MADE BY LEARNERS, CURATED BY FUTURELEARN [631752]

MADE BY LEARNERS, CURATED BY FUTURELEARN

The design of this guide is
Copyright © 2015 FutureLearn Ltd.
The copyright for tips within this guide remains with
the learners who submitted them.
Some tips have been edited for length,
sense or consistency.
Where a tip contains content from a third party,
for example a quote, we have, where possible,
attributed it to that party.
No copyright infringement is intended.
DESIGN TIP
Only read the words highlighted in yellow
for a summary of this guide.

Contents
04
0509172431364149
INTRODUCTIONFOREWORDWHY DO YOU LEARN?HOW DO YOU ORGANISE YOUR LEARNING?WHICH TECHNIQUES HELP YOU LEARN?HOW DO YOU LEARN WITH OTHERS?WHAT KEEPS YOU MOTIVATED TO LEARN?WHAT MAKES YOU A FUTURELEARNER?WHO CONTRIBUTED?

Introduction
In April 2015, FutureLearn invited people around
the world to share their top study tips with us, to
create The Crowdsourced Guide to Learning.
We asked them why they start and continue
to learn; how they organise their study and
remember what they’ve learnt; how they learn
from and with other people; and what role
learning plays in their lives.
We received hundreds of tips. Many were
motivational, many were organisational and some were simply bizarre.
What we learnt is that while there are tried and
tested methods for learning effectively, everyone has their own idiosyncrasies and habits that help
them achieve their goals. So in this guide, we try
to showcase both our favourite tips from learners
and expert advice from the academic and online
learning community.
Wherever you are on your learning journey, we
hope you’ll find something to inspire, inform or
surprise.
Happy learning!

PROFESSOR MIKE SHARPLES, THE OPEN UNIVERSITYForeword
We learn by making connections. At the biological
level, the connections are between neurons,
which grow stronger whenever we have a new
experience. At the mental level, the connections
form between concepts, when we associate
one idea with another by memorising, or by
experiencing how objects and actions relate. And
at the social level, the connections take the form
of conversations, as we meet people and share
ideas.

The surprising fact is that we don’t need to push ourselves to make these connections – they come
naturally. We can’t help learning. We do it all the time, when we take in something new, or respond
in a different way to people or surroundings. So why does learning often seem so hard?
Usually, it comes from trying to control that
natural process, when we have to force ourselves
to learn particular topics, such as revising for
exams, or when we are told to learn specific facts
and figures. The brain does not store items like a filing cabinet, so forcing ourselves to remember
disconnected facts is not a natural way to learn.

Setting up the conditions to learn
We need to set up the conditions for making good
connections. Usually, that means being relaxed
and alert, so that our minds are focused on the
immediate experience, setting achievable goals
for ourselves, and being in a rich environment
where there are plenty of opportunities to make
relevant connections.
That could come from exploring a new city and
meeting people, or from reading a good book or
watching a stimulating video. For example, a good
way to learn a foreign language (if you aren’t able to live in the country or talk with native speakers)
is not through trying to remember individual
words, but by watching videos with subtitles. The
more we enjoy the process of learning, the more
we make rich and appropriate connections.
What makes us different to other animals is
that not only do we react to the changing world
around us, but we also seek out new opportunities
for learning, then discuss what we learn with
teachers and other learners. It’s by holding conversations that we make the deeper and more
abstract connections between concepts.

Conversing with ourselves
Conversing with others
We converse with teachers who have greater
knowledge and experience and can share these in
ways that connect with our own understanding.
That can be difficult in a class when the teacher
doesn’t have the opportunity to match the
knowledge to each person. That’s why it seems
like hard work to learn from a teacher or lecturer,
because not only do we need to set up the right
conditions for learning, but also make sense of
information that doesn’t always connect with
We hold conversations with ourselves, when we watch a video or read a text, then relate
it to our previous knowledge and experience,
finding new information, solving problems, and
being confronted with different and challenging
viewpoints.
Every time we say to ourselves “What does this
mean?” or “Why are they saying this?” we are
learning by reflective conversation. By thinking
about what we have just learnt, focusing on
what’s new and important, we are making the long-term links between the neurons that form our
memories.

