FACULTY OF GEOGRAPHY, TOURISM AND SPORTS PROGRAMUL DE STUDIU: GEOGRAFIA TURISMULUI (IN LIMBA ENGLEZA)/STUDYPROGRAMME: GEOGRAPHY OF TOURISM (IN… [304072]
UNIVERSITATEA DIN ORADEA/[anonimizat]/
[anonimizat]: GEOGRAFIA TURISMULUI (IN LIMBA ENGLEZA)/STUDYPROGRAMME: GEOGRAPHY OF TOURISM (IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE)
FORMA DE ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNT: CU FRECVENȚĂ/FULL TIME EDUCATION
Lucrare de licență/
Bachelor of Arts’ Thesis
Coordonatorștiințific/Academic Coordinator(s)
Lect. Univ. Dr. Corina Tătar
Absolvent /Graduate student: [anonimizat]
2017
UNIVERSITATEA DIN ORADEA/[anonimizat]/
[anonimizat]: GEOGRAFIA TURISMULUI (IN LIMBA ENGLEZA)/STUDY PROGRAMME: GEOGRAPHY OF TOURISM (IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE)
FORMA DE ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNT: CU FRECVENȚĂ/FULL TIME EDUCATION
Bratca as a sustainable tourist destination
Coordonatorștiințific/Academic Coordinator(s)
Lect. Univ. Dr. Corina Tătar
Absolvent/Graduate student: [anonimizat]
2017
Content Pages
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………… 6
Methodology .…………………………………………………………………………7
Literature Review……………………….…………………………………………… 8
Natural resources …………………………..…………………………………………9
Relief……………………………………………………………………………… 9
Hill of Bratca…………………….…………………..…………………… 9
Crisului Repede Meadow Relief…………………………………………11
Limestone relief…………………………………………………………..11
Climate……………………………………………………………………………12
Hydrography………………………………………………………………………13
Eastern part of Crișul Repede……………………………………………14
Western side of Crișul Repede……………………..……………………15
Flora and Fauna………………………………………………………..…………16
Flora………………………………………………………………………16
Fauna…………………………………………………………..…………16
Man-made resources………………………………………………….………………17
5.1 Religious edifficions…………………………………..…………….……………17
5.1.1. Wood Church from Beznea………………………………………………..17
5.1.2. Wood Church from Valea Crișului…………………………………………………….18
5.1.3. Other church from Bratca commune ……………….………..……………18
5.2 Cultural historical sites……………………………………………………..……..19
5.2.1 Unknown solider’s tomb……………………………………………………19
5.2.2.The Martyr’s monument…………………………….…………………..…..19
5.2.3. Herous monument of Beznea ………………….…………..………………20
5.3 Folk resources…………………………………………………………………..…21
5.3.1 Folk costume……………………………………………..……..…….……21
5.3.1.1 The women peasent folk…………………………..…….………………21
5.3.1.2. The men peasent folk……………………………………………………23
5.3.1.3. Children clothing………………………………….…….……….………24
5.4 Holiday habits……………………………………………………………….……24
5.4.1 Star……………………………………………….……….….……………..24
5.4.2. Viflaiem…….………………………………………………..………………24
5.4.3. Christmas Tree……………………………………………..…..………….24
5.4.4. Capra…………………………………………………………..…….…….24
5.4.5. Cucumbers…………………………………………………………………25
5.4.6.Țuraleisa……………………………………………………………………….25
5.4.7.Other holidays over the year…………………………………………….…..25
6.Touristic infrastructure…………………………………………………………………26
6.1.Accomodation units………………………………………………………………26
6.2.Restaurant facilities………………………………………………………………26
6.3.Entertainment facilities………………………………….……..…………………26
7.Touristic flow………………………………………………………..…………………28
8.Inhabitants………………………………………………………………………………29
8.1.Inhabitants in Brata comune …………………………….…………….…………29
8.1.1.Inhabitants in Bratca village…………..……………………….……………30
8.1.2 Inhabitants in Damiș village……………………………………..…………30
8.1.3. Inhabitants in Beznea village………………………………….……………31
8.1.4. Inhabitants in Lorău village…………………………………………………31
8.1.5. Inhabitants in Ponoară village…………………..…………………………32
8.1.6. Inhabitants in Valea Crișului village………………………………………32
8.2.Population structure by age and gender……………………..……………………33
9.Tourist destination plan…………………………………………………………………34
9.1.Plan of tourism……………………………………………….……………………34
9.1.1.Actual tourism………………………………………………………………34
9.1.2.Proposed tourism types..……………………………………………………35
9.1.3.Improvements for tourism……..……………………………………………36
9.2. Tourist destination plan plus motivation…………………………….…………36
9.2.1. Tourist destination plan for Beznea…………………….…………………37
9.2.2. Tourist destination plan for Bratca…………………………………………39
9.2.3. Tourist destination plan for Damiș…………………………………………40
9.2.4. Tourist destination plan for Lorău…………………………………………40
9.2.5 Tourist destination plan for Valea Crișului…………………………………41
9.2.6. Tourist destination plan for Ponoară………………………………………42
9.3.Promotion plan……………………………………………………………………42
10.SWOT analysis……………………………………………………..…………………43
11.Conclusion……………………………………………………………….……………43
References…………………………………………………………….………………….45
Anexes……………………………………………………………………………………46
1. Introduction
The present study, one on the sustainable development of Bratca commune tourism, addresses a territory known in the geographic literature by its physico-geographical valences. Bratca commune(Fig.1.1.) is located in the Oradea-Bratca depression, being located near the Apuseni Mountains, more precisely next to the Padurea Craiului Mountains and the Vladeasa Mountains and crossed by Crisul Repede along with the Bratcuta Valley and the Valea Boiului. Most of the tourist valences here are not valued, too few are possible to be capitalized. Although it has a wealth of natural, anthropogenic resources, a natural setting ideal for practicing various tourist attractions, it is not very visited by tourists. Analyzing Bratca from several points of view, I decided to draw up a development proposal for this commune, not only being natural attractions, the environment and natural resources, but also the possible anthropic tourist attractions that could completely change the fate of this commune.
