Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru Urbanism,Calitatea vietii [ ​ INTERVENTII DE CRESTERE A CALITATII VIETII [615600]

2019

Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru

Urbanism,Calitatea vietii

[
​
INTERVENTII
DE
CRESTERE
A

CALITATII
VIETII
LA
NIVEL
URBAN

PRIN
IMBUNATATIRE
MODELELOR
DE

ALIMENTATIE PUBLICA
​
]

Se completează cu o descriere de 50 cuvinte a lucrării.

Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru

Interventii de crestere a calitatii vietii la nivel urban prin

intermediul modelelor de alimentatie publica

2

Cuprins

REZUMAT

1
INTRODUCERE

2
DEFINIREA SI PREZENTAREA CONTEXTULUI ROMANESC

2.1
CONTEXT ISTORIC

2.2
CONTEXT SOCIO-ECONOMIC SI POLITIC

2.3
ORGANIZAREA SI FUNCTIONAREA SECTORULUI AGRICOL IN ROMANIA

2.4
RETELELE DE ALIMENTATIE PUBLICA

2.5
CONCLUZII.DEFINIREA OPORTUNITATII SI SCOPUL TEMEI ALESE

3.
TEORII SI POLITICI REFERITOARE LA MODELELE DE ALIMENTATIE PUBLICA

3.1
REFORMA POLITICII AGRICOLE COMUNA LA NIVEL EUROPEAN

3.2
URBACT MARKETS

3.2.0
PRINCIPII DE BAZA

3.2.1
STUDII DE CAZ

3.2.1.1 SUCEAVA MARKETS LOCAL ACTION PLAN

3.2.1.2 BAENA INTEGRATED ACTION PLAN

3.2.1.3 MUNICIPALITY OF CESENA INTEGRATED ACTION
PLAN

3.2.1.4 ORASUL SIBIU , MAGAZINUL UNIREA

3.2.1.5 CONCLUZII

3.3
RUAF FONDATION

3.3.0
PRINCIPII DE BAZA

3.3.1
STUDII DE CAZ

3.3.1.1 LINKÖPING, SWEDEN

3.3.1.1
​
(Alte studii asteapta sa fie gasite)

3.4
CONCLUZII

4.
PIATA AGROALIMENTARA

4.1
INTRODUCERE

4.2
NORMATIVE VS CERINTE

Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru

Interventii de crestere a calitatii vietii la nivel urban prin

intermediul modelelor de alimentatie publica

3

4.3
DESIGN SI CONFIGURATIE SPATIALA

4.2.1
STUDII DE CAZ

4.4
CONCLUZII

5.
METODOLOGIE

6.
CONCLUZII

BIBLIOGRAFIE

Rezumat

Cuvinte
cheie:
SISTEMUL
AGROALIMENTAR,
POLITICA

AGRICOLA
COMUNA,
MARKET
ORIENTATION,
MODELE
DE

ALIMENTATIE, MICII FERMIERI,LANTURI DE APROVIZIONARE

1
Introducere

Proiectul
la
care
îmi
doresc
să
lucrez
are
că
ș
i
arie
de
acoperire
teritoriul

Romaniei.Acest
proiect
î
ș
i
dore
ș
te
să
fie
unul
realistic
,
atacând
o
problema
de
actualitate
la

nivel
global
,
mai
exact
lipsa
unor
modele
de
alimenta
ț
ie
publică
sustenabil
ș
i
care
să

conlucreze cu a
ș
ezările rurale din imediată apropiere a Timi
ș
oarei.

Lucrarea
î
ș
i
propune
studierea
ș
i
în
ț
elegerea
situa
ț
iei
actuale
existente
în
procesul

locuitorului
timi
ș
orean
de
ob
ț
inere
a
alimentelor
de
zi
cu
zi,
ș
i
mai
departe,
propunerea
unei

variante
alternative
la
cea
existen
ț
a
care
să
răspundă
necesită
ț
ii
ora
ș
ului
de
a
furniza

alimente
proaspete,
sănătoase,
ieftine
către
locuitori
ș
i
care
să
reintregeasca
legătură

ora
ș
ului
cu
producătorii
locali
din
imediată
apropiere.În
altă
ordine
de
idei
îmi
doresc

semnalarea
unei
probleme
importante
în
ora
ș
ș
i
anume
lipsa
calită
ț
ii
sau
existen
ț
ei
la
o

distan
ț
ă
considerabilă
a
pie
ț
elor
agroalimentare.Felul
în
care
func
ț
ionează
aceste
pie
ț
e

rezultă
într-o
încredere
scăzută
a
popula
ț
iei
acest
lucru
conducând
consumatorii
către
cea

de-a
două
varianta
ș
i
anume
supermarketurile,
acestea
reu
ș
ind
să
satisfacă
nevoia

consumatorului
referitoare
la
:
normele
de
igienă
,
controlul
calită
ț
ii,
o
gama
variată
de

produse
ș
i
a
furniza
informa
ț
iile
referitoare
la
felul
în
care
a
fost
produs
alimentul.Noul
rol
al

consumatorului
urban
ce
î
ș
i
dore
ș
te
să
aibă
o
voce
în
legătură
cu
modelul
de
alimenta
ț
ie

Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru

Interventii de crestere a calitatii vietii la nivel urban prin

intermediul modelelor de alimentatie publica

4

disponibil
în
ora
ș
ș
i
impactul
social
ș
i
de
mediu
duce
la
o
nevoie
acută
în
generarea
unor
noi

spa
ț
ii care să găzduiască func
ț
iuni de pie
ț
e agroaliemntare
ș
i alte func
ț
iuni conexe.

Con
ș
tientizarea
problemelor
precizate
mai
sus
m-a
făcut
să
petrec
timp
în
a
în
ț
elege

care
sunt
nevoile
mele
în
ob
ț
inerea
anumitor
alimente
ș
i
cum
a
ș
putea
să-mi
aduc
aportul
în

încercarea de a le rezolva.

2
Definirea si prezentarea contextului romanesc

2.1
CONTEXT ISTORIC

[
​
https://ecoruralis.ro/storage/files/Documente/RaportPAC.pdf
​
]>link
pentru
documentul

de unde am extras informatia.

Romania
are
o
lunga
istorie
agricola
,
chiar
si
inainte
sa
existe
Romania
in
aceasta

zona
de
Sud-Est
a
Europei
viata
in
general
era
caracterizata
ca
fiind
una
a
muncii
agricole

indiferent de popoarele sau imperiile care au mai venit.

In
1859
apare
actualul
stat
Romania,
acesta
a
conoscut
o
activitate
agricola
ridicata

inca
de
la
inceput
,
urmand
ca
dupa
Primul
Razboi
Mondial
odata
cu
recuperarea

Transilvaniei
sa
devina
una
dintre
primele
tari
agricole
din
Europa.Perioada
interbelica
in

Romania
este
amintita
ca
fiind
o
perioada
prospera
,
prosperitatea
datorandu-se
in
mare

parte
reformei
agrare
care
a
dat
pamant
taranului.Istoria
elementara
caracterizeaza
statul

Roman
in
aceasta
perioada
ca
fiind
unul
dintre
cei
mai
mari
producatori
de
cereale
mai
ales

in zona de Sud-Est a Europei.

Toate
acestea
au
luat
sfarsit,
odata
cu
venirea
celui
de-al
Doilea
Razboi

Mondial.Acest
eveniment
a
avut
urmari
grave
asupra
Romaniei
,
prima
urmare
fiind

pierderea
completa
a
infrastructurii,
urmata
de
pierderea
anumitor
teritorii
odata
cu
pierderea

războiului.Europa
a
suferit
un
declin
demografic
masiv
,
iar
odata
cu
instalarea
comunistilor

la putere viata taranului a inceput sa nu mai semene cu ce era inainte.

Perioada
1947
si
1962
a
fost
martora
colectivizarii
fortate
a
terenurilor
agricole,

concentrandu-se
pe
asa
numita
modernizare
si
industrializare
a
agriculturii.In
cele
din
urma

taranii
si-au
pierdut
pamantul
,
o
mare
parte
a
populatiei
a
fost
mutata
din
zonele
rurale
la

orase
pentru
a
muncii
in
fabrici
de
stat
devenind
parte
a
sectorului
industrial.Taranii
ramasi

sa
lucreze
pamantul
erau
obligati
sa
produca
pentru
stat,
lor
revenindu-le
o
cantitate

nesemnificativa.Acest
lucru
a
dus
la
frustrare
in
randul
taranului
simplu
,
fara
a
putea
sa

asigure hrana familiei legatura taranului cu pamantul a fost deteriorata.

Anii
ce
au
urmat
au
dus
la
pierderi
sistematice
in
randurile
taranilor
romani
,
odata
cu

ei
s-au
pierdut
si
cunostinte
importante
dobandite
de
secole
despre
agricultura.Ulterior

Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru

Interventii de crestere a calitatii vietii la nivel urban prin

intermediul modelelor de alimentatie publica

5

romanii
mutati
la
tara
,
au
fost
obligati
sa
o
ia
de
la
inceput
ca
fermieri
amatori
,
fara

cunostintle pe care le-ar fi avut in alt context.

