in Romania were in progress accord ing to the economy and social situation.
Economical development in our country after in tegration into European Union concluded to
some positive effects . The National Agency for Cadastre and Land Registration (NACLR) under Ministry of Regional Development a nd Tourism (formerly under Ministry of
Administration and Interior) is the state respons ible institution for civil geodetic and mapping
activities in Romania. From a self financing public institution NACLR was transformed since
2009 in a state budget institution. NACLR includes the national mapping activities and 42 Cadastre and Land Registration Offices. As research and production institution acts the National Centre for Geodesy, Cartography, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Due to the economical situation in 2009 and 2010, NACLR was reorganized by decreasing the
employees number.

3. National Geodetic Spatial Network

According to the global and European trends in the field of modern geodetic networks,
Romania followed this trend by promotion and implementation of a new high accurate geodetic network in the time interval 2004-2010. The new geodetic network it is build as an
active continuously operating network. As technological equipments the GNSS (GPS and
GPS+GLONASS) receivers are included into the network.
Starting in 1991 with first GPS equipmen ts and continued in 1999, when it was
installed the first GPS permanent station in Romania (BUCU) at the Faculty of Geodesy – Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest in cooperation with Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy Frankfurt a.M. (Germany), the new methods of global satellite positioning were introduced in Romania.
In 2001 the National Office for Cadastre, Geodesy and Cartography (reorganized in
2004 as National Agency for Cadastre and Land Registration) insta lled 5 GPS permanent
stations in Braila, Suceava, Cluj, Sibiu, Timisoara (BRAI, SUCE, CLUJ, SIBI, TIMI) as a necessity for precise geodetic measurements in the area. Romania as a CERGOP (Central European Regional Geodynamic Project) count ry member installed two GPS permanent
stations in Craiova and Constanta in 2004 (CRAI, COST). In 2005 the continuously
modernization of the National GNSS Permanent Network consisted in the installation of 5 new GPS permanent stations in Bacau, Deva, Baia Mare, Oradea and Sfântu Gheorghe (BACA, DEVA, BAIA, ORAD, SFGH). With th eir own funds or from PHARE and World
Bank, the GNSS network was continuously exte nded by NACLR in 2007-2010. At the end of
2010 the Romanian GNSS permanent networ k included 60 GPS and GNSS permanent
stations installed by NACLR and one GNSS permanent station installed at the Faculty of Geodesy, Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest Bucharest. The EUREF (EPN) station BUCU was introduced into the IGS network since 2005 and was modernized in 2008
with the help of the Federal Agency for Cart ography and Geodesy Frankfurt a.M. (Germany).

“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia RevCAD 14/2013

144

T. Rus, C. Moldoveanu, V. Danciu
Considerations on the State of Romanian National Geodetic Network

Other 6 stations were modernized in 2009 by replacing old equipmen ts (Leica System 530)
with new equipments (Lei ca 1200 GNSS+, AR25 antennas).
Romania it is member of the EUPOS (European Position Determination System)
organization contributing to the standards a dopted by members from 18 Central and East
European countries and EUPOS infrastructure by realizing ROMPOS (Romanian Position
Determination System) based on the 60 GPS and GNSS permanent stations (Fig.9a, Fig.9b) .

Fig.9a Romanian National GNSS Permanent Network (ROMPOS) a nd neighbour stations

Fig.9b Final Romanian National GNSS Permanent Network (ROMPOS) – 2012 (?)
(red – IGS/EUREF/EUPOS sites; blue – EUPOS sites; green – future sites)
145

The vector length between the ROMPOS GNSS permanent stations are presented
below (Fig.10) .