The work has the appearance of a scientific research with an exact analysis of the region, so it will start to present the natural frame of the Bratca commune with its natural resources and its components being quite diversified. After that, the following two chapters capture the natural resources, including religious edifices, historical cultural edifices and entofolcloric resources, and the second chapter is represented by the tourist infrastructure, which is not a very developed one.
The tourist flow is the following chapter, where we can see the evolution of the tourists in Bratca, after which will be surprised in detail The model of sustainable tourism development proposed by me, it from my point of view is quite well realized and attains all the requirements that are imposed.
Then I surprised a SWOT analysis of what is going to be a sustainable development plan, and then we conclude with the conclusions, and the bibliography will be attached at the end of the paper.
The citations in the text were used by literary sources, reference works in the field, thus being used over 25 entries to the bibliographic reference section.
Fig.1.1. Bratca source:made by me in ArcMap from topographic map from DTM
2. Methodology
The work was developed over a period of several months. After field research and picking up information from the bratshop in Bratca I began to write the paper. On the course of the work there were visits to the Bratca City Hall and library for obtaining various information, and there were also visits to Bratca for photos.
Most of the information was taken from specialized books.
The charts were made by me following the gathering of the information on the profile sites.
The maps were made by me in the ArcGis program, based on a topographic map and a DEM, the map holders being from SRTM4 and DTM.
During the work I tried to have a chronological line, a pertinence of the ideas accompanied by arguments and photographs or maps where appropriate.
All the information has been gathered within 2 months, and for almost a month I have been working on bringing it up to date. The ideas belong to me, for a long time I was thinking about the touristic arrangement of Bratca commune.
Literature review
Like any tourist region in the world, Bratca is a region about which a lot of people said many interesting things. One of them is where in a special study by Radu Paraschivescu in an article in”Cautatorii de Comori” to get to Bratca "to get there, coming down the hill to Cluj. You must pass Alesd and at some point to turn right on a first acceptable and then discouraging way. The weather is shooting at xerox after yesterday
Up to two-and-a-half, insolent and unmoving. Tree leaves are on strike. Nothing is done. Even breathing seems a risky enterprise”.(Paraschivescu,p238)
For the realization of the work, ideas were taken both from Novac 2006 and from specialized books read during high school. The cartographic material was entirely made by me, as well as the tables and graphs, based on real information.
Natural resources
Relief in Bratca
The altitude limits of the village of Bratca incarnate the settlement in a piedmont area: the level of Crisului Repede is 308m and the highest elevation does not exceed 1300 meters. (Fig.4.1.1.)
Fig.4.1.1. Map with relief in Bratca source: made by me in ArcMap from topographic map from DTM
4.1.1. Hills of the village Bratca
“The tip of Tiple is located at 470m altitude, with the end of a hill that starts from Poiana in the south-eastern direction with a steep slope that descends to the left bank of Crisul Repede in the village of Lorau” (Groze, 2009, p15). Hill Mityoc 480m connects to the tip of Tiple by its way to the south, it is covered by forest vegetation, flanked and passes towards there being agricultural land. On the same directions there is tip Iertasu, represented by an elongated ridge that makes its entrance into the Poana village and on which the Bojoaie Bulls and the Taurus of the Hartoapes are located – places filled with pepper. Hill Lupului and Lupoii – 680m is located in Poiana. The slope from the Bratcuța Valley is afforested, and on the crest in the form of a plateau there are agricultural lands and pastures.Hill Pancului 381m(Fig.4.1.1.1.) is a grazing area in the northwestern part of the village.
Fig.4.1.1.1. View over the Pancului Hill source: Groze, 2009
At the Par 770m near Sancuta is a rather stony area with poor vegetation.Tip Horn covered with a nice platy plateau in the hamlet of the Sectura. Nearby are households of sacrillators. Hill Taclu 475m, north-forested and very steep slope down to the Valley of Bratcuța. Hill Buboii as well as Taclu Hill descend to the Valley of Bratcuța. Hill Miculesti extends to the village of Beznea, the older locals remembering a birch and oak forest in this place where the toponymous goron. The Nemeșilor Hill has another 405 m is mostly agricultural land and grazing areas. It is bordered by Parva Tava and Negruții valley the southern side and descending to the bank of Crișul Repede(Groze, 2009, pp15-16). Hill Miculești extends to the village of Beznea, the older locals remembering a birch and oak forest in this place where the toponymous goron.
Most of the hills of Bratca village are dominated by extensive grasslands, which are either agricultural cropland or grazing grounds. In general, all of these spaces are inhabited.
The northeastern part is a subunit of the Vad-Borod depression, the low-rise plateau, where the predominant are the tall, quite monotonous culminations, the hills on which the village spreads with the households and the agricultural lands.
4.1.2. Crisului Repede Meadow.
On the territory of the commune, the villages of Lorau and Bratca, the Cris river is marked by the meadow areas in bilateral and monolateral constitution. Downstream from the mouth of the Hell Valley in Crisul We meet a rather narrow bed, but as the river goes up to Bratca, the two slopes move away, making places in the meadow. The left shore accompanies a meadow with sandy soil and poor arboreal vegetation. The place is called "On the Meadow". It's an inhabited area. Next we meet a bilateral meadow that reaches the maximum width in the "Lower field" and extends until the point where Crisul horses leave the village Bratca. (Groze, 2009)
Limestone Relief
Geographical are Bratca has a significant number of limestone forms. Some of them are:
Limestone with water from Tipleoaia, with a length about 35 m at an altitude of 380 m on the left side of Crisului Repede. The cave is well lighted nearby, with a grotto.