Regimul
Comunist
a
tras
agricultura
romaneasca
inapoi
atat
direct
prin
cele

mentionate
mai
sus
cat
si
indirect
,
astfel
cuvinte
ca
si
“colectivizare”
sau
“cooperativa”
au

capatat conotatii negative in acceptiunea romanilor.

Anul
1989
a
adus
prabusirea
regimului
impus
de
Nicolae
Ceausescu
lasand
loc
unui

nou
sistem
agricol
asa
cum
il
stim
si
astazi.Romania
a
adoptat
o
atitudine
de
tip
capitalista
,

totodata
pastrand
mare
parte
din
structura
agricola
comunista.Despre
sistemul
comunist

putem
mentiona
ca
a
tintit
la
autosuficienta,
neavand
nevoie
de
import
de
bunuri
agricole,
de

asemenea
guvernul
sub
conducerea
lui
Ion
Iliescu
a
dat
dovada
de
aceasi
retinere
in
materie

de
importuri
de
bunuri
agricole,
performand
o
politica
protectionista
de
majoare
a
tarifelor

vamale
.Acest
lucru
s-a
datorat
dependentei
mentale
de
stat
a
poporului
roman
care
incerca

sa
se
adune
dupa
evenimentul
din
1989.Lucrul
pe
care
ar
trebuii
sa
ni-l
amintim
este
acela

ca
revolutia
nu
a
adus
o
schimbare
in
bine
sau
in
rau
,
ea
a
adus
o
schimbare
,care
in

anumite
sectoare
probabil
a
facut
mai
mult
rau
decat
bine
si
aici
am
putea
sa
mentionam

marile
privatizari
de
firme
ale
statului
si
cei
care
au
reusit
sa
puna
mana
pe
ele.Aceste

persoane
care
au
intrat
in
posesia
firmelor
in
timp
s-a
dovededit
a
fi
cu
precadere
persoane

conectate
la
aparatul
comunist,
fenomenul
ramanand
vizibil
inca
si
astazi.Din
cele

mentionate
mai
sus
putem
deduce
ca
statul
favoriza
mai
degraba
managerii
si
proprietarii

marilor
afaceri
agro-industriale,
taranii
romani
fiind
din
nou
marginalizati
exact
ca
si
in

perioada comunista .

In
primul
deceniu
dupa
comunism
doar
cativa
actori
au
reusit
sa
puna
presiune

pentru nevoile fermierilor mari , organizatii precum federatia comerciala Agrostar.

In
anii
2000
Romania
considera
serios
aderarea
la
Uniunea
Europeana
subventiile

raman acordate cu aceasi precadere catre actorii mari , taranii ramanand defavorizati.

Dupa
asta
a
urmat
aderarea
la
UE
unde
pentru
prima
data
guvernul
a
inceput
sa

acorde sprijin si micilor fermieri.

In
concluzie
la
o
scurta
radiografie
intre
actual
si
vechi
putem
identifica
probleme

legate
de
coruptie
si
neprofesionalism
care
par
sa
se
mosteneasca
,
de
cele
mai
multe
ori

problemele
cu
care
s-au
confruntat
comunistii
nereusind
sa
le
depaseasca
sunt
valabile
si
in

prezent.

+

http://store.ectap.ro/articole/1088.pdf

Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru

Interventii de crestere a calitatii vietii la nivel urban prin

intermediul modelelor de alimentatie publica

6

2.2
CONTEXT SOCIO-ECONOMIC SI POLITIC

Marimea
populatiei
agricole
romanesti
este
coplesitoare,
avand
un
procent
din
populatia
tarii

nemaiintalnit
in
vestul
Europei,
de
la
revolutia
industriala.Intrarea
Romaniei
in
UE
a
schimbat
imaginea

si
caracterul
agriculturii
europene,
iar
acum
UE
este
in
proces
de
schimbare
a
imaginii
si
caracterului

agriculturii
romanesti,
Romania
avand
o
populatie
agricola
de
cinci
ori
mai
mare
decat
nivelul
mediu

UE
si
dubla
in
comparatie
cu
tara
urmatoare
sub
linie.Spatiul
rural
din
Romania
,
considerat
ca
un

ansambu
de
teritorii,
populatii,
localitati,
agenti
economici,
structura
sociala,
cultura,
traditii,
obiceiuri

prezinta
o
serie
de
caracteristici
de
o
deosebita
complexitate
economica,
demografica
si

socio-culturala.