Fig.10 ROMPOS distances betw een permanent stations (2010)
(red – IGS/EUREF/EUPOS sites ; included stations from BG, SR, HU and UA))
In January 2006, the NACLR integrated in the EUREF-EPN (European Permanent
Network) 4 new GPS permanent stations: BACA, BAIA, COST and DEVA as a contribution
to the European reference frame maintenance and other special projects (Fig.11) . The
EUREF-EPN GPS station in Constanta (COST) it is located near to a tide gauge and it is connected with this by precise leveling. The accuracy for the coordinates of the stations are better than +/- 1cm. All stations are Class A according to EUREF-EPN standards.

Fig.11 IGS and EUREF-EPN stations in Romania (Bucu, Baia, Baca, Cost, Deva)

“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia RevCAD 14/2013

146

T. Rus, C. Moldoveanu, V. Danciu
Considerations on the State of Romanian National Geodetic Network

The National Spatial Geodetic Network (NSGN) it is de fined as the total ground
points that have coordinates determined in the ETRS89 Coor dinate Reference System and
normal heights in Black Sea 1975 reference system , with the possibility to be transformed
into the Vertical European System (EVRS). The NSGN (GNSS) was proposed to be divided
into “classes” to be separated from the old tria ngulation network divide d in “orders”. National
Spatial Geodetic Network is structured on classe s, using the precision and density criteria, as
in the following table (Tab.1).

Table 1. Classification of the NSGN components
Network class ID MSE
(cm) No. points/Density/
Distribution Domain / Observations
National Spatial Geodetic
Network Class A0 A0 1.0 5 GNSS permanent
stations
(IGS and EUREF-
EPN)
1 point / 50000 km2
Uniform distribution- link to the global and European
geodetic networks; – regional and local geodynamics measurements, deformation
determination, real time
positioning services, Meteorology
National Spatial Geodetic
Network Class A A 1.0
73 GNSS permanent
stations
1 point / 3250 km2
Uniform distribution – link to the class A0 network, – regional and local geodynamics measurements, deformation determination, real time
positioning services,
Meteorology
National Spatial Geodetic
Network Class B
B
2.0 330 points
1point ./700km2
Uniform Distribution – regional and local geodynamics
measurements, high precision
topographic determinations
National Spatial Geodetic
Network Class C
C
3.0 About 4750 points
1point/50km2
Uniform distribution – high precision topographic measurements, cadastre;
– partial realized
National Spatial Geodetic
Network Class D
D 5.0 At least 1point/5km2
even distribution – topographic measurements, densification networks, G.I.S.
– partial realized
MSE – Mean Square Error of the 3D position determination

Class B network (Fig.12) was observed in 2003 and the re sults were included into
national database in 2005. From the total number of stations about one third have geometric
levelling. A number of 86 stations are old triangulation markers observed by GPS with coordinates in nati onal geodetic reference system Krasovs ki ellipsoid and Stereographic 1970
projection system). Class B network was c onstrained on the Class A(A0) network. The
precisions for the coordinates of th ese stations are less than 2cm.
Class C network including more than 1000 stations was observed since 2005 till
present and it is not yet complete. The precisions for the coordinates of these stations are less than 3cm.
Class D network will be realized in general for cadastre with a no uniform
distribution and the precision of these stations will be less than 5 cm.
147

Fig.12 Class B – National Spa tial Geodetic Ne twork (NSGN)
(green – new monuments; blue – old monuments from triangulation network)

4. Conclusions and proposals

4.1 Realizations (+)
With a huge effort of our geodetic ance stors, in Romania was realized the
triangulation network at the state of art of those times. It was adjusted and plane positions are
available on the old datum (Krasovski ellipso id, Stereo70 projection plane). The leveling
network was developed on Baltic Sea and on Black Sea 1975 datum. By participation on
European projects (UELN, UNIGRACE, EUVN, EUVN_DA), national leveling network was integrated in European leveling network and EVRS (with last realization EVRF2007).
Romanian gravity network was realized in few phases, but not at the current European or
international levels.
With the aid of GNSS technology, a Nati onal Geodetic Spatial Network (NGSN) was
proposed to be realized and it is partially realized. A big expa nd was done by realization in
the last ten years of Romanian Position Determination Service (ROMPOS) including GNSS reference stations. At present some efforts are dedicated to the multipurpose geodetic ground markers with plane, height, GNSS, gravity (if pos sible) and time information. This is the trend
on present geodetic networks and projects as ECGN (European Combined Geodetic Network)
or TEGO (Towards European Geodetic Observatory).

