Discobolul Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy Journal [631675]

Discobolul – Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy Journal
OPTIM AL KINEMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UNEVEN
BARS DISMOUNTS – STUD Y OF CASE

Valerian Nicolae FORMINTE1, Vladimir POTOP2*, Ramona MICU3, Emilia Florina
GROSU4

1 “Babes -Bolyai ” University of Cluj -Napoca, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Farul Constanta Sports
Club, Romania
2 Ecological University of Bucharest, Romania
3 LPS “Cetate” Deva, Romania
4 “Babes -Bolyai” University of Cluj -Napoca, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Romania
*Corresponding author : [anonimizat]

DOI:……….. will be inserted …….

Abstract. The research aimed to investigate the optimal kinematic characteristics of uneven bars dismounts .
This scientific approach led to the organization of a case study. The research involved 5 junior gymnasts aged 13
-15 years, memb ers of the Romanian national junior team in Deva training center. Research methods used :
analysis of specialized literature ; observation method ; video computer ized method; method of movement postural
orientation ; statistic al-mathematic al method , using Chi-Square – nonparametric Kruskal -Wallis Test and
Parametric Multiple Comparis ons Tukey -Kramer Test. The research results revealed the angular characteristics
of body segments in each technique key element consistent with the composition deductions and apparatu s specific
deductions . The identification of the dismount technique key elements based on individual data and spatio –
temporal chara cteristics synchronization highlighted differences in the segments trajectory and movement
amplitude . The optim al kinematic characteristics of double back salto dismount o ff uneven bars show the
rotational mo tion with and without support . The use of video computerize d analysis for the biomechanical study
of uneven bars dismount contributed to a deeper knowledge of the technique key elements . Highlighting the
optimal kinematic characteristics of the studie d parameters and indicators helped t o elaborate the linear and
branching algorithmic scheme required to improve the uneven bars dismounts technique.
Keywords : spatio-temporal characteristics , angular velocity , video computeriz ed method , algorit hmic
learning
Introduction
Gymnastic s continues to grow in popularit y and develop in accordance with the trends of
performance sports and its specific features . Modern artistic gymnastics has evolved along
several years by highlighting the main influences on the gradual increase of skills difficulty
(Arkaev, & Suchilin, 2004 ).
Women’s artistic gymnastics (WAG) is the most popular discipline in the gymnastics world.
It debuted at the 1928 Olympics . To practice this sport , the gymnast has to master proper
muscular strength and flexibilit y. WAG events include vault, uneven bars, balance beam and
floor exercise s (Sweeney, 2020 ). One of the 4 competition apparatus, the uneven bars,
improved its construction; the bars became round and thinner , the distance between bars
increased, the anchor system was improved; all these contributed to the evolution of elements
execution technique . The main direc tions of development are : deriva tion, comp osition ,
concentra tion and borrowing (Grosu, 2004).
According to the Code of Points (FIG, 2017) , the exercise on uneven bars must meet 4
composition requirements ; it is formed of a maximum of 8 element s of the highest difficulty,

Discobolul – Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy Journal
including the dismount which is scored at the difficulty value (DV). The content of the element s
will be divided into 6 structural groups : mounts, casts and clear hip circles , giant circles, Stalder
circles, pike circles , dismount s.
As mentioned above, the dismount is no longer a mandatory requirement but it is accounted
for at DV and contribu tes to the increase of the final score. In this regard, great attention should
be paid to the use of modern learning technologies , as this depends on how the exercise is
completed and the final impression of the judges (Readhead, 2 011).
Gymnastic s involves a lot of skills with unique technical requirements . These skills load the
body in a variety of ways . Biomec hanics studi es the physics or engineering that underl ies the
movement . The b iomec hanics of sport is a relatively young scientific disciplin e, due to the
appearance of computers and high -speed cinematography (Gavojdea, 2015; Prassas, Kwon, &
Sands, 2006 ).
The main studies of the scientists focused on the biomechanical analysis of the following
elements: giant circles , flight elements and dismounts with various difficulties . Topical
biomechanical studies refer to important issues like: the transfer of the indicators of technical
elements such as giant circles (Hiley, & Yeadon, 2007) and clear hip circle to handstand
(Petkovic et al., 2018), executed on high bar and uneven bars (Arampatzis & Brüggemann,
1999) ; research on the execution technique of the basic routines ; assessment of the male and
female anthropometric indicator s related to the r esults of movement amplitude and ve locity,
moment um and angular velocity (Hiley & Yeadon, 2003 ; Sheets, & Hubbard, 2009 );
identif ication and quantif ication of injury mechanisms and risk factors (Bradshaw & Hume,
2012).
However, the concerns and guidelines in the biomechanical research on uneven bars are of
particular interest for finding the most important information needed to improve the technique
(Crețu, 2004) .
The research purpose is to investiga te the optimal kinematic characteristics of the dismount
performance on uneve n bars .
Hypothesis of the research . The use of the video computerized analysis necessary for the
biomechanical study of the uneven bars dismount will contribute to the more thorough
knowledge of the technique key elements.
Highlighting the optimal kinematic characteristics of the studied pa rameters and indicators
will help to elaborate the linear and branching algorithmic scheme required to improve the
technique of the uneven bars dismounts .

