FACULTY OF GEOGRAPHY, TOURISM AND SPORT STUDY PROGRAM: GEOGRAPHY OF TOURISM FORM OF EDUCATION: FREQUENCY GRADUATION THESIS COORDINATOR LECTOR UNIV…. [303218]

[anonimizat]: GEOGRAPHY OF TOURISM

FORM OF EDUCATION: FREQUENCY

GRADUATION THESIS

COORDINATOR

LECTOR UNIV. DR. [anonimizat]-XENIA

ORADEA

2018

[anonimizat]Ú-BIHAR COUNTY

COORDINATOR

LECTOR UNIV. DR. [anonimizat]-XENIA

ORADEA

2018

Content

Introduction

Balneary tourism is one of the most important form of tourism. [anonimizat], [anonimizat], [anonimizat], what we can’t reach in our daily lifes or in our living place. Balneary tourism gives us the possibility of a [anonimizat], in a [anonimizat], [anonimizat].

Hungary is highly rich in thermal waters which helped to develope a [anonimizat]. You don’t [anonimizat], [anonimizat]. For many hungarian people is a daily routine visiting one of the thermal baths.

Balneary tourism is an important economic factor in Hajdú-[anonimizat] ,,is the Mekka of thermal waters” (Ferenc M., 2015). They took the advantage of this and built 13 baths. All around the county and also the country we can find a lot of thermal baths and spas. The evolution of the Pannonian Basin and the movements of the crusts helped the formation of this phenomenon. The soil of the basin is like a sponge, for this reason there are hundred thermal baths.

In this study I [anonimizat]ú-[anonimizat], [anonimizat], what chemicals and minerals occur in the waters and for which diseases are good and effective. [anonimizat], as for older people as for younger people.

In first row I [anonimizat], [anonimizat]. In second row what does really means balneary tourism for Hungary and Hajdú-Bihar county and I wrote wider about each thermal bath of the county.

Hajdú-Bihar County

Location

Hajdú-Bihar is an administrative county of Hungary(fig.1), [anonimizat]-[anonimizat]. North-[anonimizat]ú-Bihar, Jász-Nagykun- [anonimizat]ár-Bereg. Hajdú Bihar county it’s [anonimizat]. It’s [anonimizat]ár-[anonimizat]új-Zemplén counties, [anonimizat] Békés county and on the eastern part by Romania. The capital city in the county is Debrecen. (Csaba P., 2012)

Fig. 1. Location of Hajdu Bihar county in Hungary (source: http://madricon.hu/)

Geography

In geographical point of view the county doesn’t form a [anonimizat]ral geographic units with the neighboring counties, Nyírség, a sand hill unit, on the northeastern part, on the center in north-south direction extends the Hajdúság, on the western part a part of Middle-Tisza region, the Hortobágy and on the southern part the Berettyó-Körös region extends through border with Romania. (Erika K., 2006)

Most of the territory of the county is completely flat. The highest point is 170,5 m in Nyírség and the lowest part is near Püspökladány, which doesn’t reaches 85 m. (HBMO, 2017)

Two great rivers are flowing through the county, the Tisza and Sebes-körös and a smaller one, Berettyó. The Tisza is on the northwestern part, the Sebes-körös and Berettyó are on the southern part. The Hortobágy was formed by Tisza, but after it was controlled became dry and this resulted a special fauna. (István S., 2006)

The climate is very dry, more sunny days, few rainy days. The average temperature in july is 20-22°C, thanks to that the yearly average temperature is 10-11°C. The winters are very cold, mostly in January. In precipitation point of view Hajdú-Bihar county is the driest county in North-Plain region and driest place in Hungary is the southern part of Hortobágy, where the yearly precipitation is 500mm. (István S., 2006)

The wildlife of the county changed because of agriculture and rivers controls. The only grassy place that wasn’t touched is the Hortobágy. Hortobágy National Park was founded in 1973 and it was the first national park in Hungary, today is a part of World Heritage Site. It’s nationally known because of its unique flora and fauna. (Erika K., 2006)

Demographics

In 2011, the county had a population of 546.721 (fig.2) and the density was 88/km2, of this 95,39% hungarians, 521.511, 3,39% gypsies, 18.546, 0,47% romanians, 2.592, 0,44% germans, 2.389 and 0,31% are other nationalities, 1.683, which means ucranians, russians, armanians and so on. The county is the fourth populated county in Hungary. (KSH, 2013)

In religion point of view 28,99% are reformed, 158.513, 15,75% are catholic, 86.084, 26,89% has no religion, 147.001, 0,20% are lutheran, 1.086, 3,22% are other, 17.608 and 24,95% are unknown, 136.429 (fig.3). (KSH, 2013)