Pana
in
anul
2008,
populatia
implicata
in
agricultura
a
scazut
din
nou
la
aproximativ
30%,
pe

masura
ce
au
aparut
noi
oportunitati
in
zonele
urbane.Acest
procent
este
uluitor
in
comparatie
cu

Europa
de
Vest,
unde,
in
Franta
populatia
implicata
in
agricultura
este
de
3,4%,
in
Germania
este
de

2,2%
si
in
Marea
Britanie
este
de
doar
1,4%
din
ocuparea
fortei
de
munca.Importanta
agriculturii
in

Romania ,pur si simplu nu poate fi ignorata.

Romania
este
o
tara
relativ
mare
pe
scena
Uniunii
Europene,
cu
terenuri
agricole
deosebit
de
propice

dezvoltarii
unei
agriculturi
eficiente.Tara
noastra
este
predominant
rurala,
cu
60%
din
teritoriul
tarii

fiind
clasificata
ca
mediu
rural,47%
din
populatie
traind
in
zonele
rurale,
media
fiind
mult
mai
mare

decat
cea
pe
care
o
inregistreaza
Uniunea
Europeana,
respectiv
de
15%.Zonele
rurale
din
Romania

ocupa
aproximativ
14,7
milioane
de
hectare
de
teren
agricol
si
cuprinde
peste
patru
milioane
de

ferme.

Mai
mult
decat
atat,
avand
o
suprafata
agricola
de
aproape
15
milioane
de
hectare,
Romania

are
posibilitati
sa
creeze
disponibilitati
pentru
asigurarea
bunastarii
nutritionale
a
intregii

populatii.Dezvoltarea
multilaterala
a
agriculturii,
ca
principala
obtiune
a
politicii
agricole,
este
de
natura

sa
asigure
resursele
alimentare
la
majoritatea
produselor
de
importanta
strategica,
valorificarea

potentialului
de
productie
,
precum
si
atenuarea
oscilatiilor
inerente
ale
pietelor
externe
ale
produselor

agroalimentare.In
aceste
conditii
este
necesara,
bineinteles
,
adoptarea
unor
alternative
de
politici

alimentare
privind
producerea
de
alimente
la
preturi
accesibile
,
cresterea
cererii
solvabile
a
populatiei

Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru

Interventii de crestere a calitatii vietii la nivel urban prin

intermediul modelelor de alimentatie publica

7

si
luarea
in
considerare
a
avantajelor
comparative
ale
importului
si
exportului
de
produse

agroalimentare.

In
cadrul
UE,
Romania
apare
ca
tara
cea
mai
dependenta
de
agricultura,
cu
cel
mai
mare

numar
de
fermieri
din
uniunea
luata
ca
un
intreg.Nu
numai
ca
are
cel
mai
mare
procent
de
agricultori

in
UE,
fermierii
din
Romania
reprezinta
20%
din
intreaga
forta
de
munca
din
UE
mobilizata
in

agricultura.

Potrivit
datelor
Eurostat,
Romania
avea
in
2010
cel
mai
mare
numar
de
exploatatii
agricole
din

Uniunea
Europeana,
de
aproape
4
milioane,
reprezentand
o
treime
din
totalul
la
nivel
comunitar,
in

timp
ce
suprafata
medie,
de
3,4hectare,
este
printre
cele
mai
mici,
depasind
doar
insulele
Malta
si

Ciplru.Numarul
de
exploatatii
agricole
din
Romania
a
zcazut
din
14%
in
perioada
2003-2010,
la
3,86

milioane , in timp ce in UE declinul a fost de 20%, la 12,05milioane.

Conform
rezultatelor
de
la
Biofach-Nurnberg
2013
eveniment
specializat
pe
agricultura

ecologica,
Romania
a
fost
tara
cu
cele
mai
bune
terenuri
clasate
din
punct
de
vedere
al
favorabilitatii

de
a
cultiva
in
sistem
ecologic,
acest
fapt
va
atrage
investitori
si
oameni
de
afaceri
interesati
sa

produca
si
sa
comercializeze
produse
ecologice.Cele
peste
50
de
firme
romanesti
prezentate
la
targul

organizat
cu
ocazia
acestor
evenimente
cu
produse
ecologice
certificate
vor
fi
garantia
dezvoltarii
in

viitor a unui comer exterior reciproc avantajos cu partenerii din intreaga lume.