4.2 Drawbacks (-)
At present both plane (triangulation) and leveli ng networks are quite old and some parts of
the ground markers were destroyed or damaged and are not available for practice purposes.
The National Geodetic Spatial Network (NSGN) shoul d use more new ground markers
with a better quality and the idea of multipurpose network . New leveling and new gravity

“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia RevCAD 14/2013

148

T. Rus, C. Moldoveanu, V. Danciu
Considerations on the State of Romanian National Geodetic Network

determinations needs to be realized for modernization of the national leveling network and NGSN realization.
ETRS89 was not yet fully implemented as long as it is mandatory only for geodetic
networks realized with GNSS technology and pan-European cartographic products. For the
rest of positions determination in Romania (for example, cadastre), the old reference system it
is still used. A proposal for fully implementa tion of ETRS89 (realization of NSGN and plane
projection on this datum), according to European standards, was realized since 2010, but was
not yet adopted until present. The ETRS89 realization in Romania it is now already old (based
on BUCU reference station) a nd a new realization should be implemented based on recent
EUREF realizations as ETRF2000 (R05/R08) . Other countries in Europe have adopted new
ETRS89 realizations and implemented new nati onal geodetic reference systems (Bulgaria,
Hungary, Moldova, Serbia et al.).
Geodetic and mainly GNSS national standards should be developed , especially for user
needs (GNSS densification a nd detail networks, details determination by GNSS) after
adoption of the new CRS in Romania.
Leveling and gravity observations must be realized for the new spatial network (NGSN).
At present (2010) we can observe that no one of the two responsible institutions in Romania for the national geodetic network (NACLR and DTM) do not have any gravimetric
equipment. Without such technology a Romanian quasigeoid will be not realized at 1 cm
accuracy for the GNSS leveling or other applications.
ROMPOS is not fully developed and offered to the users (not all stations purchased and
installed, not all possible serv ices offered, not enough promoted for users – old info on
website, not finalized data exchange with ne ighbors, not integrated all neighbor stations,
missing detailed ionosphere advisories et al.). In the same time if the personnel policy will
remain as in present (lack of personnel and rare new update courses) , ROMPOS and geodetic
activities in general will suffer. The geodetic personnel should be increased and trained and in
general more accent on continuous personnel education . There are training offers as those of
university research centres and others. Rese arch and development department from NACLR
should support new developments in geodesy (sta ndards, technologies, publications et al.).
GALILEO global positioning system and EGNOS augmentation system should be
promoted in Romania by practical means of st ate institutions (investments in equipments and
software), not only by more theore tical means of higher education.
In the same time the connection of Romanian geodetic authorities with similar authorities
from neighbor and European countries should be maintained close. Participation of Romania representatives on high level events in geodesy (as EUREF, EUPOS, IAG, FIG et al.) and European geodetic projects needs to be realized. Contacts between similar geodetic institutions and professionals (mainly with neighbors and European authorities) should be
maintained, otherwise the ”isolation” policy will conclude to drawbacks in this domain.
In conclusion, national ge odetic network play a similar role as those of highways in the
transportation sector. National geodetic network it is an important infrastructure in Romania and his maintenance and modern ization should be continuously considered mainly by state
responsible institutions (government, minis try, NACLR, DTM, higher education).
5. References
1. Avramiuc N., Dragomir P., Rus T., Algorithm for direct and inverse coordinate transformation between ETRS89 CRS and S-42 CRS, , Simpozion Stiin țific Interna țional,
“Actualitatea în cadastru”, Alba Iulia, 7-9 Mai 2009
149