Fig. 2. Nationalities in Hajdú-Bihar county (source: KSH, 2013)

Fig. 3. Religions in Hajdú-Bihar county (source: KSH, 2013)

According to the census made in 2011 the number of men were 261.279 and the number of women were 285.442, the average age of men were 48 and the average of women were 41(table 1). (KSH, 2013)

Table 1. Number of men and women distribuited by age (KSH, 2013)

In 2011 the 39% of the population of the county lived in the capital city of the county, in Debrecen, 41% in other cities, which means 80% of the population in urban area and 20% in rural area(table 2). (KSH, 2013)

Table. 2. Distribution of population by urban/rural (KSH, 2013)

Regional structure

Hajdú-Bihar county is structured in 10 districts (fig.4), Balmazújváros, Berettyóújfalu, Debrecen, Derecske, Hajdúböszörmény, Hajdúhadház, Hajdúnánás, Hajdúszoboszló, Nyíradony, Püspükladány (table 3). (KSH, 2013)

Table 3. Seats, Population, Area and Density of the Districts in Hajdú-Bihar county (KSH, 2013)

Fig. 4. Map of Districts in Hajdú-Bihar county (source: TeIR, 2015)

Origin of Thermal Water in Pannonian basin

The Paleogeographic Evolution of the Pannonian Basin

The Pannonian Basin or Carpathian Depression (fig.5) is a large basin in Central Europe. Forms a topographically discrete unit set surrounded by the Carpathian Mountains and the Apls. It’s extended between Vienna in northwest, Bratislava in northeast, Ostrava in north, Zagreb in southwest, Novi Sad in south and Satu Mare in east. A big part,mostly the center of the basin is on the territory of Hungary and covers small regions on the western part of Romania, western part of Ukraine, northeastern part of Slovenia, northeastern part of Croatia, eastern part of Austria and southeastern part of Poland.The Danube and Tisza rivers divide the basin broadly in half.

Fig. 5. Physical map of Pannonian basin (source: http://www.uni-miskolc.hu/)

The basin is divided into two parts along the Transdanubian Mountains, named Western Pannonain Plain and Eastern Pannonian Plain. The western part includes the Vienna Basin and the Little Hungarian Plain and the eastern part includes the Great Hungarian Plain, Pannonian Island Mountains, Transdanubian Mountains and Drava-Mura lowlands.

The basin got more names, Carpathian, Pannonian or Danube basin. Hungarians use Carpathian, based on historical traditions. In national level is named Pannonian basin. The Danube basin is more widely, because includes all water catchment, from Germany to Ukraine. (Antal T.,2011)

The formation of the Pannonian basin goes back till the early miocen (between 23-5,5 million years ago). The Alcapa and Tisza micro plates started to move in Magura oceans basin. In the locked sea established the Pannonian flisch belt. The Alpaca and Tisza micro plates agglutinated with the Middle Hungarian main unit, which was nearly in middle miocen, then established the Pannonian basin underlaid. The lithospheres thinned and caused a termic sinking, which is closely related to the sinking of the European plate under the African plate. The Carpathian mountains sarted to emerge and sediments started to be transported by seas and oceans. In pliocene and quaternary some part basins started to sink and the middle mountains started to emerge intensively. This process is still going today. (Tamas B., Gyula K.,2011)

The Pannonian Sea

The Pannonian Basin (fig.6) has its geological genesis from the Pannonian Sea, a shoal sea that reached its greatest extend during the pliocene epoch(between 5,5-2,5 million years ago), where about three or four kilometer of sediments were deposited. The sea had connection with the Mediterranean sea through the modern territories of Ligurian Sea, Bavaria basin and Vienna basin, and also attached to Aegean sea through Presevo valley.

The sea existed for about ten million years. Slowly lost his connection with all the sea and slowly became a lake and after dried up in pleistocene ages (between 2,5 million to 11,700 years ago), which was nearly 600.000 years ago. Through the diverse changes, the salinity of water often shifted, the decrease of salinity created an endemic fauna. The last remnant was the Salvonian Lake. (http://fold1.ftt.uni-miskolc.hu/)

Fig. 6. Map of the Pannonian Sea (source: http://keptar.oszk.hu/)

Sediments in Pannonian Basin – Cenozoic Era

The Cenozoic Era is a current geological era, covering a period from 65 million years ago till today. Includes Paleogene epoch (65-23 million years ago) and his sub-epochs Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene, Neogene epoch (23-2.6 million years ago) and his sub-epochs Miocene and Pliocene and Quaternary epoch (2,6 million years ago till present). (Kim A.Z. 2016)