Dele Sferli Cave situate in Tipleoaia hamlet near Water Cave, but with a lower dimension like this cave.
Caves from Valea Brătcuței are nature creations, Creating a bright, varied, attractive landscape with its charm and beauty.
Here we can also find the Cave of the Bratcani, Cave of Valea Boiului, Cave of Sancuta in Bratca Poiana, Mitri Valley Cave and Damis-Ponoras carstic Plateau.(Fig.4.1.3.1.)
Fig.4.1.3.1. Damis Carstic Plateau source: (geobihor,2009)
4.2. Climate
Climate is the statistics of weather, usually over a 30-year interval. It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological variables in a given region over long periods of time. Knowledge of the climate elements of a region is necessary because the climate favors or not human activities which follow agriculture, turism or health status of inhabitans. The moderate continental climate is under the influence of western, more humid and cool air masses. (Romania pe ape limpezi. Regio. Initiativa locala. Dezvoltare Regionala)
For Bratca valoric movement of climatic elements is determinated by air masses movement from Vad-Borod Depression, Crisul Repede gorge and existence of accumulation lake Lesu situated in Remeti. There are another factors which deregulates the climate: pollution, deforestation or possible nuclear experience.
The air temperature does not show great varations, annual average being 9*C. In cold season average is under 0*C, an accentuated growth in spring, average value raised in warm season follow by a sudden drop to autumn. Month with heighest termic value is july, annual average being 18.7*C. The direction of dominant winds is from south-west to north-est. First frozen is produced in first decade of November and last day of frozen can be in may. (Groze, 2009)
4.3. Hydrography
From hydrographic point of view(Fig.4.3.1.) Bratca territory is dominated by Crisul Repede which accumulate water of those three hydrographic basins: Beznii, Bratcutei and Boiului valley.
Fig.4.3.1. Map with hydrography in Bratca commune source : made by me in ArcMap from topographic map from DTM
“Crișul Repede is a river which springs in north-east of Apuseni Montains(Gilău Mountains), crossing Vad-Borod depression, Western Hills, Wester Plain, crosses Huedin, Ciucea, Aleșd, Oradea and country Cluj and Bihor”, crossing and village Bratca. In Bratca, Crișul Repede(Fig.4.3.2.) is biggest water course which cross commune Bratca sarted from the confluence with Iadului valley.
Fig.4.3.2. Crișul Repede
4.3.1. The eastern part of Crișul Repede
The eastern cliffs of the Crișului Repede valley are the Paltin Valley, located in small Lorau, have a low flow except for the period of rains when they are dangerous for the nearby households. Valea Boiului springs from the village of Ponoara and crosses 14 km until it flows into Crișul Repede. Its structure has created marmite and waterfalls, crossed a meadow area, and then has a wooded trail with an accentuated slope of the bed.
Bratcutei Valley(Fig.4.3.1.1.) spring under Dealul Măgura Dosului, Pădurea Craiului mountains and Damiș. Sometimes the bottom of the bed is covered with giant boulders, in contrast to quiet sandy beaches and small gravel. (Novac,2006)
Fig.4.3.1.1. Bratcutei valley source: sent from George Caba
4.3.2. The western side of Crișul Repede
The right tributaries of Crișul Repede are Negruții valley Beznii Valley. Negrutii valley has its spring in Valea Crisului village and has a length of 5.5 km, Parva Tava has a length of about 4 km, and the upper course is favorable for the game. Beznii valley is the longest right-wing alfalfa with a length of 9km, springs from Piatra Craiului Hill, has permanent water and crosses the village of Beznea and a small remote village Bratca. It has many tributaries both left and right. So we can say that Bratca is well represented in terms of hydrographic density.(Novac,2006)
The Little Fountain, the Pancului Fountain, the Fountain of the Cold, the La Cioroi Spring and the travertine burst.
4.4. Flora and fauna
4.4.1.Flora
Due to the great diversity of the relief here, the biotope is complex and characteristic of both the dimensions of a specific ecosystem of altitude and of the anthropic one. The vegetation specific to the south-western part is representative for the beech floor with contiguous elongation at Daica, Rujet on the upper course of the Bratcuței Valley. The herbaceous layer is dominated by the dog's milk (euphorbia) and on the meadows we find the festuca pratensis, in the wet places the rump (Scirpus lacustris) (Groze,2009)
The beech floor, specific to the southwest, includes ash, hornbeam and sky (Cerries quereus). The most common shrubs are the hazelnut, the horn and the hawthorn.
On the hill of Mityoc Hill there is a liziera of horns whose yellow flowers adorn the early spring. At over 800m height, elements specific to the mountain range are infiltrated: fir, maple,pine and spruce. “On the lower floor, especially after deforestation, blackberries, berries and blueberries appear. On the banks of the Bratcuța valley are spread the shock shadows with the white fan of the fragrant flowers. It is also missing from the wind or pediculus on the right slope that goes up to Poieni”(Groze,2009,P.23).
As a medicinal herb we meet Pulmonaria officinalis that is good for the cold, tea is made of it, containing nectar in the corolla and the flowers are differently colored.
