Structural and Electrical Properties of CuNiO2 Nanoparticles [616950]

Materials Chemistry and Physics
Manuscript Draft

Manuscript Number: MATCHEMPHYS -D-17-00032

Title: Structural and Electrical Properties of CuNiO2 Nanoparticles
Prepared by Chem ical Route

Article Type: Full Length Article

Keywords: Keywords: Nanoparticles, Semiconductor; FTIR, Electrical
Properties.

3m of CuNiO2
nanoparticles were prepared by chemical route. The aver age grain size of
the synthesized product is in the order of 40 nm. Secondary phases of CuO
and NiO have been observed from the X -ray diffraction patterns. The
formation of the CuNiO2 nanoparticles is confirmed from FTIR analysis.
Scanning electron microsc opy studies clearly shows well defined grains
with a presence of porous structure. The Hall coefficient is found to be
–
type. The resistivity of the sample is increased due to applicati on of
magnetic field at room temperature which indicates that the CuNiO2
nanoparticles show positive magneto resistance effect at room
temperature.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Semiconductor; FTIR, Electrical Properties.

Research Highlights:
► Synthesis of nanoparticles of CuNiO 2 by chemical technique; ► Confirmation of the CuNiO 2
nanoparticles from FTIR analysis ; ► Synthesized CuNiO 2 exhibits feature of p -type
semiconductor, ► CuNiO 2 nanoparticles show positive magnetoresistance effect at room
temperature.

Highlights (for review)

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Structural and Electrical Properties of CuNi O2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Chemical Route
S. K. Paridaa*, Susanta Kumar Sahoob and D. K. Mishraa*
aDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (ITER), Siksha ‘O’
Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751030, India
bSchool of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
*E.mail: [anonimizat] ; [anonimizat]

Abstract
Tetragonal structure with space group of CuNi O2 nanoparticles were prepared by
chemical route . The average grain size of the synthesized product is in the order of 40 nm.
Secondary phases of CuO and NiO have been observed from the X -ray diffraction patterns. The
formation of the CuNiO 2 nanoparticles is confirmed from FTIR analysis. Scanning electron
microscopy studies clearly shows well defined grains with a presence of porous structure. The
Hall coefficient is found to be 3.997  106 (cm3/C) which indicates that the synthesized CuNiO 2
is of p-type. The resistivity of the sample is i ncreased due to application of magnetic field at
room temperature which indicate s that the CuNiO 2 nanoparticles show positive magneto
resistance effect at room temperature.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Semiconductor; FTIR, Electrical Properties.
–––––––––––––-
*Corresponding Author:
S. K. Parida and D. K. Mishra
Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (ITER), Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan
University, Bhubaneswar 751030, India
*E.mail: skparidaphysics@ gmail.com ; [anonimizat] *Manuscript
Click here to view linked References

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1. Introduction
The role of nano disorder on structural, electronic and magnetic properties of solids is an
important issue in condensed matter physics. Materials are never perfectly ordered and some
amount of disorder is always present. Due to disorder, local environment around different atomic
sites exhibits small changes. Microscopic properties like electron binding energy a nd magnetic
moment are different from perfectly periodic lattice. Many of the challenging problems within
solid state physics today are in some way or other connected to disorder in nano scale. When the
size of the particles of a solid reduced to nano scal e, causes change in chemical and physical
properties . This is why nanoparticles show different special properties related to mechanical,
thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical [ 1]. It is a lways a challenge for scientists to obtain
nanostructures with t he desired characteristics due to their potential technological and industrial
applications. So it is important to develop the methodol ogies for the synthesis of nano c rystalline
alloys which requires a strict control of the experimental conditions and of their correlation with
the structural characteristics and with the physicochemical properties of the final product [2-4].
The above properties mainly depend on size distribution, shape and chemical composition of the
constituting grains. Among various types of oxide systems, CuNiO 2 nanoparticles have been
used widely in different industrial applications d ue to extremely good in applications in
electronics, catalysis, and magnetic recording [5, 6]. There are different methods for synthesis of
CuNi nano particles like electrochemical procedures , reduction processes [7–14], mixture of both
oxides [15], fusion of c opper and nickel [16-18], sol-gel [19], microwave [2 0-21] and co –
precipitation [2 2]. But chemical method is a unique process because of c heap precursors, simple
preparation and a resulting ultra fine and homogeneous powder [ 23, 24]. The motivation of
preparing CuNiO 2 nanoparticles is that the synthesis of nanostructure materials in chemical

