LocationChessy, FranceCoordinates48°52′7.39″N 2°46′54.48″EOwnerThe Walt Disney CompanyOperatedbyDisney Parks, Experiencesand ProductsOpenedApril 12,… [623394]

Disneyland Paris
LocationChessy, FranceCoordinates48°52′7.39″N 2°46′54.48″EOwnerThe Walt Disney CompanyOperatedbyDisney Parks, Experiencesand ProductsOpenedApril 12, 1992Visitors perannum14.8 million (2017)Area19.425 km2 (4,800 acres)Websitewww.disneylandparis.com/en-us/ (http://www.disneylandparis.com/en-us/)Disneyland ParisDisneyland Paris, formerly Euro DisneyResort, is an entertainment resort in Chessy,France, a new town located 32 km (20 mi) east ofthe centre o f Paris. It encompasses two themeparks, many resort hotels, Disney Nature Resorts, ashopping, dining, and entertainment complex, anda golf course, in addition to several additionalrecreational and entertainment venues. DisneylandPark is the original theme park of the complex,opening with the resort on 12 April 1992. A secondtheme park, Walt Disney Studios Park, opened in2002, 10 years after the original park. DisneylandParis celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2017.Within 25 years of opening, 320 million peoplevisited Disneyland Paris, making it the most visitedtheme park in Europe.[1] The Parisian resort is thesecond Disney park to open outside the UnitedStates following the opening of the Tokyo DisneyResort in 1983 and is the largest Disney resort toopen outside of the United States. Disneyland Parisis also the only Disney resort outside of the United States to be completely owned by The WaltDisney Company.OwnershipHistorySeeking a location for a European resortAnniversary listDesign and constructionRecruitment/employmentControversiesOpening day and early yearsFinancial, attendance and employment struggles1995 turnaround2000 onwardsName changesThe complexParksDisney Nature ResortsCoordinates: 48°52′7.39″N 2°46′54.48″E
Contents

Shopping, dining, and entertainmentOther recreationRides and attractionsRoller coastersHotelsDisney Nature ResortsTransportBackstage DisneyAttendanceElectroland FestivalSee alsoReferencesExternal linksWalt Disney announced a €1 billion ($1.25 billion) bailout plan to rescue its subsidiaryDisneyland Paris, the Financial Times reported on 6 October 2014.[2] The park is burdened byits debt, which is calculated at about €1.75 billion ($2.20 billion) and roughly 15 times itsgross average earnings.Until June 2017, Disney only held a minority stake in the resort, when they bought theremaining shares. In 2017, The Walt Disney Company offered an informal takeover of EuroDisney S.C.A., buying 9% of the company from Kingdom Holding and an open offer of 2 eurosper share for the remaining stock. This brought The Walt Disney Company's total ownershipto 85.7%. The Walt Disney company will also invest an additional 1.5 Billion euros tostrengthen the company.[3]Following the success of Disneyland in California and Walt Disney World in Florida, plans tobuild a similar theme park in Europe emerged In 1972. Under the leadership of E. CardonWalker, Tokyo Disneyland opened in 1983 in Japan with instant success, forming a catalystfor international expansion. In late 1984 the heads of Disney's theme park division, DickNunis and Jim Cora, presented a list of approximately 1,200 possible European locations forthe park. Britain, France, Italy and Spain were all considered. However, Britain and Italy weredropped from the list due to both lacking a suitable expanse of flat land. By March 1985, thenumber of possible locations for the park had been reduced to four; two in France and two inSpain. Both nations saw the potential economic advantages of a Disney theme park andoffered competing financing deals to Disney.Both Spanish sites were located near the Mediterranean and offered a subtropical climatesimilar to Disney's parks in California and Florida. Disney had asked each site to provideaverage temperatures for every month for the previous 40 years, which proved a complicatedOwnership
HistorySeeking a location for a European resort