In Paleogene epoch in the basin 5000 m tick flisch belt formed. In eocene epoch some regions started to dry, because of the movement of the crust. In this time bauxit, andesite, clay, marl, limestone and coal started to form. In oligocene epoch clay still formed, which contains foraminifera and also sandstones started to be formed. (Tamas B., Gyula K.,2011)

In miocene epoch the basin started to dry up and andesite volcanism happened, limestone and sandstone were deposited as kaolin, illicit, quartzite and diatomite. In pliocene epoch very thick sediments were deposited, like sandstones. Then was the main period of basaltic volcanism. Its specific sediment was the multicolored and red clay. The quaternany formations stretches almost over the basin, the thickness of this was 0-20 m on mountains, 3-100 m on hills and 30-500 m on basins territory, contains gray and yellow sand, gravel and multicolored and gray clay. On the edge of carbonated mountains limestone can be found, which formed in karstic sources. (Tamas B., Gyula K.,2011)

Origin of Thermal Water

The favorable geological and climate conditions created the high amount of thermal water. The geological factor influenced the quantity and the quality of the water. The thermal waters or mineral waters formation has an important geological conditions, the rock mass, within the water can be found. (Martonne E.,2001)

Under the Pannonian basin the lithosphere thinned because of the lower and middle crust movements in the miocene ages (between 23 and 5,3 million years ago). The crust is unusually thick, between 24-27 km, while the world average is 30-35 km, due to this the molten rocks (magma) got closer to the surface. This phenomenon explains the high temperature of the thermal waters (fig.7). The temperature of the water grows faster than in the other parts of the world, while the world average is 3°C/100 m, here in the basin is 6-8°C/100m. (Emese G.,2009)

Fig. 7. Map of underground water temperature (source: Peter D., Gyorgy T., 2008)

The unusual thick crust is related to the formation of volcanic mountains in the region, specially to the active volcanism in miocene ages. In that time the Pannonian Basin was the most active volcanic region. (Martonne E.,2001)

The high temperature of the crust is not enough for the formation of thermal water. The basin is filled up with sediments, clays, sands, which can store than let out the water and helps heating up faster, these are called aquifers. These formations average thickness is 2,5 km, but it could be 6 km too. (Martonne E.,2001)

These aquifers can be divided into two main parts. The first one is starting from the surface and it’s sinking in deep, it’s covered in sediments. These earns water from the rains. The water leaks down and comes back up heated and flows out at karstic regions, mostly as mineral water. These reservoirs in average has low temperature, because of falling water movements and the warm and cold water mix-ups. The second one can be found in isolated places. These aquifers doesn’t has connection with karstic regions, based on chemical tests their water is fossil seawater. (Emese G.,2009)

These aquifers are mostly build up of carbonates (limestones, dolomites). As the water is sinking down is dissolving carbon-dioxide from the soil, with this help can flow forward in carbonated formations and can dissolve and ream their cracks. Under this dissolving process the water earns calcium, magnezium, hidrogen-carbonated, salt or other mineral features. (Emese G.,2009)

Thermal Water

Thermal Water

First of all water is the most important thing in life. On average, the body of an adult human contains 70% water, billions of cells must have water to live. Water circulates through the human body, transporting, dissolving, replenishing nutrients and organic matter, while carrying away waste materials. The average body contains 42 liters of water and just lost of 2 liters can cause dehydration, tiredness, nervousness, weakness and headaches. Just drinking water we can prevent many diseases. (Martin F.C., 2001)

Mineral waters are waters that comes from natural sources (springs, lakes) and has at least one of these characteristics:

Mineralized or contains dissolved mineral salt above 1 g/l

Presence of some chemical elements, with healing action, in minimal necessary proportion

Contains dissolved gases with biological effects

Temperatures above 20°C, which gets the thermal characteristic

Existence of a therapeutic action acknowledged scientifically, which gets the medical water name and it’s denied to change its chemical composition. (Constantin M., 2013)

Thermal water is that underground water which temperature is above 20°C, the water is heated by geothermal activity. As the thermal water is rising, is passing though rocks, soil and sediments which are dissolving and gives mineral and chemical substances to the water.