Here we can also see the roses and the springfolds that cover as a carpet the meadows in the forests and the paths. (Groze, 2009)
4.4.2. Fauna
These large forests of Bratcai do not lack the large, precious fur animals and their flesh. Here we see the wild boar, the goat, the rabbit, but also the fox, the squirrel, the wolf and the bear, even though they sometimes appear, are not specific to this place. "On the Tyvadar Pit, near a cave on the river Nuki, the wealthy left of the Valley of the Bratcu, was seen the stone jug" (inf. Tripon Teodor a Tarli, 65 ani, 06.01.2007) (Groze,2009, P. 25)
The fauna of ses is represented by locusts, moths, crickets, ants, Colorado candy. On the cultivated surfaces we find rats and mice, and as birds we meet the pear, hammer, quail and in the season a few storks. Both Crisul Repede and Bratcuței Valley and Beznii Valley are different species of fish: marsh, trout, lip, sleep, clean, cobbler.
5. Man-made resources
5.1. Religious edifices
5.1.1. Church Sfantii Arhangheli Mihail si Gavril(Fig.5.1.1.1.) from Beznea was built in 1723 on the hill of the church. “Since 1965, the Tower has a height of over 10 m, leaning on a succession of arcades. Symbols on the church doors are made in a watermark.The priest of Nicolae Berea said in a manuscris as the Monastery Church has the hram '' Botezul Domnului '' “(Groze,2009, p 289)
Fig.5.1.1.1. Wood Church in Beznea source: Biserica Lemn Beznea
5.1.2. Church Bunavestire a Fecioarei Maria from Valea Crișului
Church Bunavestire a Fecioarei Maria from Valea Crișului was built in 1761. Prior to its construction in the village of Valea Neagra, there was a much smaller church “of wool and covered with planks with carved wooden beech, on a territory donated by the Botoc family near a muddy lake (din insemnarile lui Buturi Simion) ”(Fig.5.1.2.1.) (Groze, 2009, p289)
Fig.5.1.2.1. Wood Church from Valea Crișului source: Biserica Lemn Valea Crisului
5.1.3. There are other churchs from Bratca commune in the following villages:
Beznea : Orthodox Church, Pentecostal Church, Catholic Church
Bratca: Orthodox Church and Catholic Church.
Damiș: Pentecostal Church
Valea Crișului: Baptist Church and Orthodox church
Lorău: Orthodox Church
Ponoară: Orthodox Church
5.2. Cultural historical sites
5.2.1. The unknown soldier’s tomb
“After the end of the last war, two of the villagers, Bila Ion of the Greek and Pascalau Traian, found in Paraul Magurii the slim body of a soldier. Some time ago they found out that it was called Mot Ion Tanase being in place from Vașcăului meadow. The bodies of the body were under this monument, being cared for by the students of the school in Damiș. ” (Groze, 2009, P 290)
5.2.2. The martyr's monument
This symbol(Fig.5.2.2.1.) is in the village of Damiș and was erected in honor of the 11 locals shot by the horticultural army in September 1944. It was erected on July 4, 1996 with the help of General Lazăr Carjan by the idea of the historian Viorel Faur from Oradea. (Groze, 2009)
Fig.5.2.2.1. The martyr's monument source: sent from Marina Novac
5.2.3. Heroes Monument from Beznea
This construction(Fig.5.2.3.1.) was built in 1983 and was worshiped by deceased villagers during the two World Wars. Since 2005 the building is marble-plated being located in the central area of the village close to the Greco-Catholic church. The inscription: "In eternity, glory and chosen honor of heroes"
Fig.5.2.3.1. Heroes Monument from Beznea source: sent from Marușca Adrian
5.3. Folk resources
5.3.1. Folk costume
Folk costume is a specific element of a region that is now part of a historical element of the place . ‘’About the shirt wearing men and women until the middle of the nineteenth century on the territory of Romania is said to reproduce the Dacian crown of this piece of clothing.”(Groze, 2009, p 251.)
5.3.1.1. The women peasant folk
Chișchineu, batik and dufla are women's clothing used for head wrapping. They had different floral elements, different sizes, they could be worn or bought. In general, the batik was worn by women at Sunday's services.
Spăcel is made of white canvas or canvas. It's an old porthole that ends in the back with an embroidery-colored cord. The stitch was made by hand using the stitch pattern.
The collar was very narrow or expanded. The ornament pattern is '' with cruel feathers ''. Shirt(bluzul)(Fig.5.3.1.1.1.)-is from white to open all the way – early in the 20th century. The collar is started round then it will be sharpened. – The embroidery is made of floral spaces of more visible permanent size.
Fig.5.3.1.1.1. Bluz (Groze, 2009)
Foot(poalele)- '' are the second most important piece of clothing in the costume of the countryside ''(Groze, 2009, p257). They were stuffed from the lap to the stomach because they kept well.
From the 1920s the foots begin to be embellished with all sorts of floral elements with a pleasant impact on the eye of the viewer.
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Zadia – other clothing worn by women both at work and at holidays. They were worn white, black, of floral material. It was woven to war and painted with household paints from different plants.
It was simple and created.
-just was right and wearing it daily
-the created was black and was celebrating.
Sandals(opinca)-was lighter and more cared for than men. The beginning was made of leather and then rubber.
Sheepskin(Fig.5.3.1.1.2.)-is a clothing for short-cut and 36-38 centimeters long sessions with no sleeves open in front.
Fig.5.3.1.1.2. Sheepskin source: Groze, 2009
5.3.1.2. The men peasant folk
Shirt- had long, very long sleeves, well creased to the shoulder. Pundar was sometimes simple, but thin in rhombic motifs, triangles, triangles or stylized clover. From the narrow, embroidered neck collar, the neck collar is reached. Most of the time the chimera was missing, the shirt's mouth was deep enough, the opening reaching up to one palm and half collar.
The ways of the lana-or the weddings wore the chosen autumn and were made of the sultan made in the house. The supportive way was a bracinarpe passed through a bend that formed the pants bar. In front of both sides there were two horizontal cuts that depicted their pockets. Sometimes, on the outer stitch of the trousers was a bold figure of a colored figure like a long trouser, a kind of vipusca.