Learning in our own waywhat we know and understand.

And most importantly, we learn by holding
conversations with other people who can bring
different but related perspectives. Having
interesting discussions, either spoken or in writing,
allows us to connect and understand at all levels –
of facts, ideas and experiences.
Each of us has a unique way of learning. There is no universal “best” learning method, but generally
we learn well when we set our own goals; make
active choices about what we do and don’t want
to learn; and think about what we have just learnt
and relate it to our knowledge.
Most importantly, we learn well when we share
and enjoy the experience!

The more courses
I take and
the more I learn,
the hungrier I feel
for more
knowledge…
it’s like
training yourself
to be curious.
“
”
SUBMITTED BY LILI

Why do you learn?
If you think of learning as a means to an end – a
simple stepping stone from school to university
to work to better paid work – then we hope you’ll
think again when you read this chapter.
The tips here show that learning for learning’s
sake is a rewarding experience. And once you
start learning, it’s difficult to stop. The trick is to
choose a subject that you really care about; know
what you want to achieve; and have something or
someone to inspire you.

12IN THE MIDDLE OF
DIFFICULTY LIES
OPPORTUNITY
QUOTE BY ALBERT EINSTEIN, PHYSICIST. SUBMITTED BY BLAIR BROWN

DARE TO
THINK
YOU
MIGHTGO WITH
YOUR
INSTINCT
> Go with your instinct and take the plunge in learning something new… The sheer enjoyment cannot be underestimated. Submitted by Gina Wild.
> “If you don’t dare to think you might, you won’t.” Quote by Terry Pratchett, Author. Submitted by Jon Slack.

NEVER
DOUBT
YOUR
GOAL
The Olympian
Michael Johnson
is an amazing role
model – he never
misses a day’s
training, is on the
track on cold rainydays and never
doubts his goal.
SUBMITTED BY
MANISHA PARMAR
DON’T
GIVE UP
Remember:
“If at first you
don’t succeed,
you’re running
about average.”
Not everything
is achievable
the first time.
SUBMITTED BY
RONALD LOCKLEY

It is pointless to try to
study if it is not fun,
it then becomes a chore.
At that point, you will either
hate your studies
or become afraid of them.
FIRST & FOREMOST
HAVE FUN
SUBMITTED BY RONALD LOCKLEY
When you enjoy your work,
information is digested
with relative ease
and it ceases to be “work.”
Instead, it’s more of an excursion
into a mysterious world,
which captures your imagination.
SUBMITTED BY ANTHONY CLARK

EXPERT OPINION
EXPERT COMMENT
PROFESSOR SHIRLEY WILLIAMS, UNIVERSITY OF READING
When starting out on a new course, understanding
why you are learning is important. It isn’t necessary
to tackle all learning in the same way. Instead,
you need to fit the learning to you, not you to the learning:
If you want to gain a single skill, once you have got
that skill, you can decide to continue or not.
If you are learning for fun, and you find some of the
experience is not enjoyable, skip that bit.
If you have limited time, work out what is the
absolute minimum you need to do and skip the
optional bits.
If you want (or need) the certificate, you will
probably need to spend extra time to understand
everything.

Time is what
we want
most
“
”
but what
we use worst
QUOTE BY WILLIAM PENN, FOUNDER OF PENNSYLVANIA.
SUBMITTED BY REBECCA

How do you organise
your learning?
When William Penn uttered the words across the
page in 1692, status updates and cat memes were
yet to be invented, and even books were in short
supply. Yet in between shaping the development
of early America, Penn clearly still managed to
fritter away his time.
His words remind us that procrastination and
disorganisation are age-old enemies. And if we’re
to learn effectively, we must overcome them. So
in this chapter, we offer tips on how to plan your
learning, find the right time and place, and not get
distracted.
And if you manage that, reward awaits…

Prepare
mentally
Revising in pyjamas sounds like a lovely idea, but I find
getting up and dressed, and washing my face makes me
feel awake and prepared. Therefore the day is much more
productive.
SUBMITTED BY JESS
Before I sleep, when I lay on the bed in the dark, I try to
remember what I learnt that day. I also do that when I
wake up in the morning.
SUBMITTED BY BE THANH TUYEN
Taking short breaks will restore your mental energy. During those breaks drink plenty of water and juice, and eat fruit to
get energy and refresh your brain.
SUBMITTED BY REENA MITTALIn the afternoon, I take a siesta – it sharpens the mind.
SUBMITTED BY SYLVA SIMSOVA