endeavour as none of the records were computerised and were registered on paper.[4] The sitein Pego, Alicante became the front-runner, but the location was controversial as it would havemeant the destruction of Marjal de Pego-Oliva marshlands, a site of natural beauty and one ofthe last homes of the almost extinct Samaruc or Valencia Toothcarp, so there was some localoutcry among environmentalists.[5] Disney had also shown interest in a site near Toulon insouthern France, not far from Marseille. The pleasing landscape of that region, as well as itsclimate, made the location a top competitor for what would be called Euro Disneyland.However, shallow bedrock was encountered beneath the site, which would have renderedconstruction too difficult. Finally, a site in the rural town of Marne-la-Vallée was chosenbecause of its proximity to Paris and its central location in Western Europe. This location wasestimated to be no more than a four-hour drive for 68 million people and no more than a two-hour flight for a further 300 million.Michael Eisner, Disney's CEO at the time, signed the first letter of agreement with the Frenchgovernment for the 20-square-kilometre (4,940-acre) site on 18 December 1985, and the firstfinancial contracts were drawn up during the following spring. The final contract was signedby the leaders of the Walt Disney Company and the French government and territorialcollectivities on 24 March 1987.[6] Construction began in August 1988, and in December 1990,an information centre named "Espace Euro Disney" was opened to show the public what wasbeing constructed. Plans for a theme park next to Euro Disneyland based on theentertainment industry, Disney-MGM Studios Europe, quickly went into development,scheduled to open in 1996 with a construction budget of US$2.3 billion.[7] The constructionmanager was Bovis.[8]Disneyland Paris – 5th Anniversary (1997–1998)Disneyland Paris – 10th Anniversary (2002–2003)Disneyland Paris – 15th Anniversary (2007–2008)Disneyland Paris – 20th Anniversary (2012–2013)Disneyland Paris – 25th Anniversary (2017–2018)Disneyland Paris – 30th Anniversary (2022–2023)In order to provide lodging to patrons, it was decided that5,200 Disney-owned hotel rooms would be built withinthe complex. In March 1988, Disney and a council ofarchitects (Frank Gehry, Michael Graves, Robert A.M.Stern, Stanley Tigerman, and Robert Venturi) decided onan exclusively American theme in which each hotel woulddepict a region of the United States. At the time of theopening in April 1992, seven hotels collectively housing5,800[9] rooms had been built.An entertainment, shopping, and dining complex basedon Walt Disney World's Downtown Disney was designed by Frank Gehry.Anniversary list
Design and construction
'Disneyland Hotel'. Through the hotelis the entrance ticket hall to the Park.

With its towers of oxidised silver and bronze-coloured stainless steel under a canopy of lights,it opened as Festival Disney.[10] For a projected daily attendance of 55,000, Euro Disneyplanned to serve an estimated 14,000 people per hour inside the Euro Disneyland park. Inorder to accomplish this, 29 restaurants were built inside the park (with a further 11restaurants built at the Euro Disney resort hotels and five at Festival Disney). Menus a n dprices were varied with an American flavour predominant and Disney's precedent of servingalcoholic beverages was continued in the park.2,300 patio seats (30% of park seating) were installed to satisfy Europeans' expectedpreference of eating outdoors in good weather. In test kitchens at Walt Disney World, recipeswere adapted for European tastes. Walter Meyer, executive chef f o r m e n u d e v e l o p m e n t a tEuro Disney and executive chef of food projects development at Walt Disney World noted, "Afew things we did need to change, but most of the time people kept telling us, 'Do your ownthing. Do what's American'."[11]Unlike Disney's American theme parks, Euro Disney aimed for permanent employees (anestimated requirement of 12,000 for the theme park itself), as opposed to seasonal andtemporary part-time employees. Casting centres were set up in Paris, London, andAmsterdam. However, it was understood by the French government and Disney that "aconcentrated effort would be made to tap into the local French labour market".[12] Disneysought workers with sufficient communication skills, who spoke two European languages(French and one other), and were socially outgoing. Following precedent, Euro Disney set upits own Disney University to train workers. 24,000 people had applied by November 1991.[12]The prospect of a Disney park in France was a subject of debate and controversy. Critics, whoincluded prominent French intellectuals, denounced what they considered to be the culturalimperialism of Euro Disney and felt it would encourage an unhealthy American type ofconsumerism in France.[13] On 28 June 1992, a group of French farmers blockaded EuroDisney in protest of farm policies supported at the time by the United States.[14]A journalist at the centre-right French newspaper Le Figaro wrote, "I wish with all my heartthat the rebels would set fire to [Euro] Disneyland."[15] Ariane Mnouchkine, a Parisian stagedirector, named the concept a "cultural Chernobyl",[16] a phrase which would be echoed in themedia during Euro Disney's initial years.In response, French philosopher Michel Serres noted, "It is not America that is invading us. Itis we who adore it, who adopt its fashions and above all, its words." Euro Disney S.C.A.'s then-chairman Robert Fitzpatrick responded, "We didn't come in and say O.K., we're going to put aberet and a baguette on Mickey Mouse. We are who we are."[12]Topics of controversy also included Disney's American managers requiring English to bespoken at all meetings and Disney's appearance code for members of staff, which listedregulations and limitations for the use of makeup, facial hair, tattoos, jewellery, and more.Recruitment/employment
Controversies