Suman-is an important piece of men's peasant harbor. Through the crown line the ornamentation also has a special aesthetic value. In the Bratca area these sumans used natural wool that was dyed and light. This type of suman exceeded the length of the hips about a palm. The simple suman – the wool port is devoid of ornaments, has a collar with a faser, a row of buttons and the two horizontally cut pockets have flaps. (Groze, 2009) Suman with postav – resembles the simple human, but the edges of the pulpas are edged with green figures, in the back there is a decorated waist in the back with two buttons. Also the front part includes some vertical applications from the characters, very narrow. The back was embellished with ornaments of the same material, having three decorative elements in the form of some of the used ones, the vaulted doors at the top. The lower part of the sleeve was also embellished with a sleeve-shaped cuff with a character. (Groze, 2009)
The boots were black, made of leather, with a strong turret, becoming a shoe for both celebrations and events. With the passage of time these boots are going to take the place of the opinion. Housewives wishing to learn to make wool stockings that will replace the usual. Clomp was the hat that was being worn throughout the year. The hair was short cut and hidden by the hat, compared to another period when the hair was left in her hair. (Groze, 2009). Cusma was a hat made of fur by the size of the client's head. In general, leather or lamb wool was used. The duck wearing at Bratca was long and conical (Groze, 2009).
5.3.1.3.Children clothing
During the summer the children walked barefoot, no matter what the weather was, whether rain or drought, that until 1930-1940. Clothes specific to this period for children aged 1-10 years old was long linen shirt, underneath something bored. The girls' shirts had geometric patterns to the waist, and the skirt was bordered by cuts in the canvas, while the shirts of the boys were not ornamented but very little. Little boys were wearing long and wide boots(Groze, 2009).
5.4. Holiday habits
5.4.1. Walking with Star which is a habit near the Birth of the Lord, highlighted on December 24, represented by children who before two months are formed in groups to depict certain persons and to achieve this scenario, the characters are: Heroes , Gashpar, Voltezar, Melchior.
5.4.2. Viflaiem, which is another custom in the vicinity of Christmas made up of children aged 12 and over who go on Christmas Eve,
5.4.3. The Christmas tree, which has recently appeared on Dec. 23, is to decorate a fir tree, which is the Christmas tree to be kept in each of the houses of duo Epiphany, the fir tree is adorned with garlands, objects purchased from commerce, Newer and with candy specially made for putting them on branches of fir.
5.4.4. The”Capra” is a habit that appeared in this area around 1950-1951, is represented by two children depicting the goat and another showing the doctor. The text of “Capra” is short and is recited:
“Aho, aho, Vasile Sfântu,
Mi-o furat căciula vântu,
Și mi-o dus-o-ndepărtare
Pân la casa dumitale.
Ș-am venit după căciulă,
Să vă spun și-o urătură,
Capra mea-i de la Sibiu
De trei luni tot cu ea viu.
Ș-am ajuns și la Bratca
Unde încep a colinda.
Capra mea-o mâncat mălai prăjit
Tăt pă jos s-o tăvălit.
E coată, măi, doctore
Ce-i cu capra asta?
Doctoru:
Capra asta nu-i bolnavă
(În acest timp îi face o consultație caprei)
Pă capra asta n-o dor dinții
Leacu pentru capra ta
Este numai muzica
Muzica ș-acordeonu
Să-i treacă la capră somnul.”
(inf. Bonca Dănuț Florin, 12 ani, 2001)
(Groze, 2009, P 248)
5.4.5. Walking after cows or cucumbers
5.4.6. Țuraleisa
5.4.7. Other holidays over the year:
A). Epiphany or Lord's Baptism – January 6
B). St. 40 Martyrs or Svestania – March 9
C). Zua Cucului or Bunavestire – March 25th
D). Sânjorju or the Holy Martyr Gheorghe – April 23
E). Horses' Passover or Ascension
F). The Holy High Emperors Constantine and Helen – May 21st
G). Sânzienele or Nativity of St. John the Baptist – June 24
H). St. Elijah – July 20th
I). High Sobel or Assumption – August 15
J). Cross Day – September 14
K). Simedriu or St. Dumitru – October 26
L). Sântoader
(Groze, 2009, Pp 149-150)
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Touristic infrastructure
6.1. Accommodation units.
Number of accommodation units in Bratca is 3: 2 hostels and a camp. In 1991 the first camp for students was created. Since 2012 the first agrotouristic boarding house was created in the area, and the second one was created in 2016. (Fig. 6.1.1.)
6.2. Restauration facilites
Bratca has just on of restauration facilities. (Fig. 6.2.1)
6.3. Entertainment facilities
Numer of entertainment facilities in Bratca commune is 2.
Fig.6.1.1. Dolina Pension source: google
Fig.6.2.1. Hanul Bratcutei Pension Source: internet
Touristic flow
Fig.7.1. Touristic flow from 2004-2016 Source: Own development based on data from INS
From this diagram we can see that after the agrotourism units have been opened the number of tourists has increased significantly compared to the number of tourists before opening.
8. Inhabitants
The situation of the inhabitants both in the Bratca commune and in the villages in Bratca from 1869 to the present.
8.1. Bratca commune
Fig.8.1.1. Inhabitants in Bratca Commune
As can be seen in Fig.8.1.1. with a chart of the number of inhabitants in the commune of Bratca, the highest value was registered in 1910, 8316 inhabitants, since then the number of inhabitants will decrease for years that passed for various reasons
8.1.1. Bratca village
Fig.8.1.1.1. Inhabitants in Bratca village
The apparition of the number of inhabitants in the village of Bratca was in 1941 with 1786 inhabitants since then the number is slightly decreasing.
