Proceedings of 5th SARC -IRF International Conference, 25th May -2014, New Delhi, India, ISBN: 978 -93-84209 -21-6 [622722]

Proceedings of 5th SARC -IRF International Conference, 25th May -2014, New Delhi, India, ISBN: 978 -93-84209 -21-6
6 COMPARISON BETWEEN S OLAR STIRLING ENGINE AND OTHER
SOLAR DEVICES

1SUNNY TAK, 2RAVI PRAKASH SHARMA, 3SUNIL YADAV

1, 2, 3Student: [anonimizat], Maharishi Arvind Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Sector -7, Madhyam Marg, Mansarovar,Jaipur (302020), Rajasthan, India.

Abstract – Today worldwide concerns about the best way of utilization of the natural energy and developing tech nique to
reduce pollution. Stirling engine is one of the best example of heat engine which convert heat energ y into mechan ical work.
Stirling engine is based on Stirling cycle. Stirling engine is also operated by heat from sunrays. T he solar Stirling have be tter
efficiency than that of other solar device like photovoltaic cell, solar panel etc. the aim of this paper is to foc us on the
comparison between solar dish stirling engine and solar panel and photovoltaic cell in order to gene rate electricity. Solar d ish
Stirling is efficient to convert 1/3rd of sunlight into electricity. Ripasso energy, a solar technology company desig ned a new
Stirling dish modules that set a new record of 31 -32% efficiency. In this paper I review the new upcoming plans related to
solar Stirling engine that bring ours generation into new world. I also try to explore the future us e of Stirling engine an d how
it is better, effective and efficient than other solar devices. Many companies work in this field to make solar Stirling engi ne
as a less expensive product for customers. In the coming world solar dish Stirling engine replace th e photovoltaic cells a nd
other solar devices.

Keywords – heat energy, photovoltaic cell, pollution, Stirling cycle, Stirling engine.

I. INTRODUCTION

Today we are moving toward the use of natural
resource for the energy generation. Stirling engine is
one of the effective and efficient device to convert
solar energy into mechanical work. It is the best
device as compare to other solar device in power
generation. A Stirling cycle machine operates on a
closed regenerative thermodynamic cycle using a
Working gas, and subjects the gas to expansion and
compression processes at different temperatures.
Since Stirling engines are externally heated,
environmentall y very clean engine having high
theoretical cycle efficiency, they can be powered
using awide variety of fuels and heat sources such as,
combustible materials, solar radiation,geothermal h ot
water, radioisotope energy [4 ]. Based on the fuel use
for heating the Stirling engine it is available in
different form and size. In solar modules, Stirling –
Dish, the solar radiation is converted to electricity in
three stages. In the first stage, radiation is converted
to heat by focusing the solar radiation onto a light
absorbing heat pipe by means of a parabolic reflector.
In the second stage, the heat is converted to
mechanical power by a Stirling engine. In the final
stage, the mechanical power is converted to
electricity by an alternator [5].The dish modules
convert sunlight in most climates, however they have
proven to be most effective in hot and dry climates,
where the system converts one third of the solar
energy into electricity.

Now I will review seven most developed system [2]:-

1. Advanco’s Vanguard system by ADVANCO
in southern California (1982 -1985). 2. Schlaich -Bergermann and partner 50kw
system (1968 ).
3. Mcdonnell -Dogulas stirling engine system.
4. SB and Partner 10kw system.
5. Cummins power generation 7 and 25kw
system.
6. CPG 7kw system.
7. Science application international coperat ion
25kw system.

II. STIRLING ENGINE SET A NEW WORLD
RECORD

Stirling energy system along with Sandia National
Laboratories they announced a new world record for
a "solar -to-grid system conversion efficiency " of
31.25 percent over the previous record of 29.4
percent [9].Ripasso Energy, a solar technology
company based in Sweden, has designed a Solar
stirling dish modules that set a new efficiency world
record of 32% [7].The dish modules convert sunlight
in mos t climates, however they have proven to be
most effective in hot and dry climates, where the
system converts one third of the solar energy into
electricity.Stirling engines are significantly more
efficient at converting sunlight into energy than most
photo voltaic panels or concentrating solar power
plants, whether parabolic trough or tower designs.
The test units have reached 31 percent efficiency,
compared to 16 percent for parabolic troughs and
about 14 -18 percent for PV panels in use today.
Recent plan of solar Stirling engine for energy
production

World's largest solar installation to use Stirling
engine technology20 -year purchase agreement

Comparison Between Solar Stirling Engine And Other Solar Devices
Proceedings of 5th SARC -IRF International Conference, 25th May -2014, New Delhi, India, ISBN: 978 -93-84209 -21-6
7 between Southern California Edison and Stirling
Energy Systems, Inc. will result in 20,000+ dish
array, covering 4,500 acres, and capable of generating
500 MW – more electricity than all other present
U.S. solar projects combined.The agreement includes
an option to expand the project to 850 MW.Initially,
Stirling would build a one -MW test facility using 40
of the company’s 37 -foot-diameter dish assemblies.
(Each dish generates 25 kilowatts.) This phase is
slated to be completed in the first quarter of 2007.
One of the 40 -unit arrays capable of a 1 MW output,
will be dubbed a "solar power group" and will b e the
basis of modular calculations for future installations.
Subsequently, the 20,000 -dish array is to be
constructed near Victorville, California, during a
four-year period, starting in early 2008. If Edison opts
for the additional 350 MW installation, t hat will take
two more years, and will bring the total number of
panels to 34,000.Although Stirling dish technology
has been successfully tested for 20 years, the SCE –
Stirling project represents its first major application
in the commercial electricity -generation field.
Experimental models of the Stirling dish technology
have undergone more than 26,000 hours of successful
solar operation. A six -dish model Stirling power
project is currently operating at the Sandia National
Laboratories in Albuquerque, New M exico.However,
this isn't the first commercial application of Stirling
engine technology. For instance, Swedish submarines
use Stirling engines for propulsion. Infinia is one of a
growing number of companies focusing on the clean
energy sector. The initial solar Stirling engine design
from Infinia calls for 3 -kilowatt systems, which
roughly suits the power needs of a residential home.
Roughly 15 feet high, the dishes –which move to
maximize light input during the day –are meant to
compete against photovoltai c systems mounted on the
ground, rather than panels on a homeowner's roof.
Potentially, thousands of the generators can be placed
together if enough land is available, according to the
company [10].