French labour unions mounted protests against the appearance code, which they saw as "anattack on individual liberty". Others criticised Disney as being insensitive to French culture,individualism, and privacy, because restrictions on individual or collective liberties wereillegal under French law, unless it could be demonstrated that the restrictions are requisite tothe job and do not exceed what is necessary.Disney countered by saying that a ruling that barred them from imposing such anemployment standard could threaten the image and long-term success of the park. "For us,the appearance code has a great effect from a product identification standpoint," said ThorDegelmann, Euro Disney's personnel director. "Without it we couldn't be presenting theDisney product that people would be expecting."[17]Euro Disney opened for employee preview and testing in March 1992. During this timevisitors were mostly park employees and their family members, who tested facilities andoperations. The press were able to visit the day before the park's opening day on 12 April.On 12 April 1992, Euro Disney Resort and its theme park, Euro Disneyland, officially opened(on the same date that Mediaset's La Cinq closed down permanently).[18] Visitors werewarned of chaos on the roads. A government survey indicated that half a million peoplecarried by 90,000 cars might attempt to enter the complex. French radio warned traffic toavoid the area. By midday, the car park was approximately half full, suggesting an attendancelevel below 25,000. Explanations of the lower-than-expected turnout included speculationthat people heeded the advice to stay away and that the one-day strike that cut the direct RERrailway connection to Euro Disney from the centre of Paris made the park inaccessible.[15]Due to the European recession that August, the park faced financial difficulties as there were alack of things to do and an overabundance of hotels, leading to underperformance.[19]A new Indiana Jones roller-coaster ride was opened at Euro Disney in 1993. A few weeks afterthe ride opened there were problems with the emergency brakes which resulted in guestinjuries.[20]In 1994, the company was still having financial difficulties. There were rumours that EuroDisney was getting close to having to file for bankruptcy. The banks and the backers hadmeetings to work out some of the financial problems facing Euro Disney. In March 1994 TeamDisney went into negotiations with the banks so that they could get some help for their debt.As a last resort, the Walt Disney Company threatened to close the Disneyland Paris park,leaving the banks with the land.[19]In May 1992, entertainment magazine The Hollywood Reporter reported that about 25% ofEuro Disney's workforce – approximately 3,000 people – had resigned from their jobsbecause of unacceptable working conditions. It also reported that the park's attendance wasfar behind expectations. The disappointing attendance can be at least partly explained by theOpening day and early years
Financial, attendance and employment struggles