Thermal water is classified by temperature:

Hipothermal : 20-31°C

Thermal : 32-38°C

Hiperthermal : above 38°C(Constantin M., 2013)

Treatments and Therapies with Thermal Water

In term of physio-chemistry, mineral waters are classified in : oligometallic, alkaline, sodium-chlorinated (salted), iodinated, brominated, sulphide, ferruginous, arsenic, sulphur, carbonated, radioactive. These are the main types that can help our health anytime. (Constantin M., 2013)

Oligometallic waters can be thermal and cold. Contains iodine, natrium, sulphur, radium, and are mostly used for locomotive diseases. Alkaline waters are used for intern cure for digestive problems and extern cure for inhalation. Salted water or sodium-chlorinated water is good for respiratory problems, for digestive problems and rheumatism. Iodinated water is good especially for rheumatism, high tension and thyroid. Sulphide water is mainly effective for digestive problems. Sulphur is a very important element for the human body, that is why sulphured water is effective for muscle and joint pain, asthma, diabetes and for many more. Ferruginous water is most effective for digestive problems. Carbonated water is good for stomach problems, for chronic diseases, for heart problems, for veins, Raynaud disease and melalgia. (Constantin M., 2013)

The water can be used in function of the type, composition of minerals and substances as daily use, on variable periods, helping and preserving the health, as drinking it and therapeutic use, treatments.

In function of the type, composition and substances of minerals the mineral water is used in ways as:

– intern cure for drinking – crenotherapy, aerosol, inhalation;

– injection form;

– extern cure like, baths, physiotherapy, solarium;

– extraction for salt and gases, what is used for cures or industry. (Constantin M., 2013)

Balneotherapy means using mineral waters, clays and muds to healing, treating and preventing diseases with the chemicals. Is using thermal water as bathing or inhaling, muds and clays as packs on body regions. Usually these are used in spas in resorts with special atmospheres. “It’s an ancient, traditional treatment modality used in Europe and other parts of the world.” (T. Bender, 2013)

It’s used mainly for muskuloskeletal diseases, different gynecological problems, skin diseases, circulation problems. (Laszlo Sz.(2017)

Hydrotherapy means healing with the physical properties of the water, heat, hydrostatical pressure and density are very important factors. Both cold and warm water help the metabolism. Cold water cause veincontraction, the blood pressure increases and the rhythm decreases, while the warm water causes the opposite. The pressure of the water has effect on veins, skin veins, increases the kidney function, decreases the infections. The density depends on the temperature and the chemical composition of the water. (Laszlo Sz.(2017)

Thermal Water in Hajdú-Bihar County

Hungary has approximately 1,300 thermal water wells, in this regard it’s between the richest countries in the world and 800 of these are used for medical purpose. (T. Bender, 2013) In Hajdú-Bihar county are 64 thermal water wells and just 14 are used for medical purpose. Two important places are Debrecen where are 9 thermal wells and Hajdúszoboszló where are 9 too. (http://www.balneologia.hu/)

The table (table 4) below shows the typical chemical compositions of thermal waters and baths, their therapeutic effect, for which diseases and problems are good for and effective, and where can be found in Hajdu-Bihar county, the place of occurence.

Table 4. Typical chemical composition of thermal waters, their therapeutic effect and place of occurrence in Hajdú-Bihar county (source: pages 23-42)

Balneary Tourism

Balnery Tourism

Balneary tourism is for those who wants to heal and prevent their diseases and for those who needs to relax, to find their own vitality, to get physical and psychical health. This type of tourism is related to balneary resorts, baths and spas, which are known for their mineral and thermal waters and different treatments. This is the reason why this type of tourism shows the one of the most bigger tourist traffic. (Stefania E., 2013)

The main natural resources for the development of balneary tourism are the mineral water, climate, natural gases or pits, and lakes with therapeutic properties. Has a major economic potential not only medical value. The economic aspect shows a specific tourism traffic, an increasing social budget through the reduced costs of medications and hospitalization. (Stefania E., 2013)

In Hungary in term of balnery tourism they say health, medical or wellness tourism.

Balneology

Balneology or thermal bath lore(science), origins from greek balaneion, which means bath or medical bath and from lore words, is that science which examine medical waters, mineral waters and medical muds and make them useful. Used as treatments and therapies for different diseases or for preventing them. Many forms of balneology treatments are known like mud masks, medical baths, drinking cure, which may be completed or combined with physiotherapy. (Gyarmati N. (2014)

Health Tourism

Health Tourism means traveling for health care, to heal different diseases or to prevent them. People like to travel in other countries for special or better treatments than what they gain in their own country. This means that they travel from less-developed country to developed countries, but in some case is inversely. People travel from richer country to less-developed because of low-cost treatments, traditional treatments or because of cheaper flights.