Methodology
This scientific approach entailed the organization of a case study . A number of 5 female
gymnasts aged 13 to 15 years, members of the Romanian national team from the training center
of Deva, participated in this study . The selection of the gymnasts in the research was made on
the criterion of their participation in the Junior National Gymnastics Championships , Onești
2017. The study was conducted in conformit y with the Declaration of Helsinki on the research
involving human subjects and with the Ethics Commission of the Ecological University of
Bucharest .
The following research methods were used to achieve this study: analysis of the specialty
literature; method of observation with direct participation and video recordings taken from

Discobolul – Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy Journal
YouTube ( perpendicular to the plane of the movement ); video computeriz ed method using the
specialized program s:
– Pinnacle studio for converting video capture from mp4 into avi format , 30 frame/sec.
– Kinovea for measuring the angular characteristics of the body segments in the technique
key elements of uneven bars dismounts.
– Physics toolkit for m easuring the kinematic characteristics of the trajectory of body
segment s (foot, hip joint – CoM, shoulder and wrist) and angular velocity (rad/s).
The movement postural orientation method (Boloban, 2013 and supplemented by Potop,
2015) was used f or the analysis of the kinematic characteristics of the double back salto pike d
dismount . This method allows the identifica tion of the key elements in the phasic structure of
the sports technique of gymnastics exercises . The conceptual significance of this method
consists in the fact that each body posture must influence positively the biomechanical
characteristics of the next posture ; thus the execution of supplementary movements and the
accumulation of technical errors are not allowed in the process of demonstrating a combination
or the whole exercise .
Due to the technical structure of the double back salto piked dismount off the uneven bars,
the biomechanical analysis was divided into two parts (fig. 1) :
a) Supported rota tional motion (MRS) – back giant circle, preparatory phase :
– sub-phase 1 (SPh1), moment of crossing over the low bar ;
– sub-phase 2, (SPh2), body launching posture (LP), moment before releasing the high bar .
b) Rotational motion without support (MRNS) , basic phase , multiplica tion of body posture
piked (MP1) – beginning of the flight phase , MP2 – maxim um height of the center of mass of
the body (CoM), MP3 – end of the flight phase and final phase – concluding body posture (CP)
– landing .

Figure 1. Phasic s tructur e of the technique of double back salto piked dismount off the uneven
bars (FIG, 2017)

In order to perform the biomechanical analysis of the dismount, the body segments (foot,
CoM and shoulders) were separately measured in MRS 3– with the bar as axis of rotation ; in
MRNS , 3 segments (foot, shoulders and wrist) were measured related to CoM (ax is of rotation ).
Main anthropometric paramet ers used (n=5, mean ±SD): height (m) -147.28±4 .81 m;
standing reach (m) – 192.36±3 .50 m and weight – 39.45±3 .84 kg.
Necessary i ndicator s for the biomechanical analysis :
a) MRS: RI – rotational inertia ( kg·m2), RM – radius of motion ( m): foot, hip joint (CoM)
and shoulders .
b) MRNS: RI (kg·m2), RM (m): foot, shoulders and arms .