recession and increased unemployment, which was affecting France and most of the rest ofthe developed world at this time; when construction of the resort began, the economy was stillon an upswing.[21]Euro Disney S.C.A. responded in an interview with The Wall Street Journal, in which RobertFitzpatrick claimed only 1,000 people had left their jobs. In response to the financial situation,Fitzpatrick ordered that the Disney-MGM Studios Europeproject would be put on hiatus until a further decisioncould be made. Prices at the hotels were reduced.Despite these efforts in May 1992, park attendance wasaround 25,000 (some reports give a figure of 30,000)instead of the predicted 60,000. The Euro DisneyCompany stock price spiralled downwards and on 23 July1992, Euro Disney announced an expected net loss in itsfirst year of operation of approximately 300 millionFrench francs. During Euro Disney's first winter, hoteloccupancy was so low that it was decided to close theNewport Bay Club hotel during the season.Initial hopes were that each visitor would spend around US$33 per day, but near the end of1992, analysts found spending to be around 12% lower.[22] Efforts to improve attendanceincluded serving alcoholic beverages with meals inside the Euro Disneyland park, in responseto a presumed European demand, which began 12 June 1993.[23]By the summer of 1994, Euro Disney was burdened with $3 billion worth of debt. Disney CFORichard Nanula and Wall Street financier Steve Norris worked with Alwaleed's businessadvisor Mustafa Al Hejailan to rescue the overleveraged c o m p a n y . In that deal, the WaltDisney Corporation's 49 percent stake was reduced to 39 percent, the banks agreed to foregointerest payments until 1997, Disney wrote off royalties and fees until 1999, and Alwaleedagreed to pay $345 million for a 24 percent stake in Euro Disney.[24]On 1 October 1994, Euro Disney changed its name to Disneyland Paris. On 31 May 1995, a newattraction opened at the theme park. Space Mountain: De la Terre à la Lune had been plannedsince the inception of Euro Disneyland under the name Discovery Mountain, but wasreserved for a revival of public interest. With a redesign of the attraction (which hadpremiered as Space Mountain at the Walt Disney World Resort's Magic Kingdom in 1975)[25]including a "cannon launch" system, inversions, and an on-ride soundtrack, theUS$100 million attraction was dedicated in a ceremony attended by celebrities such as EltonJohn, Claudia Schiffer, and Buzz Aldrin.On 25 July 1995, Euro Disney S.C.A. reported its first quarterly profit of US$35.3 million.[26]On 15 November 1995, the results for the fiscal year ending 30 September 1995, were released;in one year the theme park's attendance had climbed from 8.8 million to 10.7 million – anincrease of 21%. Hotel occupancy had also climbed from 60 to 68.5%.[27] After debt payments,Disneyland Paris ended the year with a net profit of US$22.8 million.[28]
Disney's Newport Bay Club
1995 turnaround