Health care tourism or medical(curative) could be considered the oldest type of tourism. Often older people practise this type of tourism, when more diseases appear. The characteristics of this type are:

– the number of participants is reduced, includes people who suffers of a disease or problem;

– the distance to the right place depends of nature conditions and geographic position. Long distances are influenced mostly by these two factors;

– the duration of the activity and the effectiveness of curative treatments is influenced too by nature conditions. In general, the duration of this type of tourism is medium and long. The only factor, which influences the duration of less serious problems treatments is sick leave;

– the efficiency is high, because the participants need to use a profile infrastructure and to consult someone with high qualification, which increases the cost of the services;

– almost all destinations includes more type of activities helping the health care, like saunas, herb and mud baths, intensive therapeutic processes, gyms. (Cocean P. (2000)

Health tourism is the most developed tourism form in Hungary. In this rushing world people need relaxation, to heal different diseases or to prevent them. In Hungary the medical waters healer effect it was already discovered in time of the Roman Empire. In XIX. and XX. century was already constructed popular medical baths, like in Sárvár, Hajdúszoboszló, Zalakaros and Héviz. By the Széchenyi plan for investing in baths and related accommodations the health tourism increased as in quality as in quantity. (David M., 2011)

Wellness and SPA Tourism

Wellness and SPA therapies are known worldwide, the therapies and treaments are effective and good for many health problems,as physical as psychical problems. The therapies and treatments are water-based, balneotherapies and hydrotherapies. (Yurcu G. 2017)

Wellness means to be proper in mind and body, its goal is healing and preventing diseases in comfortable ways. Wellness complexes are making different packages and programs wich makes more attractive and entertaining the healing and preventing processes. Wellness tourism is the health tourisms new trend, which introduces newer technological health care processes. (David M., Tamara R., 2011) Promoting healt care facilities and services helps attracting tourists, which makes this tourism form a real good tourst facility. „These healt care services may include medical examinations by qualified doctors and nurses at resort or hotel, […], special medical treatments for various diseases…”(Niko K., 2012)

Spa ”sanus per aquam” latin heal through water, the name came from a Roman town, today Belgium, which had a fountain with healing powers, the fountains name was espa. ( Jane C., John H., 2005)

Thermal baths in Hajdú-Bihar County

Thermal baths

,,Thermal springs are as very important to Hungary as oil to Texas’’ (Rachel F., 2003). The soil is like a sponge and due to this the country has hundred thermal baths, like probes on oil territories. It doesn’t needed to travel across the country because you can find everywhere a spring or a bath. (Rachel F., Brian B.,2003)

Healthy people visit regularly one of the baths for a general fast regeneration and to enjoy a long lasting tradition. Beside that these are favorable places to meet, these are visited by sick people who follow doctors commendations. Hungarian thermal waters are mainly good for rheumatism, stomach problems, intestinal and gynecological problems. (Rachel F., Brian B.,2003)

In the end of the XIX. century, under the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, hungarian water were glad to international recognition, were famous in America too, where bath amateurs took the idea of visiting thermal baths for health. Today for some people is a daily routine to visit a thermal bath, they go with the family, friends or neighbors like others are meeting in local bars. Hungarians love everything related to water, as sport, relaxation or health. Foreign people who would like to get familiar to hungarian lifestyle need to visit at least once a thermal bath, or in turkish style or one of the complexes or a smaller one in one of the villages. Visitors need to know that these thermal waters is not useful only for diseases or problems, but is favorable for health. (Rachel F., Brian B.,2003)

On the North-Plain region are more than 200 thermal water springs, the region is very popular for the thermal waters and ,,Hajdú-Bihar county is the Mekka of thermal waters”(Ferenc M., 2015) and thermal baths, each bath dispose of a thermal water for relaxation, for recharge and mostly for healing different diseases. (Ferenc M., 2015)

In Hajdú-Bihar county are 13 thermal and medical baths (fig.8). The most popular is the Hungarospa in Hajdúszoboszló which is the largest spa complex of Europe, with different opportunities and facilities. After this bath is the Aquaticum Debrecen, which has a really unique tropical style, that gives summer all year long.Each bath has the water for relaxation, recharging and mainly for treating, healing and preventing different diseases and problems.

This capitol describes each thermal bath in Hajdú-Bihar county, where can be found, what kind of facilities, activities can be found here, what kind of pools are. Describes what kind of chemical and mineral compositions are in the given bath and for what diseases are effective mostly.

Fig. 8. Location of main thermal baths in Hajdu Bihar county (source: ArcGis Online)

Hungarospa Hajdúszoboszló

Hungarospa is located in Hajdúszoboszló (fig.9), where in 1925 from the depth of 1100 m thermal water appeard durring a search for oil. It’s the largest spa complex of Europe. The spa complex includes medical baths, the Aqua-palace, open-air baths, the Aquapark (fig.10.), the Thermal hotel, swimming pools (fig.11), thermal chambers and the Saunaworld.