2.3
ORGANIZAREA SI FUNCTIONAREA SECTORULUI AGRICOL IN ROMANIA

2.4
RETELELE DE ALIMENTATIE PUBLICA

2.5
CONCLUZII.DEFINIREA OPORTUNITATII SI SCOPUL TEMEI ALESE

3.
TEORII
SI
POLITICI
REFERITOARE
LA
MODELELE
DE

ALIMENTATIE PUBLICA

3.1
REFORMA POLITICII AGRICOLE COMUNA LA NIVEL EUROPEAN

Politica
Agricolă
Comună
se
numără
printre
primele
politici
comune
ale
Comunității

Economice
Europene,
regăsindu-și
geneza
în
reacția
la
problemele
alimentare
care
au
urmat

celei
de-a
doua
conflagrații
mondiale.
Mai
mult
decât
atât,
este
imperativ
să
precizăm
faptul

că
termenul
de
politică
comună
reflectă
cât
se
poate
de
fidel
una
dintre
caracteristicile

relevante
ale
Politicii
Agricole
Comune,
în
speță
că,
pentru
circa
90%
din
produsele
agricole,

decizia
nu
mai
aparține
statelor
membre,
ci
Uniunii
Europene.
Grosso
modo,
există
două

cauze
care
au
favorizat
apariția
acestei
tipologii
de
politică.
Pe
de
o
parte,
a
fost
nevoie
de
o

fluidizare
a
comerțului
european
cu
produse
agricole,
iar
pe
de
altă
parte,
a
fost
o
anumită

temere
față
de
situația
în
care
forța
de
muncă
eliberată
din
agricultură
ca
urmare
a

mecanizării,
n-ar
fi
putut
fi
absorbită
în
același
ritm
de
celelalte
sectoare
ale
economiei,
caz

în care veniturile agricole ar fi scăzut și mai mult comparativ cu cele din industrie

Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru

Interventii de crestere a calitatii vietii la nivel urban prin

intermediul modelelor de alimentatie publica

8

https://www.askfood.eu/tools/forecast/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/CFP_FullReport.pdf

3.2
URBACT MARKETS

[
​
https://urbact.eu/sites/default/files/import/Projects/URBACT_Markets/outputs_media/Baselin
e_Study_01.pdf
​
]>>>>>link pentru documentul de unde am extras informatia

Project
goals
and
overview
Urbact
markets
is
a
project
that
aims
to
explore
the
role
of

city
retail
markets
as
key
drivers
for
social,
environmental
and
economic
change
in
our

neighbourhoods.
Markets
generate
footfall,
economic
activity,
increase
in
trade
in

surrounding
areas,
incentivize
tourism
and
reinforce
local
cohesion.
The
project
focuses
on

sharing
best
practice
for
creating
and
managing
both
street
and
covered
market,
either
food

or
specialist
markets.
Markets
will
be
treated
as
part
of
the
urban
trade
and
retail
policy,
but

with
an
integrated
approach:
urban
planning,
environment,
employment
and
tourism
policy

areas
will
also
be
part
of
our
action
plans.
The
project
will
propose
specific
measures
to

adapt
markets
to
the
challenges
of
the
XXIst
century,
to
contribute
to
answering
the
needs
of

neighbours, consumer trends and demands, and low-carbon neighbourhoods.

The
Markets
For
centuries,
markets
have
been
an
important
part
of
the
city
retail.

They
represent
not
only
the
place
where
people
buy
food
and
non
food
products
but
also
the

place
where
the
heart
of
the
city
could
be
found.
When
retail
chains
where
not
yet
developed,

small
retailers
were
the
only
source
of
products
for
the
city.
Craft
shops
gathered
in
specific

areas
of
the
cities
(today’s
high
streets)
but
traders
and
farmers
met
in
a
specific
places,
the

“markets”.
This
phenomenon
could
be
found
all
over
Europe
in
small
cites
as
well
as
capital

cities,
the
only
difference
being
the
number
of
stalls,
the
variety
of
products
and
the
opening

days.
Because
of
the
footfall
they
generated,
markets
had
a
very
important
impact
on
their

surroundings,
enhancing
the
opening
of
retail
shops,
artisans
and
other
businesses.
Even
if

this
was
more
or
less
homogeneous
in
all
countries
and
cities,
the
industrialization
first
and

the
retail
evolution
afterwards,
produced
a
divergent
path
for
the
markets
in
every
country

and region.