As of March 2002, Disneyland Paris underwent a second name change to Disneyland ResortParis. In 2002, Euro Disney S.C.A. and the Walt Disney Company announced another annualprofit for Disneyland Paris. However, it then incurred a net loss in the three yearsfollowing.[29] By March 2004, the Walt Disney Company had agreed to write off all debt thatEuro Disney S.C.A. owed to the Walt Disney Company.[30] On 1 December 2003, Euro DisneyS.C.A launched the 'Need Magic' campaign, which lasted until March 2006 to bring new, first-time European visitors to the resort. And by 2005, having been open fewer than fifteen years,Disneyland Paris had become the number one tourist destination for Europe, outselling theLouvre and the Eiffel Tower.[31]In March 2006, Disneyland Resort Paris launched the advertising campaign, "believe in yourdreams" and paired with the TGV East European Line to encourage European familyattendance to the resort.[31][32] Shortly after announcing a 12% increase in revenues for thefiscal year of 2007,[33] Euro Disney S.C.A. implemented a "reverse split" consolidation ofshares of 100 to 1.[34] August 2008 brought the resort's 200 millionth visitor,[35] and made forthe third consecutive year of growth in revenues for the resort as well as record a record of15.3 million visitors in attendance.[36]In 2009, the resort demonstrated dedication to the recruitment of new employment positions,especially for the Christmas and summer seasons,[37] which continued in 2010 and 2011 when2,000 and 3,000 employment contracts being offered, respectively.[38][39] The 2009 fiscalyear saw a decrease in revenues by 7% and a net loss of 63 million[40] f o l l o w e d b y s t a b l erevenues at 1.2 billion in fiscal 2010.[41] Euro Disney S.C.A. refinanced their debt to WaltDisney Company again for 1.3 billion euros in September 2012.[42]A study done by the Inter-ministerial Delegation reviewing Disneyland Paris' contribution tothe French economy was released in time for the Resort's 20th anniversary in March 2012. Itfound that despite the resort's financial hardships, it has generated "37 billion euros intourism-related revenues over twenty years," supports on average 55,000 jobs in Franceannually, and that one job at Disneyland Paris generates nearly three jobs elsewhere inFrance.[43]For the first time in the resort's history, both the Disneyland Park and Walt Disney StudiosPark c l o s e d f r o m 1 4 t o 1 7 N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 5 , a s p a r t o f F r a n c e ' s national days of mourningfollowing the November 2015 Paris attacks.[44]On 19 June 2017, the resort's operating company, Euro Disney S.C.A, was acquired by TheWalt Disney Company, in the process, giving them full control of the resort. In December2018, Natacha Rafalski took over as CEO.[45] On 1 September 2017 the resort's second natureresort opened as Les Villages Nature Paris.On 27 February 2018, Walt Disney Company CEO Bob Iger announced that company wouldinvest €2 billion into the Disneyland Paris resort. The Walt Disney Studios Park will beexpanded with three new areas based upon Marvel, Frozen and Star Wars. In addition to thethree new areas, the expansion includes a new lake, which will be the focal point for2000 onwards

entertainment experiences and will also connect each of the new park areas. The first phase ofthe expansion will be completed in 2021.[46] In April 2019, the location hosted a Dota 2esports tournament.[47]On 1 June 2019, Disneyland Paris sponsored the Magical Pride Party, an LGBTQcelebration.[48] Previous similar events have taken place at the park since 2014, but were notofficially sponsored by Disney.[48]Disneyland Paris and its properties have been subject to a number of name changes, initiallyan effort to overcome the negative publicity that followed the inception of Euro Disney.[49]1. 12 April 1992 – 31 May 1994: Euro Disney Resort2. 1 June – 30 September 1994: Euro Disneyland Paris3. 1 October 1994 – 15 March 2002, 4 April 2009–present: Disneyland Paris4. 16 March 2002 – 3 April 2009: Disneyland Resort Paris
Disneyland Paris contains 2 theme parks, 8 resort hotels, 7 associated hotels, a golf course, ahigh-speed rail station, a large outlet centre (la vallée village), and a large shopping mall: Vald'Europe.Disneyland Park opened with the resort on 12 April 1992 and is based on a larger scale ofthe original Disneyland in California and the Magic Kingdom in Florida.Walt Disney Studios Park opened on 16 March 2002 celebrating show business, films,and behind-the-scenes
Name changesThe complex
ParksDisney Nature Resorts

