Lucrări Științifice vol. 552012, seria Agron omie [614706]

Lucrări Științifice – vol. 55/2012, seria Agron omie

127

THE STRUCTURE OPTIMI ZATION OF CEREAL GRA INS CULTURE
IN IASI COUNTY (CASE STUDY IN SUBURBAN AREA OF IAȘI)

Adina Alina POSTOLACHE (BURL ACU)1

1 University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iasi
e-mail: burlacu.adinalina @yahoo.com

Abstract

Crop structure is determined according to market requirements and pedo climatic conditions of the area. Depending on
the optimization criteria, the crops will be optimal when it ensures the achievement of maximum profitability, in terms
of assure quantity and assortment, to meet the requirements of the national economy for agricultural products, the full
use of land and other means of production and also in the conditions of respect the plant culture re strictions regarding
the share in crop rotation. Critical in optimizing the structure of crops is the economic efficiency, and made profits. The
economic efficiency is in continuously changing due to raw materials and production goods changing prices. From here
is the necessity of optimizing the structure of crops in each cycle of agricultural production.The main indicators used in
optimizing the structure of crops are yield per hectare, cost of production to the surface unit, gross profit per hectare, th e
unit cost, of costs in 1000 lei income rate of return. Linear programming method presents the great advantage that
allows choosing the optimal structure variant of a multitude of possible variations. Given the large volume of
calculations, the linear progr amming technique involves mandatory, the use of electronic computing.Optimizing the
structure of crop through linear programming requires drawing up the economic -mathematical model, including
variables, restrictions, the purpose function and free terms.The purpose function can be represented by maximizing the
effectiveness (gross profit or economy expenditure) or minimize the effort (total spending or intermediate
spending).The considered restrictions are: the total area cultivated with cereals, minimum and maximum area occupied
by grains, the average obtained production.The case study was conducted in suburban area of Iași, which includes the
following communes: Valea Lupului, Le țcani, Bîrnova, Ungheni, Tome ști,Victoria, Aroneanu, Rediu, Popricani,
Miroslava, Ciurea, Schitul Duca, Holboca. The average bonity note of arable land is 55 points AETA, which
corresponds t o an area favorable for grain culture.

Key words : optimization, linear programming, cereal grains, suburban area

The structure of crops is among the
technologies of production, the main component of
plant culture. By the structure of crops we
understan d the share occupied by each culture or
vegetal branch in the total cultivated area.
Structure is optimal when cultures ensures the
obtaining of
maximum yield in terms of quantity and
assortment, to meet the requirements of the
national economy in agricult ural products, the full
use of land and other means of production and in
terms of respect the plant culture restrictions of
sequence in time and space of the culture.
The optimal structure of the crops undergoes
changes due to the following influences:
 the national economy demands;
 the market demand for agricultural products in
general;
 the insurance level of the company with the
technical -material base;  the productive potential of land, which by pedo –
ameliorative measures may modify the
favorability for d ifferent cultures;
 level of assuring with employment and their
qualifications degree;
 rotation restrictions;
 central fund of agricultural products through
which the state intervenes to ensure the
processing industries with raw;
 materials and the company wi th needed
agricultural goods (2, 6).

MATERIAL AND METHOD

The research has been conducted in the
county of Iasi, in suburban area of Iasi and targeted
the optimizing areas cultivated with cereals, using
linear programming, which shows the great
advantage that allows choosing the optimal variant
structure of a multitude of possible variations. Given
the large volume of calculations, the linear

Universitatea de Științe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară Iași

128 programming technique, involves mandatory the use
of electronic computing.
Optimizing the structure of crop throug h linear
programming requires drawing up the economical –
mathematical model, including variables restrictions,
the purpose function and free terms. The purpose
function can be represented by maximizing the
effectiveness (gross profit or economy of expenditu re)
or minimize the effort (total spending or intermediate
spending).
The variables of the model for optimizing the
structure of cereal crops in suburban area of Iasi will
be represented by: wheat, barley, oats and corn.
The restrictions taken into account were:
total area cultivated with cereals;
minimum and maximum area occupied by
cereals;
an average yield obtained;
the consumption of man -days;
material costs per hectare.
The optimization criteria are the achievement
of the objectives pursued:
the maxim ization of profits;
the minimization of costs.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSI ONS