Discobolul – Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy Journal
The key elements of the technique (fig. 1) were identified in each gymnast, highlighting the
spatio -temporal characteristics and the angular velocity . The aim was to synchronize and
centralize the data for each body segment and the technique key elements in both parts of the
exercise .
The algorithmic learning method, namely the linear and branching algorithmic scheme
(Potop, 2015), was used to improve the dismount execution technique . Three main groups of
exercises were used within the methodological struc ture: aiding exercises ; supplementar y
exercises with aiding – preparatory character ; exercises for control and correction of the
learning .
The statistic al analysis was performed using the KyPlot program and Microsoft Excel. The
data were calculated for each gymnast separately, showing the statistical indicators : mean,
S.E.M. – standar d error of the mean , SD –standard deviation , Cv% – coefficient of varia tion.
The ChiSqu are – nonparametric Kruskal -Wallis Test (Dwivedi, Mallawaarachchi & Alvarado,
2017) was used to highlight the significance of the performance achieved in the uneven bars
event .
The average of the body segments in each part of the exercise was calculated using MS
Excel. To show the influence of the spatio -temporal characteristics and optimal segmental
angular velocity, the Parametric Multiple Comparisons Tukey -Kramer Test was used : Pairwise
Comparisons for One -Way Layout Design (McHugh, 2011) . In MRS the average at 9 indicator s
(A1-9) was used : foot (X,Y), CoM (X,Y), shoulders (X,Y), foot (rad/s), CoM (rad/s) and
shoulders (rad/s) ; as for MRNS – the average of 11 indicator s (A1-11): CoM (X,Y), foot (X,Y),
shoulders (X,Y), wrist (X,Y), foot (rad/s), shoulders (rad/s) and wrist (rad/s).
Results
Table no. 1 shows the results of the angular characteristics of body segments during the
competitive execution of double back salto piked dismount off uneven bars by the junior
gymnasts aged 1 3 to 15 years within the Team and Individual National Champion ships of
Junior s II Level 4, Onesti, 03 – 04.06.2017

Table 1. Angular characteristics of body segments during the execu tion by junior gymnasts of
the double back salto piked dismount off the uneven bars
Full
name Hip circle Clear hip circle
Preparatory phase Basic phase Concluding phase
SPh1,
degrees SPh2 – CP,
degrees MP3, degree CP, degree
a b
M.L. 172 155 132 97 106
S.S. 135 170 143 108 83
P.L. 150 144 123 111 105
B.V 139 176 156 99 108
P.M. 133 183 149 97 78
mean 145.8 165.6 140.6 102.4 96.00
S.E.M. 7.17 7.10 5.90 2.95 6.39
S.D. 16.05 15.88 13.20 6.16 14.30
Cv% 11.01 9.59 9.38 6.46 14.89
Note: SPh1 – Sub-phase 1- Crossing over the low bar (LB), angle between trunk and t high, SPh2 – LP – sub-phase 2 –
launching posture from high bar (HB), before releasing the high bar , trunk – thigh an gle (a) and trunk -arms (b); MP 3 –
multiplica tion of body posture , maxim um height of CoM, trunk – thigh angle ; CP – concluding posture – landing , trunk –
thigh angle .

Discobolul – Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy Journal
The angular characteristics analysis was performed with the help of Kinovea program in
accordance with the method of movement postural orientation (Boloban, 2013; Potop, 2015) .
The positions of the key elements during the double back salto piked dismount o ff uneven bars
were highlighted as follows : in MRS, preparatory movement , SPh1, crossing over the low bar ,
the trunk -thigh angle has a n average of 145.8±16 .05 degrees and in SPh2 – LP, before releasing
the bar, a) trunk -thigh angle with an average of 165.6±15 .88 degrees and b) trunk -arms angle
of 140.6±13 .20 degrees ; in MRNS, the basic movement , MP3 ( pike), the trunk -thigh angle has
an average of 102.4±6.16 degrees; in the concluding posture , CP landing , the trunk -thigh angle
is 96.0±14 .30 degrees .
Table no 2 presents the results of the biomechanical indicator s needed for the technical
analysis of the uneven bars double back salto piked dismount executed during the Team and
Individual National Championships of Juniors II Level 4 , Onesti, 03 – 04.06.2017.

Table 2. Biomechanical indicators needed for the technical analysis of the double salto
backward piked dismount o ff uneven bars executed by junior gymnast s
Full
name Phase of hip circle Phase of clear hip circle
R.I.
(kg·m2) radius of motion, m R.I.
(kg·m2) radius of motion, m
foot CoM shoulder foot shoulder wrist
M.L. 116.02 1.366 0.896 0.565 14.35 0.567 0.288 0.362
S.S. 144.49 1.525 0.927 0.489 17.88 0.713 0.368 0.374
P.L. 138.26 1.407 0.981 0.601 17.28 0.623 0.383 0.405
B.V 119.94 1.439 0.996 0.657 14.83 0.634 0.374 0.358
P.M. 130.74 1.601 1.029 0.587 16.51 0.728 0.361 0.450
mean 129.89 1.467 0.966 0.579 16.17 0.653 0.355 0.389
S.E.M. 5.36 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.68 0.03 0.02 0.02
S.D. 11.99 0.09 0.05 0.06 1.53 0.07 0.04 0.04
Cv% 9.23 6.45 5.56 10.53 9.47 10.24 10.77 9.84
Note: S.E.M. – standard error mean; S.D. – standard deviation; Coef. Var. – coefficient of variation; RI – rotational inertia;
CoM – Cent er of mass of the body (hip joint);