According to analysis the water contained many healthy chemical subtances like iodine, sodium-chlorine, hydrocarbon, etc. The effects of the bath therapies you can see on the first treatment already. People who had orthopedic operation comes for aftercare. Good results are reached after treating people who had stroke, paralysis after Heine medin disease and who has neuralgia or neuritis. The water is good for gynecological inflammations and infections.

The Aqua-Palace was opened in 2010 with unique ambient, has 20 pool and 8 out of it are located downstairs, these exclusive pools gives different eras and different sites: ice cave bathing pool, cinema bathing pool, peacock thermal bathing pool, tropical bathing pool, Ganges bathing pool, Roman bathing pool, sea bathing pool and cave bathing pool. These pools give different experiences like water jet massage, springs, bubble beds, whirlpools, drift streams, etc. You can find family and giant slides too. Offers many wellness services. There are many alternative massage forms like: shiatsu, ayurvedic massage, vitalizing massage, lava stone massage, etc. The Relax room gives an exclusive experience, infra sauna and solarium. In the palace are three private bathing pools, with sauna and jacuzzi.

In 2014 was renovated the thermal medical bath hall, there are three covered pools. Downstairs are three consulting rooms,a gym for physiotherapy and tangentor. Upstairs are massage rooms, therapy rooms and relaxing rooms. The Saunaworld is downstairs which has 3 finnish saunas,2 infra saunas, immersion pool and 2 steam chambers. Upstairs are further sauna islands with finnish sauna and outdoor pools and a sodium-chlorine chamber with bricks from Praid sodium-chlorine mine, Romania. (https://www.hungarospa.hu/en/)

Fig. 9. Location of Hungarospa in Hajdúszoboszló (source: ArcGis Online)

Aquaticum, Mediterranean Aquapark,Thermal Bath – Debrecen

It’s located in Debrecen (fig.12), in the heart of the Great Forest. It’s a unique aquapark, which has tropical flora and many adventure elements, these unique style makes summer all year long for guests. Offers full day relaxation for every generation and has a special chloric free babypool too.

The thermal waters temperature is 65°C and contains hydrocarbon, iodine, bromine, sodium chlorine, calcium and magnesium, these are good mainly for rheumatism, gynecological problems, neuritis and neuralgia.

The thermal bath has indoor and outdoor therapeutic water pools, with different water temperatures, 33-38 °C (fig.13). In each pool can be found comfortable benches, there are some pools which has diffusers what makes buzzing feelings, mushroom showers and water jets for hydro massage. There are two pools, specifically shaped for curative gymnastics and weight bath treatments. The bath is equipped with streamlines, cavebaths, geyser, climbing wall and you can walk on water with help of waterballs. The Sauna world has finnish sauna, light and aromatherapic rooms, infrared sauna, ice fountain and tepidarium.

In the aquapark are many different water slides (fig.14), there are two giant slides for brave guests, which are 9 meter high, the one named Kamikaze is very fast and lively, other slides are slower, tortuous, there is one named Family slide, on which 3-4 people can go at once and there are some slides for the youngest guests too. (http://www.aquaticum.hu/hu/fooldal/)

Fig. 12. Location of Aquaticum in Debrecen (source: ArcGis Online)

Bihar Thermal Park

The Bihar Thermal park is located in Berettyóújfalu (fig.15). It was built in 1927 with one pool and later on between 1960-1970 was expanded with two pools.

In 1995 was expended with a swimming complex, which had several type of pools, children pool (fig. 16), saunas and solariums. Officially in 1997 the thermal water was declared medical water. A nearby well gives the water for the bath, which is 63°C and contains sodium, hydrocarbon, silicic acid for different diseases, like neuralgia or neuritis. There are several bath pools (fig.17), thermal baths and saunas. The thermal park gives sporting and entertainment possibilities too. (https://www.termalfurdo.hu/)

Fig. 15. Location of Bihar Thermal Park in Berettyóújfalu (source: ArcGis Online)

Kaba Medical Bath

It’s located in Kaba (fig.18). The bath officially in 2002 was declared as medical bath. The 47°C thermal water breaks up from 707 m deep, which contains sodium chlorine, iodine, meta-boric acid and silicic acid, which is good for spine, hip, joint pain, neuralgia and neuritis.

In 2006 was reconstructed and expended with many services like massage rooms, infra saunas, tangetors, mud treatments, group water gymnastic and electro-treatments. The bath has four pools (fig.19), two swimming pool with water jets(one for kids), and two medical bath with different temperature, 34-36°C and 36-38°C (fig.20). (www.kaba.hu/gyogyfurdo)

Fig. 18. Location of Kaba Medical Bath in Kaba (source: ArcGis Online)

Bocskai Thermal Bath

It’s located in Hajdúböszörmény (fig.21), it was opened in 2007, has three indoor pools (fig.22) with two thermal pools 32-34°C and 36-38°C (fig.23), one hot thermal pool 38-40°C, physiotherapy pool, sauna dipping pool and outdoor pool. The sauna and the steam is good for those who need body and mind renewal.