The suburban area of Iasi includes the
following communes: Valea Lupului, Le țcani,
Bîrnova, Ungheni, Tome ști,Victoria, Aroneanu,
Rediu, Popricani, Miroslava, Ciurea, Schitul Duca,
Holboca. The bonita notes of arable land is 55,
which corresponds to an area favorable for cereals
culture ( table 1 ).
In favorable areas for to the culture of
cereals, can be obtained the following average
productions ( table 2):

Table 1
General data on Sub urban area of Iasi
Suburban area of Iasi
Predominant soil (new names) Cambic
chernozem, Gleic
chernozem
The annual average temperature (°C) 9
Precipitations (mm) 400 – 500
Arable bonita notes 55
Total arable surface -2011 – ha 32518
The total surf ace cultivated with
cereals 17285
Autumn wheat Favorable area
Corn Favorable area

Table 2
The average production that can be obtained
in Suburban area of Iasi
Crt.
no. Culture The average
production (kg/ha)
1 Wheat 3500
2 Barley 4000
3 Oats 2500
4 Corn 4000

The economic – mathematical model matrix
to optimize the structure of cereal crops in
suburban area of Iasi is shown in table 3 .
Following the analysis of climatic and
economic conditions from suburban area of Iasi,
had been stablished the f ollowing technical –
economical indicators that can be achieved by
cultivating cereals grain ( table 4 ).
After resolving the economical –
mathematical model has results two variants
(table 5).

Table 3.a
The economic – mathematical model matrix to optimize th e structure of cereal crops in Suburban area of Iasi
Crt.
No. Restrictions Wheat
for
consum
ption Wheat
for seed Barley
for
consum
ption Oats for
consump
tion Corn for
consum
ption Corn
for
seed Sign Free term
U.M.
V1 V2
1 Maximum area cultivated with
cereals 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 17.473 17.473 ha
2 The maximum area cultivated
for wheat consumption 1 ≤ 5.000 5.000 ha
3 Minimum area cultivated for
wheat. consumption 1 > 2.500 2.500 ha
4 The maximum area cultivated
for wheat seed 1 ≤ 700 700 ha
5 Minimum area cultivated for
wheat seed 1 > 220 250 ha
6 The maximum area cultivated
with barley 1 ≤ 2.300 2.300 ha
7 Minimum cultivated barley 1 > 250 250 ha
8 The maximum area cultivated
with oats 1 ≤ 1.000 1.000 ha

Lucrări Științifice – vol. 55/2012, seria Agron omie

129 Table 3.b
The economic – mathematical model matrix to optimize the structure of cereal crops in Suburban area of Iasi
Crt.
No. Restrictions Wheat
for
consum
ption Wheat
for seed Barley
for
consum
ption Oats for
consump
tion Corn for
consum
ption Corn
for
seed Sign Free term
U.M.
V1 V2
9 Minimum cultivated oats 1 > 130 130 ha
10 The maximum area cultivated
with maize for consumption 1 ≤ 13.000 13.000 ha
11 Minimum cultivated for corn.
consumption 1 > 5.000 5.000 ha
12 The maximum area cultivated
with maize for seed 1 ≤ 1.050 1.200 ha
13 Minimum cultivated for corn
seed 1 > 300 300 ha
14 The average yield for wheat.
consumption 1 = 3.600 3.600 kg/ha
15 The average yield for wheat.
seed 1 = 4.000 4.000 kg/ha
16 Average yield in barley 1 = 4.000 4.000 kg/ha
17 Average production in oats 1 = 1.900 1.900 kg/ha
18 The average yield for corn.
consumpti on 1 = 4.000 4.000 kg/ha
19 The average yield for corn.
seed 1 = 3.850 3.850 kg/ha
20 FO1 – TOTAL COSTS 1,90 2,50 1,90 1,70 2,40 2,93 → MIN MIN mii
lei/ha
21 FO2 – TOTAL GROSS
PROFIT 0,22 0,82 0,66 -0,66 0,44 5,35 → MAX MAX mii
lei/ha