8.1.2. Damiș
Fig.8.1.2.1. Inhabitants in Damiș village
1208 was the maximum number of inhabitants in 1930 since no dropped and then rose in 1992-883number will then be again continue declining.
8.1.3. Beznea-Delureni
Fig.8.1.3.1. Evolution number of inhabitants 1869-2002 in Beznea
(Fig.8.1.3.1.) shows an overview of the residents in the dark, which in 1880 had the lowest value 1377 inhabitants, then increasing in 1941-2135 inhabitants, and following that every census value to be waning.
8.1.4. Lorău
Fig.8.1.4.1. Inhabitants in Lorău village
Lorău had two high number of inhabitants, in 1890 when he had 2872 inhabitants and 1910 when he had 3143 inhabitants, since the 1930s when the number of inhabitants has dropped drastically, this is constantly decreasing.
8.1.5. Ponoară
Fig.8.1.5.1. Inhabitants in Ponoară village
The maximum number of inhabitants in Ponoare was 1320 in 1910, since then the number of inhabitants was decreasing from the census to the census.
8.1.6. Valea Crișului
Fig.8.1.6.1. Inhabitants in Valea Crișului village
1930 was the year with the most inhabitants in Crisul Valley, meaning 736 inhabitants, since then their number is decreasing.
8.2. Population structure by age and gender in 2016
Fig.8.2.1. Population structure by age and gender source: made by me from data from www.insse.ro
(Fig.8.2.1.) illustrates population structure by age and gender in 2016. One can not necessarily speak of a majority of the population in terms of age because it is in some balance, but it can easily be observed that the female part dominates the common.
Tourism development plan
As a result of the analysis of the number of inhabitants of Bratca villages, the number of people representing the beginners in the field of work being somewhat equivalent to that of older people, my opinion is that one of their only chances of having a stable job is To become their own entrepreneurs. The labor market is not very diversified being a mountain region, from my point of view tourism would be a "good" for them. Further, the number of inhabitants is continuously decreasing due to lack of jobs, insufficiently developed infrastructure, low economic level, low wages, lack of free time for young people, except for agricultural work.
9.1. Plan of tourism
Having access to this statistical data about the population of Bratca commune, we can say that it experienced during the period population fluctuations, with a period when their number was raised and when the number of inhabitants was low. For this region, the only chance of survival would be tourism and more involvement of local authorities to promote what they have there. This region has a high tourist potential, with many appealing reliefs in it. Besides the numerous karst structures that are here and the unique landscapes in the world, the tourist potential is quite high. (Fig.9.1.1.)
9.1.1. Actual tourism
Many types of tourism can be practiced, including:
Adventure tourism – tourism in hard-to-reach places or adventure sports such as climbing and pedestrian tourism.
Agrotourism – farm tourism that supports local agriculture, and there are two agro-touristic hostels.
Curative tourism – leaving cities to relieve stress, relax in the sun, etc. Often for the purpose of visiting curative baths.
Hobby-tourism – individual or group tourism, to meet people with similar interests in order to feel something related to hobby. Examples are botanical excursions, simultaneous radio communications between amateurs, dances in markets. Tourism for people with disabilities or disabled people. In some regions, it is sometimes called "tourism for all".
Fig.9.1.1.Touristic objective source: :made by me in ArcMap from topographic map from DTM
Sport tourism – alpine skiing, golf and diving are the most popular means of spending the holiday.
9.1.2. Proposed tourism types
Tourists can practice only a few types of tourism, and I have come up with the suggestion that here to develop the following types of tourism:
Cultural Tourism – Visit interesting places in Bratca, This type of tourism can also include a variety of special cultural events, such as museum tourism, when tourists visit many museums.
Educational tourism – Visiting institutions to gain knowledge of interests, such as cooking courses run by famous chefs or classes for hand work.
Medical tourism – more modern treatment not available in their country; or When it is necessary to stay a long way to receive medical services, or to use the free or cheap services offered by medical organizations
Extreme tourism – tourism associated with higher risk. Se incadreaza in escaladarile ce se pot realize pe pantele din Defileul Crisului Repede.
9.1.3.Improvements for tourism
I consider that some types of tourism that can be practiced are not very well developed, so I propose to develop the following:
Adventure tourism will be improved by diversifying ways of doing it: developing the current one at a much higher level, creating new tourist routes, new opportunities, new tourist attractions at different strategic locations located for the exploration of as many tourists as possible. Apuseni National Park and implicit of the Vladeasa Mountains.
Agrotourism will also be improved by developing its practice from 2 agro-tourist units to a village that will specialize in agritourism, which will suffer from agro-tourism hostels each, specific to another agricultural, viticultural or fruit-growing practice.
9.2.Tourism development plan plus motivation
Each village is developed in such a way as to meet the necessary conditions for the development plan(Fig.9.2.1.). Beznea being the first village to the Bratca region in the direction of Cluj-Oradea has as its first tourist destination the Wooden Church. The next development plan for the Bratca commune will be divided:
Fig. 9.2.1. Torism development plan source :made by me in ArcMap from topographic map from DTM
9.2.1. Tourist destination plan for Beznea
Beznea – Each village is developed in such a way as to meet the conditions necessary for the development plan. Beznea being the first village to the Bratca region in the direction of Cluj-Oradea has as its first tourist destination the Wooden Church. Then the house of proverbs on the net. Another point of tourist attraction in Beznea is the "Proverbs House", where "children – and not only – can find out details about some less known activities: preserving cheese in a bucket, getting butter from the cream, baking bread in the oven, making horseshoes for Horses or donkeys, the route of hemp to become a warp carpet, the "clothes washing machine" technique, the sewing art and the "multifunctional living room" of an ordinary family in contrast to that of a wealthy family, from Past times.” (CasaProverbelor)
I chose to develop Beznea because is the first village in the commune, the tourists when they are at the beginning of itinerary want to find information about the place, I want to attract their attention a certain thing (Wooden Church, Casa Proverbelor(Fig.9.2.1.1.) and Obelisk dedicated to heroes). After that, the Casa Proverbelor can stop eating to follow their course.