Disney's Davy Crockett Ranch®Villages Nature Paris®Disney Village, an entertainment district containing a variety of restaurants, entertainmentvenues and shops.Val d'Europe, a shopping centre with a variety of outlet shops and large departmentstores.Golf Disneyland features 9-hole and 18-hole courses.According to the Disneyland Paris website the theme park's top five attractions in DisneylandPark a r e It's a Small World, Star Wars Hyperspace Mountain (formerly known as SpaceMountain: Mission 2), Big Thunder Mountain, Pirates of the Caribbean, and BuzzLightyear's Astro Blasters.[50][51] It's a Small World, located in Fantasyland, takes visitors ona musical tour of world attractions;[52] Star Wars and Hyperspace Mountain which is a rollercoaster situated in the Discoveryland district; Big Thunder Mountain is a mine train rollercoaster within Frontierland;[50][53] Pirates of the Caribbean is located in Adventureland; andBuzz Lightyear's Astro Blasters, also located in Discoveryland, was inspired by theDisney/Pixar film Toy Story 2 and features people attempting to successfully shoot lasers atseemingly moving targets to earn as many points as possible.[53]The park is approximately 4,800 acres (1,942 ha), and is divided into two main parks thateach hold separate attraction areas within them. The park receives around twelve millionvisitors a year which makes it the most visited place in Europe.[54]In 2018, The Walt Disney Company announced a multi-year expansion project.[55] It isexpected to be completed by 2024 in time for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.Shopping, dining, and entertainmentOther recreationRides and attractions
Roller coasters

NameManufacturerSpeedHeightLengthPark(Section)OpenedClosedBigThunderMountainRailroadVekoma65kilometresper hour(40 mph)22metres(72 ft)1,500metres(4,900 ft)DisneylandPark,Frontierland1992IndianaJones andthe Templeof PerilIntamin58kilometresper hour(36 mph)18metres(59 ft)600metres(2,000 ft)DisneylandPark,Adventureland1993Casey Jr.CircusTrainVekoma45kilometresper hour(28 mph)3 metres(9.8 ft)unknownDisneylandPark,Fantasyland1994HyperspaceMountainVekoma71kilometresper hour(44 mph)32metres(105 ft)1,000metres(3,300 ft)DisneylandPark,Discoveryland1995RC RacerIntamin80kilometresper hour(50 mph)25metres(82 ft)82metres(269 ft)Walt DisneyStudios Park,Toon studio,Toy StoryPlayland2010Rock 'n'RollerCoasterstarringAerosmithVekoma92kilometresper hour(57 mph)24metres(79 ft)1,037metres(3,402 ft)Walt DisneyStudios Park,Backlot20022019Crush'sCoasterMaurer Söhne60.7kilometresper hour(37.7 mph)16metres(52 ft)545metres(1,788 ft)Walt DisneyStudios Park,Toon Studio2007Stark's TestI.A CoasterVekoma92kilometresper hour(57 mph)24metres(79 ft)1,037metres(3,402 ft)Walt DisneyStudios Park,AvengersCampus ParisTBCThe complex features six Disneyland Paris hotels. The Disneyland Hotel is located over theentrance of the Disneyland Park and is marketed as the most prestigious hotel on property. Abody of water known as Lake Disney is surrounded by Disney's Hotel New York — The Art ofMarvel, Disney's Newport Bay Club, and Disney's Sequoia Lodge. Disney's Hotel Cheyenneand Disney's Hotel Santa Fe are located near Lake Disney; Disney's Davy Crockett Ranch islocated in a woodland area outside the resort perimeter.Hotels