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process normally offer some advantages over the physical methods in connection to simplicity,
low cost, energy saving , short time of production and product homogeneity. In this wor k,
structural and electrical properties of CuNiO 2 nanoparticles synthesized by chemical route have
been discussed .
2. Experiment al detail
CuNi O2 nanoparticles were prepared using chemical route. First 10 ml copper nitrate
Cu(NO 3)2 whose mol ecular mass 187.56 g/mol and melting point 256 C was dissolved in water .
Similarly , 10 m l nickel nitrate Ni(NO 3)2 whose mol. mass 182.703 g/mol and melting point 56.7
C was also separately dissolved in water and then both the solutions were mixed to prepare a
saturated solution . Triethan ol amine (TEA) was added to the solution of Cu and Ni nitrate . Now,
a concentrated nitric acid was added to the solution to make the solution acidic and the resulting
solution was heated to 70 °C by a hot plate having heat control system and continues stir ring by
a glass rod . The solvent was then removed at 100 °C until a viscous gel was obtained. The
dehydration was completed by gradual heating in a hot pla te up to 200 °C. The raw product
obtained after complete evaporation of solutions was calcined in a furnace at 650 C in presence
of O 2 atmosphere to remove the carbon . The calcined powders wer e subjected to X -ray
diffractometer (XRD) and F ourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer for structural
characterization. To know the average grain size and morphology of the powders, scanning
electron microscope studies has been carried out. To study the electrical properties CuNiO 2, the
dispersed CuNiO 2 were sprayed over a glass substrate and annealed at 200 C. The coatings done
on glass substrate are taken for Hall measurement by making four point contact probe technique
(Make: Ecopia HMS -3000, Korea) .

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3. Results and d iscussion

Figure 1: XRD pattern of CuNiO 2 and the inset shows SEM micrograph (* indicates
CuO and & indicates NiO)
The XRD pattern of CuNi O2 nanoparticles recorded using CuK α radiation is shown in Figure
1. The most intense (111) Brag reflections of the sample is observed at an angle of 37.115
degrees which indicates that the synthesized sample exhibit tetragonal structure with space
group . The lattice parameter (‘a’ and ‘c’) of CuNi O2 tetragonal system is calculated using
the Fullprof software are 4.134 Å and 4.347 Å respectively and the unit cell volume is 74.30 Å3
which closely agree with the corresponding reported values of 4.117 Å, 4.368 Å and 74.04 Å
(JCPDF # 06-0720 ). With addition to CuNiO 2 peaks, CuO and NiO peaks are also present in the
specimen. All diffractions peak s are indexed in Table 1. The average crystallite size calculated
using Scherrer equation [25] is about 40 nm. SEM micrograph of CuNiO 2 nanoparticles is shown
in inset of Fig. 1. T he SEM micrograph shows well define grain size and grain boundary with
porous structure. The grains are well connected and the average grain size is in the order of 40
nm.

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Table 1: Indexing of diffraction peaks .
observed
2
(degrees) Standard observation

32.5653 CuO
35.578 CuO
37.1552 CuNiO 2 NiO
38.7323 CuO
43.2211 CuNiO 2 NiO
46.3956 CuO
48.8827 CuO
53.5332 CuO
56.2647 CuO
58.206 CuO
61.63 CuNiO 2 CuO
62.7332 NiO
66.7332 CuO
68.1521 CuO
72.3876 CuNiO 2 CuO
75.2695 CuO NiO
79.094 CuNiO 2 CuO NiO

FTIR spectrum of CuNiO 2 nanoparticles is shown in Fig. 2. Three absorption bands in the
spectrum range of 500-3800 cm-1 were investigated. Three intense bands were centered at 1152
cm-1, 1395 cm-1 and 1636 cm-1 and are attributed to the stretching vibrations of C = C , C = O
and C -H groups in acetate species, which suggests its presents as absorbed species in the surface
of nanoparticles. The 1st band signal is appeared at around (1080 -1214 ) cm-1 which corresponds
to the Cu -O [26]. The 2nd band signal is appeared at around (1386 -1414) cm-1 which corresponds

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to the Cu -Ni ions [ 27]. The broad absorption peak centered at 1636 cm-1 corresponds to O -H
stretching of water indicating the existence of water in the surface of nanoparticles and confirms
the presence of Ni -O [28]. The observation of FTIR signifies the formation of CuNiO 2
nanoparticles with appearance of oxides of Cu and Ni.

Figure 2: FTIR spectrum of CuNiO 2 nanoparticles .
The electri cal property of CuNiO 2 nanoparticles have been measured by spraying over a glass
substrate and annealed at 200 C. All the Hall parameters were calculated at 20 nA current at 300
K. Bulk concentration and mobility of the specimen is found in the order of 1.562  1012 /cm3
and 9.639 cm2/Vs. The Hall coefficient is found to be 3.997  106 (cm3/C) which indicates that
the synthesized CuNiO 2 is of p-type. The resistivity of the samples is of the order of 4.147  104
ohm.cm and it increases with the application of magnetic field of 0.5 T. The increase in
resistivity due to application of magnetic field at room temperature indicates that the CuNiO 2
nanoparticles show positive magnetoresistance effect at room temperature.

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4. Conclusion
It is concluded that high pure single phase CuNiO 2 nanoparticles can be prepared by chemical
route if the synthesis parameters will be controlled properly . The synthesize d nanoparticles
exhibit tetragonal structure with space group . FTIR analysis establishes the formation of
CuNiO 2 nanoparticles . Hall Effect studies clearly reflect p -type semiconducting nature of the
synthesized CuNiO 2 nanoparticles . The resistivity of the sample is increased due to application
of magnetic field at room temperature which indicates that the CuNiO 2 nanoparticles show
positive magnetoresistance effect at room temperature.

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