Prepare
physically
Cafés are nice and cozy, but if you are an observer, it is easy
to become distracted. Understand what you need and find
your proper place.
SUBMITTED BY JESSICA GRANT
SUBMITTED BY ANA
I make sure that I have everything I need to hand – iPad,
phone, paper, pen, pencil, eraser, sharpener, books, previous
notes, glasses, tissues and water bottle. I go through a sort
of ritual, getting everything ready. The preparation settles my mind into thinking.
SUBMITTED BY DENISE BOND
Choose a place to always study, where you can really concentrate. It will make you have more focus because if you
are there, you know that you have to study.

Schedule a chunk of time every week to learn and focus
wholly on that. A lunchtime, an early morning session, or
curled up in the evenings. Make it regular, make it consistent,
make it count.
SUBMITTED BY AUROREANCHRIS
Find short spells to study. 30 minutes to an hour is quite enough for me, usually after I have checked my emails first
thing in the morning, when my mind has not been cluttered
by other things.
SUBMITTED BY AVRILDon’t waste your time with distractions, mainly on the internet. Don’t open your social media accounts. Set a time
limit for tasks.
SUBMITTED BY REBECCAPrepare
socially

After having a hard time understanding something or not
finding solution, a ten-minute break helps me to continue
with better effort and better understanding. Just let go and
forget about study for those ten short minutes.
SUBMITTED BY A-IDONTKKNOW
EXPERT COMMENT
EXPERT COMMENT
PROFESSOR MIKE SHARPLES, THE OPEN UNIVERSITYReward
yourself
Being well-prepared is the most important way to improve
your experience of learning.
Prepare mentally, by setting yourself goals you can achieve,
and then checking how you are performing as the course
progresses. Prepare physically, if you can, by finding a
calm and satisfying place and time to study, with your own kit such as pen and paper for taking notes. And prepare
socially, by making space in your life away from the
distractions of email and messages.
If you can do all that, then reward yourself! If that’s not
possible in your crowded and busy life, then recognise this and wait for the opportunity.

“
SUBMITTED BY LORENA
It doesn’t matter
if the recipientof your question is olderor youngerthan you.If they knowand you don’t, then they are the scholarand you arethe learner.
”

Which techniques
help you learn?
In this chapter, we get into the nitty-gritty of
learning, with some tips, techniques and tactics
to try. Some are universal – like the importance
of asking questions, which Lorena points out
opposite. Others are more personal – they’re ideas
for you to test out.
Note taking is a great example. It’s a theme that
crops up in learners’ tips a lot, but every learner
has their own way of doing it – with mnemonics or
drawings, in notebooks or on flashcards. So give
these tips a go and see which ones work for you.

Listen carefully
The best way to learn is to listen. Listen so
carefully and attentively that you are able to
grasp every word.
SUBMITTED BY ANJALI1
Read curiously
The key word is curiosity. If you try to learn
what you are curious about, chances are you will
remember what you read much more easily and
quickly.
SUBMITTED BY ANA MARIA ABELLA2
Think critically
The sharing of different opinions, theories or queries can help to develop a deeper critical
thinking around the subject.
SUBMITTED BY TRACIE M3
Question fearlessly
Never, ever, be afraid to ask questions. There is no
such thing as a silly question, and you will often
find that several other people have been pondering
the same thing. This in itself gives you confidence.
SUBMITTED BY DAWN CRANIE4
Note actively
Making notes, writing things in a notebook, is not in itself knowledge. You have to think actively,
work, make connections and remember, in order
to put it in your head. Only then is it something closer to knowledge.
SUBMITTED BY DON5