The statistic al-mathematic al results at MRS revealed RI with average of 129.89 kg·m2 ;
foot RM with average of 1.467 m, CoM – 0.966 m , shoulders – 0.579 m; at MRNS the RI had
an average of 16.17 kg·m2; segmental RM of the relation CoM with the foot – an average of
0.653 m, with the shoulders – 0.355 m and with the arms – 0.389 m.

a) MRS b) M RNS
Figur e 1. Averages of the values of body segments trajectories during the execution of double
back salto piked dismount o ff the uneven bars (n=5)

Discobolul – Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy Journal
Figure 1 (a and b) highlights the optimal spatio -temporal characteristic s of the body
segments during the execution of double back salto piked dismount , regarding MRS in
preparatory phase (SPh1 and SPh2) of the segment s: foot, CoM and shoulders ; i n MRNS with
basic phase (MP1,2,3) and conclusion (CP) – landing . The data calculations show an average
of the dismount total duration of 1.117 sec . The variation of the segments angular velocity
value influen ced the differences of the temporal moments in each key element of the technique ,
exemplifi ed by the size of interval s (in SPh1 of 0.267 – 0.367 sec and in SPh2 of 0.533 – 0.667
sec). There were also discrepancies between segment s at CP – landing because of the height
(MP2x,y = 0.83; 0.56 m) and length of the dismount flight (CPx = 1 .33 m).
Table no 3 and 4 show the results of the multiple comparative analysis of the average
between the spatio -temporal indicators and the angular velocity of the segments in MRS and
MRNS. The results of the analysis highlighted significant differences at p< 0.001 between the
indicators A1-6 and A7-9 in MR NS and between the indicator s A1-8 and A9-11. This means
that there are no significant relationships between the indicators of the same characteristic ;
instead the combination of these relationships ha s a significant influence .

Table 3. Multipl e para metric comparative analysis of indicators average at dismount in MRS

Ind.
MRS A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9
Foot(Xm) Foot(Ym) CoM (Xm) CoM (Ym) Should(Xm) Should(Ym) Foot(rad/s) CoM (rad/s) Should(rad/s)
A1 0.415 0.207 0.465 0.314 0.461 14.46*** 12.64*** 12.13***
A2 -0.208 0.050 -0.100 0.045 14.05*** 12.23*** 11.72***
A3 0.258 0.107 0.253 14.25*** 12.43*** 11.93***
A4 -0.150 -0.004 14.00*** 12.18*** 11.67***
A5 0.146 14.15*** 12.32*** 11.82***
A6 14.01*** 12.18*** 11.67***
A7 -1.80 -2.29
A8 -0.49
A9
Note: Parametric Multiple Comparis ons Tukey -Kramer Test: Pairwise Comparisons for One -Way Layout Design; *** – p<0.001

Table 4. Multiple parametric comparative analysis of indicators average at dismount in MRNS

Ind.
MRS A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
CoM(Xm) CoM(Ym) Foot(Xm) Foot(Ym) Should(Xm) Should(Ym) Wrist(Xm) Wrist(Ym) Foot(rad/s) Should(rad/s) Wrist(rad/s)
A1 -0.78 -0.04 -0.82 0.02 -0.79 -0.01 -0.80 10.26*** 10.84*** 9.50***
A2 0.73 -0.04 0.80 -0.01 0.77 -0.02 11.04*** 11.63*** 10.28***
A3 -0.77 0.07 -0.74 0.04 -0.75 10.30*** 10.89*** 9.55***
A4 0.84 0.03 0.81 0.02 11.08*** 11.67*** 10.32***
A5 -0.80 -0.03 -0.82 10.23*** 10.83*** 9.48***
A6 0.78 -0.02 11.05*** 11.63*** 10.28***
A7 -0.79 10.27*** 10.86*** 9.51***
A8 11.06*** 11.65*** 10.30***
A9 0.58 -0.76
A10 -1.34
A11
Note: Parametric Multiple Comparisons Tukey -Kramer Test: Pairwise Comparisons for One-Way Layout Design; *** – p<0.001

Table no 5 shows the results of the performances obtained on uneven bars during the Team
and Individual National Championships of Juniors , Onesti, 03 – 04.06.2017. The individual
performances (difficulty, execution and final score), the value of the statistical indicators and
also the statistical significance at p<0.05 were presented.