Fig.9.2.1.1. (source:www.casaproverbelor.)
9.2.2. Tourist destination plan for Bratca
As an indicator of the increase in the number of tourists in the last years in the accommodation units represented by the Bratca units, Bratca will have two other accommodation units, each including all facilities and services equivalent to 3 * accommodation units.
The brat will always have open arms for organizing events, some organizing others outside the cultural home. The ones in the cultural home are reprints of events near the holidays.
In the direction of Bratca-Suncuius, Crisul Repede serpuies through the area with steep limestone cliffs, where climbing and climbing can be made for the fans of this sport. From Wind Cave you can get directly to Suncuius in about 30-45 minutes from where you can go to other touristic routes with beautiful areas. Also after the Suncuius rafting you can choose a short, very easy but also comforting trail: it can go to the end of Crisul Repede Defile, that is to Vadu Crisului. Thus, the most beautiful area of the whole gorge crosses, which is characterized by high rocky slopes of 100-150m. Until the gorge is crossed, it passes by the Vadu Crisului Falls and the Vadu Crisului Cave and then, to the final destination, the route passes along other objectives such as Cave House Cave and Water Cave.
The day or days spent with accommodation in Bratca will aim to explore the Apuseni National Park from which tourists can choose The following:
Relaxation at the SPA-equipped units
Walking on the Bratcut Valley and Valea Boiului.
Visit to Unguru Mare Cave, Vadu Crisului Cave, Zmeului House Cave, Vama Sari Fair, Cave Wind that is the longest cave in Romania, about 50km
Walking to the Paleontological Reserve at Dinamitiera with Jurassic, Ammon and Belemniti cephalopods
Hiking at Suncuius-fortification "pinned barat" – Simion Hill
Visit to the Paleobotanic Reserve Recea Dealul, plants from the lower limestone in refractory clays.
In addition, in Bratca will be created a new medical center specialized in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and neurological problems through different treatments. Having almost the landscape and the special natural setting, the neurological problems will be easier to treat with the help of natural remedies.
Bratca will be second viilage develop because is the central village of the commune, here are the important institutions, it must have an important word to say in terms of the tourist infrastructure, so here the node where all the tourist routes will pass, no matter what the tourists want Here and visit the village of Bratca. The Bratca will have the most recreational and recreational facilities in the whole commune.
9.2.3. Tourist destination plan for Damiș
For action and adventure as in Indiana Jones movies, Crazy Park offers 7 tree-trails of varying degrees of difficulty, suitable for both children and adults. Trees in trees are ideal opportunities for physical exercise and adrenaline growth. Safety and security are precursor criteria in organizing these activities, so you can leave it to the specialized staff and enjoy the moment.
Damiș will be the location where fishing enthusiasts will be able to meet to catch fish from the specially arranged lakes and more skilled fishermen will be able to fish directly from the valleys or Crișul Repede course.
I proposed Damiș to be the "Entertainment Center" of the Bratca commune, meeting many areas with altutudini over 900m, and a rich forest area. This adventure park will be built in the rich forest of Damiș, predominantly the hardwoods. Besides the karst plateau here, another point of interest will be Crazy Park.
9.2.4. Tourist destination plan for Lorău, in the immediate proximity of Bratca, the tourists accommodated in a place can choose the existing routes in Bratca or will be able to go on their way through the Boiul Waterfall – Valea Boiului(Fig.9.2.4.1.). Those accommodated in Lorău will enjoy more relaxation, not having a very demanding schedule.
Fig.9.2.4.1. Boiului waterfall source: Bihor în imagini
I chose develop Lorău as the old village because from my point of view this village is cleanest in commune, the traditional peasant village, the accommodation being made in rustic units at a high level of development. After these tourists arrive here they will have the opportunity to go on foot, horses or bikes.
9.2.5. Tourist destination plan for Valea Crișului
Gold Horse offers professional services through authorized instructors to help you become a true connoisseur of horseback, horse behavior and methods of care. The horses are housed in optimal conditions – large speakers, carefully cared for and properly fed with the best quality food. Gold Horse offers all the facilities for an optimal horse and riding training – a 2600 sq m outdoor quay with quartz sand . We also offer training opportunities after the darkness in manej covered with an area of 600 sqm, on a quartz sand field.
Valea Crișului is a village represented by the more hilly relief, specific to the hill villages, the altidine being slightly over 262m, or how to reach 700-800m, so it is conducive to creating a horse riding and practicing this wonderful sport.Valea Crișului region is also easily accessible both to horses and to the future riders, those accommodated here will be able to enjoy free riding courses at the price included in the tourist package in Bratca Commune.
9.2.6. Tourist destination plan for Ponoară
Agrotourism is the form of tourism where the person moves, stays and operates in a natural setting in the countryside. Agrotourism in the village of Ponoară will help the owners of the tourist units because it is able to make use of the existing accommodation surplus by involving the tourists in the life of the household and providing them with services and activities (meal, accommodation, interaction with the socio-natural environment). To the peasant household, without its specificity. Once the tourists arrive at the accommodation, they will hardly break out of the area, being of a great view, a loud lure, gives you the impression that you are one with nature, relieves you of all worries and gets rid of everyday stress.
From my point of view, is specific to the village of Ponoară because in its area, the village has lower and higher relief units, being able to practice agriculture, fruit growing and viticulture. Depending on the period of accommodation, tourists will be able to participate To the specific activities of the time they are staying here.