Map mindfully
SUBMITTED BY ANIKA VED6
Remember regularly
Once you have your subject matter written down on
a flashcard, read it over and over, have a 30-minute
break and without looking at the card, try to
reproduce it.
SUBMITTED BY PAUL7
Reflect personally
SUBMITTED BY ALISON GRANGE8
Explain verbally
For me, the best way to establish whether or not I’ve grasped what I’ve just studied is to verbalise
it – either to the four walls or to my long-suffering
husband.
SUBMITTED BY ALISON MCKENNA9
Log thoroughly
I write up a learning log on what l learnt; what the value of the learning was to me and my job; why it
was valuable; what else I need to learn in support;
and where I will find the learning, withreferences and URLs.
SUBMITTED BY DAVE YOUNG10
Mind maps are the best tool that I ever learnt to use. A great way to start off a new piece of writing,
to generate ideas or to prepare for an exam.
My tip would be to ensure that you take time to
reflect on what you are learning. How does it relate to you? How can it make your life better?

For organising information, a great
technique is to create a structured outline
of what you are learning. The focus should
not be on writing down each detail, but rather using indenting and grouping, to
visually organise the different concepts.
CHARLIE CHUNG, CLASS CENTRALEXPERT TIPS FROM CLASS CENTRAL
A technique to help with synthesis is to
pause between each major module of the
course and to write down the three most
important points you learnt in the module. This can be entirely personal, it is for you
to reflect on and summarise.1
2
3Organise
Synthesise
Apply
A technique to help with application is to
take something you’ve learnt and apply
it to a novel example from outside of the
course. Take a moment to think about how well your example works or doesn’t work,
and then post it in the discussion board
and ask your peers what they think.

EXPERT OPINION
EXPERT COMMENT
DR KATHERINE STEVENS, THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD
One of the best ways to check you understand
something is to explain it to someone else. So
imagine you need to teach someone else the
material you have just been learning. Perhaps you could find a friend or fellow learner who would
be willing to listen and collaborate with you. See
if you can teach them the subject you have been learning. Encourage them to ask questions. Discuss
the materials together. Explaining something to
someone else can often increase your learning too.

Discuss your
knowledge with others to learnnew things.
“
”
SUBMITTED BY SHUBHAM GUPTA

How do you learn
with others?
In the foreword, we discussed the vital role
conversation plays in learning. While conversation
with yourself is important, conversation with
others is better. And in our age of online learning,
we have more and more ways to discuss our ideas
with other people.
In this chapter, the tips all share a common
message: “You get out what you put in.”
Don’t just be a bystander – join the conversation.
And don’t just learn from other people – once you
discover something, pass it on. Explaining what you’ve learnt is one of the best ways to remember.

I learn best by discussing a topic, usually
with someone who knows more about it
than me. Joining a class helps me more
than reading does.
SUBMITTED BY AMAN
I find peer discussion groups helpful – questions can be explored, worries shared
and strategies agreed.
SUBMITTED BY TRACIE M
If a discussion forum seems daunting for the first timers, we have all been there.
Just join in. There isn’t anything to be worried about. Trust me, I was one of the
most timid people on the planet. And now I
thoroughly enjoy joining in the discussions.
SUBMITTED BY CAROLYN URQUHART
DISCUSS
ONLINEIN PERSON
DISCUSS
EXPERT COMMENT
DR LISA HARRIS, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON
We can all benefit from sharing our “stories” with other learners from a wide range of backgrounds and from all over
the world. Interacting with others, sharing our experiences
and building our networks are central means of learning on (and beyond) the course itself.

WHAT YOU LEARNSUBMITTED BY ARJAN TUPAN
Teach part of what you have learnt to
others and make notes. Processing the
study material further will help you
to understand and retain information better.
SUBMITTED BY TARANNUM
Try to teach or communicate what you want to learn, even if not fully understood, to
someone else or a group of others – they
will learn from you, and you will learn by the transmission of your own understanding.
SUBMITTED BY PETER WHITELEYSHARETAKE ONLINE
DISCUSSIONS
OFFLINE
EXPERT COMMENT
DR MOMNA HEJMADI, UNIVERSITY OF BATH
If you’re taking an online course, organise a MOOC meetup to learn
together with others. It’s an amazing
experience, it helps you to dig deeper and look further.
Forming a peer study group is one way of keeping the motivation going. You could form a course club offline,
and arrange a regular time to meet up or chat. If possible,
connect with people in the local area doing the same course, and you could arrange to meet socially at regular intervals
(in a coffee shop, for instance) to motivate each other.