The
Markets
today
Although
markets
generate
great
footfall
and
can
bring
“life”
to
a

neighbourhood,
their
economic
and
social
impact
has
often
been
undervalued.
Nowadays,

the
situation
of
the
markets
in
each
city
varies
considerably.
Several
factors
explain
these

Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru

Interventii de crestere a calitatii vietii la nivel urban prin

intermediul modelelor de alimentatie publica

9

differences:
retail
competition,
local
laws,
retail
association
relevance
and
roles,
market

governance
models,
logistics
models,
etc.
The
different
evolution
of
the
markets
implies
that

different
management
approaches,
typologies
and/or
degree
of
competitiveness
can
be

found.
But
even
within
this
heterogeneity,
markets
are
still
at
the
heart
of
the
city
life
and

play,
an
important
role
for
the
retail
offer,
tourism
attraction
as
well
as
social
and
economic

cohesion
and
development
of
their
local
neighbourhoods.
Local
governments
have

re-discovered
or
are
rediscorvering
the
centrality
of
markets
in
their
city
and
their
relevance

to
urban
development,
their
role
in
jobs
creation
and
entrepreneurship
and
their
importance

for the social development of the neighbourhoods.

The
market’s
ecosystem
As
stated
formerly,
markets
have
a
broad
impact
on
the
city.

Several
areas
of
the
city
GDP
generation
are
impacted
such
as
tourism,
logistics,
real
estate

or
retail
development
At
the
same
time,
most
of
the
quality
of
life
indicators
are
also

influenced,
such
as
social
development
and
integration,
sustainability,
availability
of
km0

products,
mobility
and
employment.
For
this
reason,
a
wide
range
of
stakeholders
can
be

identified:
local
and
regional
authorities,
business,
traders
and
retail
associations,
wholesale

distributors,
local
producers,
different
kind
of
investors
and,
of
course,
the
citizens
of
the
city,

especially
those
in
the
market’s
neighbourhood.
The
attached
graph
represents
in
a
very

synthetic way the whole markets model and ecosystem.

3.2.0
PRINCIPII DE BAZA

3.2.1
STUDII DE CAZ

3.2.1.1
SUCEAVA MARKETS LOCAL ACTION PLAN

3.2.1.2
BAENA INTEGRATED ACTION PLAN

3.2.1.4
MUNICIPALITY OF CESENA INTEGRATED ACTION PLAN

3.2.1.4
ORASUL SIBIU, PROIECTUL MAGAZINUL UNIREA

3.2.1.5
CONCLUZII

3.3
RUAF FONDATION

3.3.0
PRINCIPII DE BAZA

Urban
agriculture
can
be
defined
shortly
as
the
growing
of
plants
and
the
raising
of

animals
within
and
around
cities.
The
most
striking
feature
of
urban
agriculture,
which

distinguishes
it
from
rural
agriculture,
is
that
it
is
integrated
into
the
urban
economic
and

ecological
system:
urban
agriculture
is
embedded
in
-and
interacting
with-
the
urban

ecosystem.
Such
linkages
include
the
use
of
urban
residents
as
labourers,
use
of
typical

urban
resources
(like
organic
waste
as
compost
and
urban
wastewater
for
irrigation),
direct

links
with
urban
consumers,
direct
impacts
on
urban
ecology
(positive
and
negative),
being

part
of
the
urban
food
system,
competing
for
land
with
other
urban
functions,
being

Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru

Interventii de crestere a calitatii vietii la nivel urban prin

intermediul modelelor de alimentatie publica

10

influenced
by
urban
policies
and
plans,
etc.
Urban
agriculture
is
not
a
relict
of
the
past
that

will
fade
away
(urban
agriculture
increases
when
the
city
grows)
nor
brought
to
the
city
by

rural
immigrants
that
will
lose
their
rural
habits
over
time.
It
is
an
integral
part
of
the
urban

system.

3.3.1
STUDII DE CAZ

3.3.1.1
LINKÖPING, SWEDEN

[
​
https://www.ruaf.org/sites/default/files/2016_GIZ%2CFAO%2CRUAF_CityRegionFoodSyste
ms%20and%20FoodWasteManagement_digital.pdf
​
]>link
pentru
documentul
de
unde
am

extras informatia.

Linköping
Biogas
AB
was
formed
in
1995
as
a
result
of
co-operation
between
the
City

of
Linköping,
the
local
abattoir
(Swedish
Meats
AB)
and
the
farmers’
association
(Lantbrukets

Ekonomi
AB).
The
company
decided
in
1995
to
build
a
biogas
plant
to
supply
all
the
city

buses
in
Linköping
with
gas
and
received
funding
of
Euro
140,000
from
the
city
government.

Construction
work
started
in
March
1996
and
the
plant
began
operation
in
December
1996.