A very important detail is that each village will have a park, for walking and for children, the park in Bratca will be refurbished and will all meet the standards imposed on a developing commune. The transport from one village to another will be done with what the tourists want, having the possibility of traveling between: Bike, horses, ATV, motorcycle or together with the group, all with the same means of transport. From every village tourists will be able to buy local handicraft products. Regarding the walk on the Crisul Repede Gorge, you can also choose the way of traveling: by train, by foot or by canoe (Rafting).
9.3. Promotions plan:
With the aim of creating a favorable image for the new image of Bratca commune, we proposed the following ways of promotion:
Mass-media
Internet
Road signs and advertisements
Advertising materials (brochures, leaflets)
Customers
Participations in street and tourist fairs
Different advertising campaigns.
SWOT analysis
Conclusion
This proposal for sustainable development in Bratca has as a starting point the analysis of the population, the natural and anthropic resources, the tourist objectives and the diversification of the types of tourism that can be practiced here.
Following the analysis of the population in Bratca village and the fact that only by tourism this area with special landscapes and rich natural resources could change the fate of the inhabitants here and not only so, but also to develop a new point with national importance at the national level Being delivered with all the necessities of a perfectly spent outdoor stay in a rustic area.
So with the help of anthropogenic resources and the proposals presented above, we think that Bratca commune can have a sustainable development from the tourist point of view attracting a large number of tourists with the new units of accommodation, entertainment, relaxation, adventure and tourist infrastructure.
The development of every village on a particular type of tourism can have a key role for tourists to choose this place. Of course, every tourist wishes to have as much as possible in their stay or part, and the accommodation to be exemplary. For all this we have found solutions, routes chosen by us or at the choice of tourists, means of transport between communes proposed by us or elected by them. Besides these trails can be crossed both on foot and with horses or bicycles.
Another reason why tourists can choose this area is to clean the route to the natural sights, making it easy to go, asphalting the road where possible, or refitting the paths. Shrubs to the tourist attractions outside Bratca Village will be possible with motocross, bicycle, rafting on the river Crisul Repede or even down the railroad or towards the attraction. There will be accommodation units for those who practice curative tourism, and those who practice medical tourism will benefit from the best medical treatment conditions.
Adventure tourism will be very well developed both for the possibility of practicing climbing in Crisul Repede Defile and exploring Apuseni National Park or going to Crazy Park in Damis. Following the development of this development plan the types of tourism or diversified, and some of the existing ones have developed. This plan aimed both at increasing the number of tourists in Bratca and in trying to help the inhabitants by creating some new jobs, common in need of jobs in their own hearths, most of those working in those villages being forced to Every day to work.
With this proposal, I aimed to increase the lives of these inhabitants in the village. With the increase in the number of tourists, the economic level increases, increasing the economic level and being a flow of tourists, another will be the name of the commune, and with high standard accommodation units, maybe in the future, Bratca will be an important tourist name on Map of Romania because it has a high number of natural objectives, new accommodation and restoration units, developed tourist infrastructure, and finally advertising is one of the level of this development plan.
In conclusion, from my point of view, with this proposal for tourism development of Bratcai, the commune will align with the tourist destinations of the country with a developed tourist potential.
References
Groze Ioan(2009), Bratca. Arheologia unei civilizații rurale, Editura Imprimeria de Vest-Oradea
Novac Ionel(2006), Munții Pădurea Craiului, Editura TIPO MC-Oradea
Paraschivescu Radu, Catalin Stefan, Irina Pacurariu, Vlad Petreanu- Cautatorii de Povesti, Humanitas Bucuresti
Romania pe ape limpezi. Regio. Initiativa locala. Dezvoltare Regionala
www.casaproverbelor.ro
http://www.bihorinimagini.ro/de-vizitat/obiective-naturale/valea-si-cascada-boiului/
https://www.google.ro/search?q=hanul+bratcutei&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjZ9OCa–DUAhUFMhoKHQYNA5YQ_AUIBygC&biw=1280&bih=918#tbm=isch&q=pensiunea+dolina&imgrc=hwANSZvJ2wHLgM:
https://www.google.ro/search?q=hanul+bratcutei&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjZ9OCa–DUAhUFMhoKHQYNA5YQ_AUIBygC&biw=1280&bih=918#imgrc=7fN1drm33_z_zM:
For maps: topographic maps from SRTM4 and DTM editing by me.
For charts data from : INNS
Anexa 1
Cap 7. Touristic flow
Anexa 2
Inhabitants in Bratca commune
8.1. Inhabitants in Bratca village
8.2. Inhabitants in Damiș village
8.3. Inhabitants in Beznea village
8.4. Inhabitants in Lorău village
8.5. Inhabitants in Ponoară village
8.6. Inhabitants in Valea Crișului village
DECLARAȚIE DE AUTENTICITATE A
LUCRĂRII DE FINALIZARE A STUDIILOR
Titlul lucrării ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Autorul lucrării _____________________________________________
Lucrarea de finalizare a studiilor este elaborată în vederea susținerii examenului de finalizare a studiilor organizat de către Facultatea _________________________________________ din cadrul Universității din Oradea, sesiunea_______________________ a anului universitar ______________.
Prin prezenta, subsemnatul (nume, prenume, CNP) _____________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________,
declar pe proprie răspundere că această lucrare a fost scrisă de către mine, fără nici un ajutor neautorizat și că nici o parte a lucrării nu conține aplicații sau studii de caz publicate de alți autori.
Declar, de asemenea, că în lucrare nu există idei, tabele, grafice, hărți sau alte surse folosite fără respectarea legii române și a convențiilor internaționale privind drepturile de autor.
Oradea,
Data Semnătura
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