“
”
SUBMITTED BY JADE
Learning gives
knowledge,

knowledge gives
confidence,
confidence gives
character
and character
creates a person.

What keeps you
motivated to learn?
So far we’ve looked at how to organise your
learning, some useful tips for studying and
the importance of conversing with others. But
what happens when you hit the wall? When
you get bored, it gets too hard or you lose your
confidence?
In this chapter, we offer up some advice for turning
those conversations into supportive relationships;
remembering why you started learning in the first
place; and reflecting on just how far you’ve come.

Establish a good relationship with the teacher and other
students. This can help keep you motivated and improve
your confidence.
SUBMITTED BY AY DAMIRAH
SUBMITTED BY EMMA
SUBMITTED BY JEREMY LEE
The better the engine, the more efficient my learning is. If
spiced with additional motivation, like planning trips or jobs,
the result is absolutely great. The learning is fast, pleasant
and practically non-stop!
SUBMITTED BY HALYNA BORTAKOVAGet support and ask for help
Don’t be scared to have fun
If the problem is the understanding or the difficulty of the work, please please please, do ask for help from your tutor
or co-learners without embarrassment. You are a student
and that implies that you are not expected to know that which you strive to learn.
Play. Just as children play with toys, play with statistics,
literature, geometry, topology, networks, or any other topic; this frees you from an unconscious fear of failure.

Reflect on what you’ve learnt
SUBMITTED BY PAMELA COREN
Studying new subjects is like going to the gym. It improves
your overall feeling of wellbeing and also your mental
health. Learning will make you think about the world
differently.
SUBMITTED BY ABDELLATIF BOUHID
EXPERT COMMENT
EXPERT COMMENT
DR EMMA EMANUELSSON PATTERSON, UNIVERSITY OF BATHThe key thing is to have a real interest for the subject area – choose something that you find really interesting.
The next step is to keep up with your enthusiasm throughout
the course – and to put time aside in your busy schedule.
Note that you don’t need to read everything – if you don’t
have the time, be selective and don’t worry if you miss some information.
Finally, don’t be scared or nervous to share your opinion
– you’ll find it motivating to have people responding to or
agreeing with your comments.
Students working on their own need some self-awareness,
some way of keeping an internal monitor on their approach.
Ask yourself: “Why do I think that? Why do I feel like that
about this area of history or thought? If I always judge X adversely, why? Do I have real grounds?” It is all summed
up in a single question: “Where did what is in my mind come
from?”

“
”
SUBMITTED BY BOGDANA YAKOVENKOFor me,
learning is for life.

What makes you
a FutureLearner?
At FutureLearn, we like to call the millions of
people who take free online courses with us
“FutureLearners.” But this isn’t just a synonym for
“users” – it’s a state of mind.
We know that every FutureLearner loves learning
for learning’s sake. They’re juggling professional
and personal commitments just to discover
something new. And whether they’re 13 or 93, they
know there will always be something new out
there for them to learn.
In this chapter, we discover what makes a learner
a FutureLearner.

I WANT TO
UNDERSTAND
THE WORLD
It may sound simple, but it is basically my curiosity and the need
to understand, as best as I can, the world that surrounds me.
SUBMITTED BY LUISA GONZÁLEZ PINTO
SUBMITTED BY RADU LAURALearning different things is a good way to understand the world. People, especially young people, should try to study all kinds of
interesting things they’re really interested in according to their own
personality.