Since
2005,
the
plant
has
been
owned
and
operated
by
Svensk
Biogas
(Swedish
Biogas),
a

subsidiary
to
the
City
of
Linköping.
Over
the
past
few
years,
the
plant
has
undergone
several

upgrades to increase its capacity to match the growing demand for biogas.

The
Linköping
Waste-to-Energy
plant
uses
organic
waste
from
agriculture
and

slaughterhouses
around
Linköping
for
transformation
into
biogas,
fuelling
the
public
transport

system
and
reducing
emissions
and
pollution
from
urban
transport.
Additionally,
the
plant

supports
local
production
through
the
production
of
52,000
tonnes/year
of
bio-fertiliser
for

farms
in
the
region.
In
2001,
the
project
was
expanded
to
include
waste
from
school

canteens
and
restaurants,
by
installing
three
waste
macerators
throughout
the
city.
Svensk

Biogas
currently
owns
and
operates
12
public
refuelling
stations
in
Linköping
and
in
the

surrounding
area.
The
filling
stations
are
used
by
private
cars
as
well
as
by
taxis
and

distribution vehicles from different companies.

The
Linköping
plant
receives
the
majority
of
its
waste
from
different
food
industries

(waste
fat,
vegetable
waste,
slaughterhouse
waste,
etc.),
2,000
tonnes/year
of
animal

manure
and
36,000
tonnes/year
of
other
waste
materials
for
a
total
of
100,000
tonnes.
The

waste
is
mixed
with
manure
at
the
biogas
plant
and
then
pasteurised
for
1
hour
at
70°C.
The

material
is
then
fed
to
the
digesters.
The
digested
product
is
regularly
removed
from
the

digester
and
stored
at
the
plant
for
a
few
days
before
it
is
transported
back
to
farmers
and

used as bio-fertiliser.

Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru

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The
annual
production
of
bio-fertiliser
is
around
52,000
tonnes.
The
bio-fertiliser
has
a

dry
matter
content
of
4.5%
and
a
nitrogen
content
of
more
than
7
kg/nm3.
It
is
certified

according
to
the
Swedish
certification
system
SPCR120
and
thereby
approved
for
recycling

to
farmland.
Since
March
2015,
all
the
bio-fertiliser
produced
in
Tekniska
Verken’s
biogas

plant is also ecologically certified (KRAV4 certified).

3.3.1.2
CONCLUZII

4.
PIATA AGROALIMENTARA

4.1
INTRODUCERE

[file:///C:/Users/studf/Desktop/Diploma/FrancisGriffith.pdf]
​
>>>>link
pentru
documentul

de unde am extras informatia

Farmers’
Market
Defined
There
are
many
conceptualizations
of
what
constitutes
a

farmers’
market.
For
our
purposes,
Allison
Brown’s
defi
nition
is
particularly
useful:
“Farmers’

markets
are
generally
considered
to
be
recurrent
markets
at
fi
xed
locations
where
farm

products
are
sold
by
farmers
themselves”
(2001,
658).
Today,
farmers’
markets
also
sell

value-
added
products
and
food
items.
Some
of
these
markets
are
much
more
than
outlets

for
produce;
they
function
as
restaurants
and
grocery
stores.
Refl
ecting
the
seasonality
and

distinctiveness
of
the
regional
landscape
and
climate,
farmers’
markets
are
inherently

ephemeral
in
time
and
place.
Most
markets
evolve
over
time
as
the
number
of
vendors
and

products
shrink
and
expand
with
the
seasons.
These
temporal
aspects
exemplify
what

Seamon
called
“place
ballet”—an
ever-
changing
event
in
which
the
market
is
transformed

into
a
convivial
space
(Seamon
and
Nordin
1980).
Accordingly,
a
farmers’
market
is
both
a

place
of
economic
exchange
and
a
socially
transactive
place
where
people
interact
to
varying

degrees and formulate meanings for themselves and as a group.

We
consider
farmers’
markets
as
public
spaces
when
the
market
is
operating
in
a

designed,
open,
accessible,
and
non-
vehicular
space
where
people
come
to
buy
locally
or

regionally
produced
goods
and
engage
in
community
life
on
a
regular
basis.
Examples

include
markets
located
in
parks,
plazas,
and
promenades
where
permanent
features
create

a
hospitable
environment
during
market
times
and
serve
as
multiple-
use
facilities
during

non-
market
periods.
These
spaces
might
contain
shade
trees,
protective
structures,
an

assortment
of
seating
arrangements,
and
play
space
for
children
(Figure
3).
Markets

designed
and
operating
in
parks
and
along
promenades,
in
plazas,
and
under
pavilions
serve

as
the
subject
for
our
detailed
issue-
based
case
study
on
the
meaning
and
design
of

farmers’ markets in public space.