2. Busuioc M., Rus T., Dragomir P., Avramiuc N., Dumitru P., F ădur M., Sorta V., Romanian
Position Determination System – ROMPOS, United Nations/Moldova/United States of
America Workshop on the Applications of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, 17-
21.05.2010, Chi șinău, Rep. Moldova
3. Dragomir P., Rus T., Avramiuc N., Dumitru P., F ădur M., Sorta V., ROMPOS for
Cadastre Applications, International Sympos ium on Global Navigation Satellite Systems,
Space-Based and Ground-Based Augmentation Sy stems and Applications 2009, Berlin,
Germany, 30 November – 2 December 2009 4. Dragomir P., Rus T., Avramiuc N., Dumitr u P., EVRF2007 as Realization of the European
Vertical Reference System (EVRS) in Romania, simpozionul internaț ional GeoCAD08, Alba
Iulia, 09-10 mai 2010 – articol publicat în Revista de Cadastru RevCAD 5. Dragomir P., Rus T., Avramiuc N., Dumitr u P., Draft of the Technical Normative
Regarding the Realization of the National Spa tial Geodetic Network and the Implementation
of the ETRS89 in Romania”, Conferin ța Națională – Tehnologii Moderne Pentru Milleniul
III, Ediția a 8-a, Oradea, 2010
6. Dragomir P., Rus T., Dumitru P, Facilit ăți oferite de Re țeaua Națională de Staț ii
Permanente GPS a României, Buletinul In formativ al Ministerului Administra ției și
Internelor Nr 1(66) / 2005 7. Dragomir P., Rus T., Dumitru P., F ădur M., Modernizarea Re țelei Nationale de Sta ții GPS
Permanente a României, Seminarul ș tiințific al Facultăț ii de Geodezie, Bucure ști, 4.05.2006;
8. Dragomir V. (Gral.lt.ing.), Rotaru M. (Col.ing.), M ărturii geodezice, Edit. Militar ă,
Bucuresti, 1986 9. Ghițău D., Geodezie și gravimetrie geodezic ă, Edit. Didactic ă și Pedagogic ă, Bucure ști,
1983
10. Ihde, J., Luthardt, J., Boucer, C., Dunkley, P., Farrell, B., Gubler, E., Torres, J.
European Spatial Reference Systems, (http://crs-geo.eu /References – Papers and
publications)
11. Rus T., National Report of Romania, 16th Conference of the International EUPOS®
Steering Committee, 8th Meeting on EUPOS® WG on System Quality, Integrity and
Interference Monitoring (SQII), and and 3rd EUPOS TCI Meeting, Berlin, Germany, 28 Nov.-
3 Dec. 2009 12. Rus T., 10 Ani de la Infiin țarea Laboratorului de Geodezie Spa țială. seminarul ș tiințific al
Facultății de Geodezie, 17.12.2009, Bucure ști
13. Rus T., National Report of Romania, 17
th Conference of the International EUPOS®
Steering Committee, 9th Meeting on EUPOS® WG on System Quality, Integrity and
Interference Monitoring (SQII), 27-28.05.2010, Novi Sad, Serbia *** IAG National Report on Geodetic and Geop hysical Activities 2003-2006, XXIVth IUGG
General Assembly, Pe rugia, 2-13 July 2007
*** IAG National Report on Geodetic and Ge ophysical Activities 2007-2010, XXVth IUGG
General Assembly, Melbourne , 28 June -7 July 2011

Acasă

(National Agency for Cadaster and Land Registration, Romania)
http://www.rompos.ro (ROMPOS website, Romania)
http://geodezie.utcb.ro/cercetare (Faculty of Geodesy, Bucharest, Romania)
http://www.epncb.oma.be (EUREF-EPN, Belgium).
http://crs.bkg.bund.de (CRS Portal, BKG, Germany)

“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia RevCAD 14/2013

150