NameThemeArchitectNumberofRoomsOpeningDatePriceRatingDisneyland HotelAmerican-VictorianWalt DisneyImagineering &Wimberly, Allison, Tong& Goo49612 April1992€€€5*Disney's Hotel NewYork — The Art ofMarvelMarvel CinematicUniverseMichael Graves5652020€€5*Disney's NewportBay ClubNew EnglandRobert A.M. SternArchitects109812 April1992€€4*Disney's SequoiaLodgeAmerican NationalPark LodgeAntoine Grumbach101112 April1992€€3*Disney's HotelCheyenneAmerican OldWestRobert A.M. SternArchitects100012 April1992€2*Disney's HotelSanta FeAmericanSouthwestAntoine Predock100012 April1992€2*Disneyland Paris includes six on-site partner hotels that are not managed by The Walt DisneyCompany but provide free shuttle buses to the parks: B&B Hotel, Algonquin's Explorers Hotel,Vienna House Dream Castle Hotel, Vienna House Magic Circus Hotel, Kyriad Hotel, andRadisson Blu Hotel. There are also 2 associated hotels located in Val d'Europe: Adagio Marne-la-Vallée Val d’Europe and Hôtel l’Élysée Val d’Europe.Disney's Hotel New York – The Art of Marvel is currently closed for renovation. The reopeningis scheduled for 15 June 2020[56].Located set back from the parks, these resorts specialize in adventurous and aquatic activities.NameThemeDesignNumberofRoomsOpeningDatePriceRatingDisney'sDavyCrockettRanchWildernessandadventureSet back from the parks, the ranch islocated in the midst of a large forest.Guests stay in cozy log cabins with accessto swimming pools and other sportsfacilities. There is a restaurant and a bar.59512 April1992€N/AVillagesNatureParisAquaticactivitiesand well-beingLes Villages Nature Paris was constructedon a massive scale. With many differentstyles of rooms, guests have theopportunity to explore huge aquatic spacesand swim. There s also 4-5 restaurants forguests to dine.1September2017€€N/AA railway station, Marne-la-Vallée–Chessy, is located between the theme parks and DisneyVillage. It opened on 1 April 1992 and is notably served by regional express line RER A whichprovides a direct connection with the centre of Paris and for further connections, direct toDisney Nature Resorts
Transport

Paris – Gare de Lyon.The railway station is also served by long-distance high-speed TGV and Ouigo trains offeringdirect services to many cities across France. There areservices from and to London St PancrasInternational, Ebbsfleet International and AshfordInternational by Eurostar. There are also Thalysservices to both Brussels and Amsterdam.Free shuttle buses provide transport to all Disneyhotels and Les Villages Nature® Paris (exceptDisney's Davy Crockett Ranch) and AssociatedHotels.Disneyland Paris has strict rules designed to prevent guests from seeing backstage areas of thepark. Photography and filming are strictly forbidden in all backstage areas. The edges of theparks are lined with ride buildings and foliage to hide areas that are not for the public to see.Numerous area gates allow entrance into the park for cast members, parade floats, etc. Whenarea gates around the park are open, anything that can be seen through them is considered tobe on-stage and part of the Disney Magic. Therefore, from the moment the gates are open, allof the cast must be in character and in place to 'perform'. As the complex is so big, shuttlebuses take cast members to different parts of the parks via service roads located around theperimeter of the parks.Many attractions are housed in large, soundstage-like buildings called "show buildings", someof which are partially or completely disguised by external theming. Most show buildings haveoff-white flat roofs that support HVAC units and footpaths for maintenance cast members.Housed inside show buildings are the actual attractions, which include hidden walkways,service areas, control rooms, and other backstage operations.
Marne-la-Vallée – Chessy station, view tothe platform areaBackstage Disney
Attendance

2009 – 15,400,6902010 – 15,158,8002011 – 15,700,0002012 – 16,000,0002013 – 14,900,0002014 – 14,200,000[57]2015 – 14,800,000[58]2016 – 13,400,000[59]2017 – 14,860,000[60]2018 – 15,141,000[61]On 8 July 2017, Disneyland hosted its first-ever EDM festival entitled Electroland, incelebration of Disneyland Paris’ 25th anniversary. Steve Aoki, NERVO & Michael Calfan werethe main highlights of the first edition.[62] The second edition of the festival was held on 29and 30 June 2018 which featured Afrojack, Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, Klingande, RobinSchulz, Bob Sinclair, Mosimann and Lovely Laura & Ben Santiago. The third edition was heldover a span of 3 days from 5 July through to 7 July in 2019. The theme of the third edition wasbased upon Disney's movie The Lion King. The lineup included Steve Aoki , Nervo , Showtek,The Magician , Nicky Romero, Alesso , Armin Van Buuren, Nora En Pure etc. Disneyland alsoannounced the fourth edition of the 3-day festival in 2020 starting from 4 July.[63]The Walt Disney CompanyRail transport in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
Electroland Festival
See alsoReferences

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