SUBMITTED BY SUE ETHERINGTONWhy do I study? Well, simply for the joy of learning something new.
I have a passion for education. As a language teacher of many
years, I have seen first hand what learning can do for people, it
raises their expectations and raises their self-esteem.
If something excites you, everything you read, you watch or you write, will be a learning experience that you love.
SUBMITTED BY PEIOI GET JOY
FROM
LEARNING
NEW THINGS

MY
BRAIN
IS A MUSCLE
THAT NEEDS
SUBMITTED BY GARY ABRAHAMSI am a keen sportsman and enjoy being fit. I use this as a motivating
factor. I think of my brain as a muscle that needs to be exercised. I
would not let my physical self become unfit and so I apply the same
philosophy to my work. Train hard, get results. Work hard, get re-
sults. I apply the same discipline from my sports life to my work life.TO BE FLEXED
For me, thinking is as important to my wellbeing as physical exercise
and courses are a bit like the exercise bike down at the gym. I can
sit down at the computer, concentrate for an hour or so, usually first
thing in the morning, and then go off and do other stuff, feeling that I have done something useful.
SUBMITTED BY KEITH MUIR

I’LL NEVER
BE TOO OLD
SUBMITTED BY NASREEN AHSANI am still learning from my own grandchildren as I’m curious
about the skills they have, and keep asking them to teach
me some of those.TO LEARN
Remember that you are never too old to study and that by doing
so, you will gain a better understanding of the world around you.
Its wide range of cultural differences will begin to make sense.
SUBMITTED BY SUE CAMPBELL

EXPERT OPINION
EXPERT COMMENT
DR KARSTEN ØSTER LUNDQVIST UNIVERSITY OF READING
The famous Danish philosopher Grundtvig once
said: “Man has not lived, before he learns about the
things he once did not appreciate.” Although this
is an extreme statement, I think that there is a lot of wisdom to it. If we learn to see life from other
viewpoints, experience issues that others are facing,
and enhance our lives by increasing our knowledge and skills, then many of us will grow as people, and
we might learn to see opportunities in diversity and
difference.

THANKS
Thanks to everyone who submitted a tip

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Mike Baker
Mike EdwardsMolly
Monika Cleary
MyatMyra Sampson
N McKeone
NadezhdaNancy Brownlee Graver
Nasreen Ahsan
Natalia EzerskayaNatalie Dunn
Neil Doherty
Neil MousseauNena
Nhungdoan
Nick MoonNicolas Franklin-Woolley
Nikos Bak
Nilofar Shamim HajaNina Battleday
Nur A’isyah Yusof
ObaOlusegun Ajiboye
Pamela Coren
Pamela JohnsonPat Fletcher
Patricia
Patricia Anne WeltonPatricia Casey
Patricia Miller
Patricia NuñezPatrick LowePaul
Paul Coleman
Paul KentPaul Rochmis
Pauline Smith
PeioPenny Beale
Penny Perkin
Penny ShawPertti Jalasvirta
Peter
Peter LangtonPeter Perkins
Peter Richardson
Peter SinclairPeter Trueman
Peter Whiteley
Pham Thi Minh PhuongPhilip Lake
Philippa Gray
Phillip RoundPhuong
Pippa Marshall
Rachelle HughesRadu Laura
Raghda Taghlebi
RainieRandliz
Ravi Soni
RebeccaReena Mittal
Renata Resende Pizzarino
RenateRichard Connell
Richard Emerson
Richard KeffordRita Tackie Manieson
RN Parry
Rockson Ankomah

Roland
Rolf Pfotenhauer
Ronald Lockley
Ronie De BrunRosaleen Hunt
Rosemary Graham
Rosemary NortonRoy Jackson
Ruud Van Dam
Sabrina LeeperSaif
Sandra Rafferty
SaraSarah Chu
Sarah Dana
Saraha8Serene
Sheila Laurens
ShireenShubham Gupta
Siham Bouzourene
SillysuitproseSiobhan O’Neill
Sophie
Stephen AlbersStephen Greene
Stephen Roesner
SteveSteve Whalley
Suada
Sue Campbell Sue Etherington
Sue Wilkins
Sue YearleySuganya Balasubramanian
Susan
Susan BrettSusan Woolard
Suzanne Devine
Sylva SimsovaTanja Ellen Sleeuwenhoek Tapas Pandey
Tarannum
TatianaTatjana Jancic
Teresa Fearn
Tom CraigTom Locke
Tom Worthington
Tony HandTracie M
Trisha
Uma AyerVeronica Beytia
Vickibreads
Victoria AustinVivian Kerry
Waqar
Wendy DaviesWill
Wissam Adawi
Wu HuanggangWud-wurks
Yenny
YumtumblZehra
Ztokengraphics

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