Table 4
The main technical – economical indicators in initial variant (V0)
Culture Surface
hectare The
average
production
– kg/he The total
production
– tones Total
income
per he -lei Total
income –
lei Total
costs per
he -lei Total costs
– lei Gross
profits per
he–lei Total
gross
profit –
lei
Wheat for
consumption 2948,00 3600 10613 2,12 6262 1,90 5601 0,22 660
Wheat for seed 0 4000 0 0,00 0 0,00 0 0,00 0
Barley 226 4000 904 2,56 579 1,90 429 0,66 149
Oats 124 1900 236 1,05 130 1,70 211 -0,65 -81
Corn for
consumptions 14175 4000 56700 2,84 40257 2,40 34020 0,44 6237
Corn for seed 0 3850 0 0,00 0 0,00 0 0,00 0
TOTAL 17473 – 68452 2,70 47227 2,30 40261 0,40 6965

Table 5
The main technical – economical indicators resulting after maximizing the total gross profit (V1)
Culture Surface
hectare The average
production
– kg/he The total
production
– tones Total
income
per he –
lei Total
income -lei Total costs
per
he -lei Total
costs
lei Gross
profits
per he –
lei Total
gross
profit –
lei
Wheat for
consumption 5000 3600 18000 2,12 10620,00 1,90 9500,00 0,22 1120
Wheat for
seed 220 4000 880 3,32 730,00 2,50 550,00 0,82 180
Barley 2300 4000 9200 2,56 5888 ,00 1,90 4370,00 0,66 1518
Oats 1000 1900 1900 1,05 1045,00 1,70 1700,00 -0,66 -655
Corn for
consumptions 8653 4000 34612 2,84 24575,00 2,40 20767,00 0,44 3807
Corn for seed 300 3850 1155 8,28 2483,00 2,93 879,00 5,35 1604
TOTAL 17473 – 65747 2,59 45341,00 2,16 37766,00 0,43 7575

Universitatea de Științe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară Iași

130 Table 6
The main technical – economical indicators resulting after minimizing the total costs (V2)
Culture Surface
hectare The average
production
– kg/he The total
production
– tones Total
income
per he
lei Total
income –
lei Total
costs
per
he -lei Total
costs
– lei Gross
profits per
he–
lei Total
gross
profit – lei
Wheat for
consumption 2500,00 3600,00 9000,00 2,12 5310,00 1,90 4750,00 0,22 560,00
Wheat for
seed 700,00 4000,00 2800,00 3,32 2324,00 2,50 1750,00 0,82 574,00
Barley 2300,00 4000,00 9200,00 2,56 5888,00 1,90 4370,00 0,66 1518,00
Oats 130,00 1900,00 247,00 1,05 136,00 1,70 221,00 -0,65 -85,00
Corn for
consumptions 10793,00 4000,00 43172,00 2,84 30652,00 2,40 25903,00 0,44 4749,00
Corn for seed 1050,00 3850,00 4043,00 8,28 8691,00 2,93 3077,00 5,35 5615,00
TOTAL 17473,00 – 68462,00 3,03 53001,00 2,29 40071,00 0,74 12931,00

CONCLUSIONS

In suburban area (V0), at present time, the
area cultivated with cereals is 17473 ha. The total
costs are up to 40,3 million lei and gross profit
was 6,97 million lei.
In V1 with the purpose function to
maximize the total gross profits, total costs were
lower with 0,25 million and gross profit is higher
with 0,61 million.
In V2, which were aimed the minimizing of
the to tal costs of production, had been registered a
reduction of 0,19 mil, with a gross profit of
12,931,000 lei (+ 186%).
Of the two types of optimization can be
recommend the first variant, because, can be
realize a higher profits comparing V0 with V2.

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