Farmers’
markets
located
within
parks,
along
pedestrian
promenades,
and
in
plazas

frequently
result
from
careful
planning
and
design
(Corum,
Rosenzweig,
and
Gobson
2001).

Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru

Interventii de crestere a calitatii vietii la nivel urban prin

intermediul modelelor de alimentatie publica

12

Increasingly,
landscape
architects
and
other
design
professionals
are
designing
these

facilities
and
integrating
them
into
the
greater
public
realm.
This
study
seeks
to
understand

how
best
to
plan
and
design
farmers’
market
as
lasting
public
spaces.
It
focuses
on
the

explicit design of farmers’ markets in parks, pavilions, and plazas.

Within
these
market
settings,
this
article
explores
the
spatial
qualities
that
make

farmers’
markets
signifi
–
cant
and
enduring
public
spaces.
We
examine
markets
as
places
of

social
interaction
that
foster
a
community
of
diverse
people
and
explore
the
larger
role
of

markets
as
mixed-
life
places
(Francis
2011).
Mixed-
life
spaces
are
those
settings,
designed

or
natural,
that
support
a
diversity
of
people,
experiences,
and
meanings.
They
are
public

spaces
where
a
variety
of
people
feel
safe
and
comfortable
“hanging
out”
and
are
the

hallmark
of
good
and
healthy
urbanism.
We
explore
the
social
ecology
and
meaning
of

farmers’
markets
as
designed
in
the
context
of
the
park,
the
pavilion,
and
the
plaza.
In
these

settings,
we
identify
four
market
realms
to
organize
the
constitutive
parts
of
farmers’
markets

and
explore
the
landscape
features
and
spatial
patterns
that
inform
each
market.
Using
an

issue-
based
case
study
method,
we
attempt
to
answer
the
question
of
how
best
to
organize

design
features
and
spatial
patterns
of
farmers’
markets
in
public
space
and
contribute
to
the

structuring of a socially interactive and meaningful space.

Studies
conducted
by
environmental
psychologists
and
agro-
economists
have

documented
the
social,
economic,
and
environmental
benefi
ts
of
farmers’
market
(Hinrichs,

Gillespie,
and
Feenstra
2004;
Sommer
1989;
Sommer,
Herrick,
and
Sommer
1981).
There
is

empirical
evidence
that
markets
have
signifi
cant
economic
benefi
ts
(Feenstra
2007)
and

contribute
directly
to
social
and
environmental
justice
(Fisher
1999).
The
farmers’
market

resurgence
also
exemplifi
es
the
city
landscape
as
space
for
leisure,
relaxation,
and

community
development.
Farmers’
markets
are
recognized
as
important
contributors
to

healthy cities (Franck 2005; Horwitz 2004; Project for Public Spaces 2003a; Sommer 1980).

Markets
today
also
refl
ect
a
demand
and
appetite
for
new
types
of
civic
space

(Shaftoe
2008;
Tangires
2003).
They
offer
opportunities
for
social
interactions
that
are
less

prevalent
in
contemporary
public
space
and
bring
a
diversity
of
people
together
in
public

space.
Markets
serve
as
a
new
setting
for
local
protest,
celebration,
and
personal
and

cultural expression (Low, Taplin, and Scheld 2005).

Four Realms of the Farmers’ Market Landscape

The
integration
of
the
social
meanings
of
farmers’
markets
into
the
built
environment

results
from
a
combination
of
policy,
program,
planning,
design,
and
management.
We

present
here
four
physical
realms
of
the
market
place—the
promenade,
the
working
market,

the
market
landscape,
and
the
market
neighborhood—
as
a
conceptual
framework
to
better

understand
the
ecology
of
farmers’
markets
and
their
larger
landscape.
This
framework
is

also
informed
by
previous
design
experience
with
and
research
on
farmers’
market
by
both

authors.

Frunza Florin Catalin Alexandru

Interventii de crestere a calitatii vietii la nivel urban prin

intermediul modelelor de alimentatie publica

13

The promenade…(dezvolt)

The working market…(dezvolt)

The market landscape…(dezvolt)

The market neighborhood…(dezvolt)

4.2
NORMATIVE VS CERINTE

4.3
DESIGN SI CONFIGURARE SPATIALA

4.3.1
STUDII DE CAZ

4.4
CONCLUZII

5.
METODOLOGIE

6.
CONCLUZII

Concluziile
se
vor
realiza
pe
o
singura
coloană
si
vor
avea
minim
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de
cuvinte.

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Bibliografie