Different treatment can be found here like mud bath, balneotherapy, carbonated bath, hydromassage and weight bath.

The water from the thermal bath was declared as medical water in 2003, the first medical treatment began in 2005. Medical analyses showed that the thermal water contains iodine, bromine, fluorine and sodium chlorine, which is good for rheumatism, gynecological inflammations and for those who have problems with thyroid. (http://www.bocskaitermal.hu/)

Fig. 21. Location of Bocskai Thermal Bath in Hajdúböszörmény (source: ArcGis Online)

Kamilla Medical, Thermal Spa and Pools

It’s located in Balmazújváros (fig.24) next to Semsey Castle. The bath was built in 1951. The water is springing from 1100 meters depth which contains zinc, calcium and sodium-hydrocarbon which is recommended mainly for the easement of rheumatic complaints, degenerative diseases and locomotive system disorders.

Here can be found the organic sauna of Hortobagy, fiery sauna, infra sauna, steam cabin, sodium-chlorine chamber and finnish sauna. There are different pools with different temperatures like the thermal pool 34-36°C (fig.25), adventure pool 30-32°C, jacuzzi 34-36°C (fig.26), children’s pool 32-34 °C. The Sauna Village was opened in 2016 and it has almost 80 space for guests, currently is the largest sauna house in Hungary. (http://www.kamillafurdo.hu/)

Fig. 24. Location of Kamilla Spa in Balmazújváros (source: ArcGis Online)

Kerekestelep Thermal bath and Camping

It’s located in Debrecen (fig.27), the citys less known thermal bath, which is more calm and quiet than the Aquaticum. First it was Kerekes Géza’s site who distributed for peoples who lived in Debrecen to build houses, today the site name is Kerekes Site (Kerekestelep). The bath first was opened just in summer seasons, but after it was renovated in 2012 and till then is opened all year. More than thousand people is searching for the bath yearly.

The medical water contains sodium bicarbonate, iodine, fluorine and bromine with low sodium-chlorine content, which breaks up from 580 m deep. The water is good especially for rheumatic problems and muscle pain, many people drinks the water for high stomach acid problems.

The bath has five pools, thermal pools and swimming pools (fig.28) and above this are natural medical services. The camping (fig.29) is equipped with electricity, buffet, hot water, internet and washing machines. (http://kerekestelepifurdo.hu/)

Fig. 27. Location of Kerekestelep Bath in Debrecen (source: ArcGis Online)

Nádurvar Thermal bath

The thermal bath is located in Nádudvar (fig.30), which is opened just in summer seasons, has few pools and saunas. The bath is operating 40 years ago and it was renovated in 2000. In 1920 thermal water appeard during a search for oil, but the main judge closed the baths construction and the water drained unutilized in Kösely river for decades. Between 1967-68 people who lived there started to construct the bath together with help of few sponsors. (http://www.nadudvar.hu/index.php/turizmus/furdo)

The bath has four pools, one swimming pool, one bath pool (fig.31), one for kids and one thermal pool (fig.32).

The waters temperature in 64°C and is rich in minerals like sodium-hydrocarbon, fluorine which are good mainly for stomach acid problems, rheumatism and gynecological problems. Few facilities can be found here like medical massage, physiotherapy and gymnastics. (https://www.termalfurdo.hu/furdo/nadudvari-termal-es-strandfurdo-125)

Fig. 30. Location of Nádudvar Thermal Bath in Nádudvar (source: ArcGis Online)

Polgár Thermal bath

The bath is located in Polgár (fig.33), is opened just in summer seasons, has many types of pools, saunas, sport possibilities like football, tennis, volleyball, basketball, has a lake for fishing and an english garden. The bath has one outdoor thermal pool (fig.34), one indoor swimming pool (fig.35) and one pool for kids.

The thermal water was discovered in 1970, the waters temperature is 72°C and contains sodium-hydrocarbon and fluorine, which is good against infections, for rheumatism, gynecological problems and for drinking, is good for stomach problems. (http://www.polgar.hu/)

Fig. 33. Location of Polgár Thermal bath in Polgár (source: ArcGis Online)

Püspökladány Thermal Bath

It’s located in Püspökladány (fig.36), where the thermal water was founded in 1920, which from 1986 is counted as medical water. The bath is open from four decades. In 2003 was expanded with medical center and till then is open all year.