III. NEW RESEARCH IN SOLA R STIRLING
ENGINE FOR MASS PRODUCTION

SES faced a manufacturing challenge in preparing its
Sun Catchers for mass production though. In order to
do this, SES turned to the experts in rapid production
of engines and related parts: the automotive industry.
In partnership with automoti ve companies such as
Tower Automotive and Linamar Corporation, SES
managed to reduce the parts in the PCU by 60 percent
(to about 650) and slash the weight of the entire
system by roughly 2,250 kilograms. Andraka
highlights one example of the upgrade: in t he original
engines, he points out, gas passed over the outside of
the engine, with pieces of tubes and fittings at either
end, requiring a total of approximately 20 parts. “On
the new engine, the gas passage is a part of the block
with no external parts. It’s much more reliable, much cheaper to assemble, with fewer parts and fewer
places to leak,” Andraka says. The new systems have
been running on test sites for more than 100,000
hours [8].

IV. COMPARISON BETWEEN S OLAR
STIRLING ENGINE AND OTHER SOLAR
DEVI CES

1) Advantages over photovoltaic cells
The US residential house uses 120 VAC electricity
but solar cells produce direct current (DC) voltage.
This means you have to have an inverter to transform
the electricity to a usable form for the house.
Thesterling engine can produce electricity at 120
VAC directly and also at 60 HZ which means the
output can be fed directly into the power grid. Multi –
junction photovoltaic cells (III –V), which can
Achieve relatively higher energy converting
efficiency than commonly us ed silicon cells, are
Usually made with poisonous materials like gallium
arsenide (GaAs) or cadmium telluride (CdTe), can
cause harm to the environment if leaked [1]. On the
other hand solar Stirling engine is ecofriendly.

2) Advantage over tower concentrating solar
power (CSP) technology
Solar Stirling engine has advantage over CSP
technology which also captures the sun’s heat. Most
CSP systems require significant amounts of water,
which has proven to be a challenge in desert regions
of the U.S. w here solar power is most attractive,
while Stirling engines require none other than small
amounts for cleaning the mirrors [8]. In addition, if
one engine goes down, it has minimal impact on
overall production.Tower CSP technology, which
doesn’t generate e lectricity until the entire system is
complete. The solar parabolic trough system doesn't
produce fluid temperature as high as solar dish –
stirling engine system.

3) Advantage over Solar Thermoelectricity [1]
According to the University of the Pacific, a single
thermoelectric module capable of producing 14 watts
of electrical power costs approximately $100. Their
typical efficiencies are around 5 –8%, which is very
low as compare to solar Stirling engine. Although its
size is smaller than Stirling engine. Material used in
concentrator thermoelectric generator (CTEG) like
Bismuth telluride which is toxic and expensive.

4) Advantage over heliostat solar tower system
The heliostat solar tower system produces a fluid
temperature greater than that of the single ax is
tracking, parabolic trough and linear Fresnel system,
but less than that of the two axis tracking, parabolic
dish – Stirling engine system. Thus it cannot achieve
an efficiency for conversion of electricity from
thermal energy as high as that of the par abolic dish –
Stirling engine system [3].

Comparison Between Solar Stirling Engine And Other Solar Devices
Proceedings of 5th SARC -IRF International Conference, 25th May -2014, New Delhi, India, ISBN: 978 -93-84209 -21-6
8 5) Advantage over solar Fresnel solar system

A linear solar Fresnel solar plant doesn't produce a
fluid temperature as high as the parabolic trough or
parabolic dish solar concentrators, so its thermal
efficiency for conversion of solar power to electricity
is lower [3].

Comparison of different solar power technologies [6]

REFERENCE

[1]. Yinghao Chu, Research Associate, Global Energy Network
Institute (GENI), August2011 charlie0586@address.com
[2]. Thomas R. Mancini, Ph.D., distinguished Member of
the Technical Staff, sandia National Laboratories,
Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.

[3]. Dr. Harlan Bengtson, PhD in Chemical Engineering.

[4]. Ö.E. Ataer and H. Karabulut, ‘ Thermodynamic
Analysis of the V -Type Stirling -Cycle Refrigerator ’,
International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 28, N°2, pp.
183 – 189, 2005.

[5]. M. Abbas, N. Said and B. Boumeddane
Revue des Energies Renouvelables Vol. 11 N°4 (2008)
503 – 514

[6]. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) ,
RENE WABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES:
COSTANALYSIS SERIES, Concentrating Solar
Power, Volume 1: Power Sector Issue 2/5, June 2012

[7]. Mila Luleva, researcher and scientist, January 18, 2013.

[8]. Cynthia Graber, Dec 30, 2009, advertisement in
scientific American.

[9]. Tim McGee , Energy / Renewable Energy
February 14, 2008

[10]. Martin LaMonica, Staff Writer, CNET News, October
25, 2006 .

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