The thermal water contains calcium-magnesium-hydrocarbon, iodine and bromine which is good for arthritis, various infections, for some skin disease and in case of vasoconstriction. In the bath works two rheumatologist and orthopedic doctors.

In the bath are outdoor thermal pools (fig.37) and indoor thermal pools (fig.38). Several medical services are like mud treatment, weight pool, carbonated pool, hydro massage, physiotherapy and medical massage. (http://www.puspokladany.hu/)

Fig. 36. Location of Püspükladány Thermal Bath in Püspökaldány (source: ArcGis Online)

Földes Thermal Bath and Camping

It’s located in Földes (fig.39), where the thermal water breaks out from 1344 m deep and the waters temperature is 67°C, which contains sodium-chlorine, bromine and iodine, which is good for rheumatism and gynecologic problems.

Has three pools, two thermal (fig.40) and one swimming pool (fig.41), buffet and camping with six tree houses, and sports like tennis, football, horse riding, cycling, basketball. The bath and the camping site is opened just in summer seasons. (https://www.termalfurdo.hu/)

Fig. 39. Location of Földes Thermal Bath and Camping in Földes (source: ArcGis Online)

Hajdúdorog Thermal Bath

Hajdúdorogs thermal bath (fig.42) was build by the residents, they started in 1978 and finished in 1983. The thermal water officially in 2004 was declared as medical water, breaks out from 1084 m and the waters temperature is 64,5°C, which is good for rheumatism. Stretches over 9 h area and has medical pool (fig.43), swimming pool (fig.44) and children pool. (https://www.termalfurdo.hu/)

Fig. 42. Location of Hajdúdorog Thermal Bath in Hajdúdorog (source: ArcGis Online)

Hajdúnánás Medical Bath

The bath is locates in Hajdúnánás (fig.45). The thermal water of the bath was found in 1930, in 1958 the water broke up from 1019 m and drowned into a nearby lake. The bath was opened in 1962. In 1989 it was counted as medical water.

The thermal water contains sodium-chlorine, iodine, bromine, which is good for locomotive system disorder and gynecological problems.

Has pools with different temperatures, has three swimming pools (fig.46), two thermal pools (fig.47) and one for kids.

In the Sauna House complex can be found many facilities like steam rooms, infrasaunas, finnish saunas. (http://www.nanasfurdo.hu/)

Fig. 45. Location of Hajdúnásás Medical Bath in Hajdúnánás (source: ArcGis Online)

Conclusion

In conclusion this study shows the importance of mineral water. The evolution and the origin of thermal water in Pannonian which basin gives the water for numerous baths. Thermal water with enough mineral and chemical composition can do miracles for many types of diseases and problems, as for physical as for psychical. Many therapies and treatments are invented with thermal water. Each physical and chemical property of water is effective on something.

Hajdú-Bihar county’s baths are starting becoming more and more popular, mainly the Hungarospa in Hajdúszoboszló and the Aquaticum in Debrecen. In the last years the guest number increased greatly. This type of tourism became more known and liked, as for older people as for younger people.

In my opinion two things influenced more the increasing guest numbers. The first is that the healthy life started being more trendy, eating more healthy food, doing more sport, like men do gym and women do yoga. Getting healthy in a comfort way, just sitting and enjoying the warm water is all that everybody wants and there are more activities and facilities that can be tried like jacuzzi, water jets, water slides, tangetors, massages with special muds. The second is the renovation and the modernization of the baths, wellnesses and spas. Modernizing the structure of the baths for being more simple, enjoyable and safe can increase the interest.

In the last 10 years almost all baths in the county fell through a renovation or modernization, thanks to a local institution or to the Széchenyi Plan. They started building new pools, water slides, green space, planting trees, added new facilities and activities and created a new effective promotion for being open all year and to attract new guests. The Széchenyi Plan was planned to improve Hungary’s economy and to create new jobs. The first goal was to develope the health tourism, in the way to develope backward towns, to utilize geothermal energy, to protect the natural resources guaranteeing the quality. (http://www.ujszechenyiterv.hu)

The Hajdú-Bihar – Bihor Euroregion project was invented to keep a better relatioship between these two county, because once these two counties was one county. Developing the relation helped to increase the tourism, because Bihor county has the same treasure as Hajdú-Bihar county, the thermal water. Bihor has several thermal baths in Oradea, Marghita, Băile Felix, Băile 1 Mai and many other. They could renovate and modernize thier baths from european supports. The biggest and the most successful thermal bath in Bihor county is in Oradea, the Aquapark Nymphaea, the second one, which is really popular as in the country as internationally is in Băile Felix. The center and the biggest city of the euroregion is Oradea and after that is Debrecen.

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