Table 5. Results of the performan ces obtained in uneven bars event
Full
name Difficulty,
points Execu tion,
points Final score ,
points
M.L. 3.500 8.633 12.133

Discobolul – Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy Journal
S.S. 4.200 7.933 12.133
P.L. 4.000 7.900 11.900
B.V. 2.800 8.733 11.533
P.M. 3.000 8.100 11.100
mean 3.500 8.259 11.759
SEM 0.27 0.17 0.19
SD 0.61 0.39 0.44
Cv % 17.37 4.78 3.76
Chi 12.52
P-Value 0.0019
Note: S.E.M. – standard error mean; S.D. – standard deviation; Coef. Var. – coefficient of variation; ChiSqu are
– nonparametric Kruskal -Wallis Test.

Following this research, the authors proposed a linear and branching algorithmic scheme for
the improvement of the double salto piked dismount (Fig. 2).

Figure 2. Linear and branching algorithmic scheme for learning the back double salto piked
dismount off the uneven bars .
S – purpose of learning : learning of the uneven bars dismounts – back double salto tucked, piked and tucked with
360° twist ; SP –pedagogic al tasks : 1) Learning of the crossing over the low bar technique in the first sub -phase
(SPh1) of the preparatory movement and completion of th e back giant circle in SPh2 as body launching posture
(PL). 2) Learning to conduct body posture multiplication (MP) tucked , piked and tucked with 360° twist in the
basic movement phase . 3) Learning of standstill landings . EP1 – EP4 – sequences of learning material ( aiding
exercises ): EP1 -2 – execu tion of body launching posture (PL); EP3 – exerci ses to develop skills for MP in tucked ,
piked and hanging layout position and flight . EP4 – exercises to develop skills for standstill landing . EP1.1 – EP4-
1 – additio nal sequences with aiding -preparatory character : EP1.1 – 2.1 – exercises to develop the movement of
arms and whole body during the efficient performance of exercises in supported and hanging position . EP3.1 –
exerci ses for development and improvement of the body orientation in space (trampoline and foam pit – trampoline
complex ). EP3.2 – exercises to develop skills for execu tion of the tucked, piked and layout salto and double salto
tucked on the floor . EP4.1 – exerc ises to develop the muscles strength of legs and back ; exercises to develop skills
for mechanical taking over of the contact with the floor at landing (damping ). C1- C4 – control, cor rection of the
learning proces s: C1 – 2 – from handstand, back giant circle, execution of bar release in optimal position ; C3 –
assessment of execution technique of MP in the double back salto tucked ; C4 – performance of back double salto
tucked from the table for deep jumping with standstill landing on mats ; execu tion of d ouble salto from trampoline
with standstill landing on mats . RÎ – result of learning : performing double back salto dismounts (tucked , piked
and tucked with 360° twist ) with a score not lower than 9.0 points.
Discu ssions
The research purpose was to investigate the optimal kinematic characteristics in order to
better the uneven bars dismounts .
This scientific approach entailed the organiza tion of a case study in which participated 5
junior gymnasts aged 13 -15 years , memb ers of the Romanian junior national team, within the C1 C2 C3 S SP EP1 EP2 EP3 EP4 RÎ
C4
EP1.1
EP2.1
EP3.1.
EP4.1
EP3.2.

Discobolul – Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy Journal
Olympic Training Center of Deva. The biomechanical study was conducted in competitive
conditions, during the National Gymnastics Championships of Juniors , Onesti, 2017 .
The video computeriz ed method was used to perform the biomec hanical analysis of the
uneven bars double salto dismount in competition conditions. The angular characteristics of
body segments in the technique key elements were measured using Kinovea program (table 1) ;
the kinem atic characteristics were evaluated with the help of Physics tool kit program (table 2) .
The biomechanical indicators necessary for the technical analysis, the spatio -temporal
indicators (segmental trajectories) and the angular velocity were highlighted .
The optimal spatio -temporal characteristics of body segments during the execution of the
double back salto piked highlight the supported rotational motion (MRS ) in the preparatory
phase (SPh1 and SPh2) of the following segment s: foot, CoM and shoulders and the rotational
motion without support (MRNS ) with basic phase (MP1,2,3) and concluding phase (CP) –
landing (fig. 1 a ) and b).
The averages of the studied indicators were calculated on the basis of the individual data;
the comparative multiple analysis between indicator s was made using Parametric Multiple
Comparisons Tukey -Kramer Test (McHugh, 2011) . The analysis results revealed insignificant
differences of the spatio -temporal indicator s (p > 0.05) and angular velocity (p > 0.05); the
comparison between indicator s showed significant differences at p < 0.001 (tables 3 and 4).
Our concerns on the biomec hanical study focused on the biomechanical characteristics of
the uneven bars dismounts (Potop, 2014; Potop, Timnea , Mihaiu, & Manole, 2014) and on the
biomechanical characteristics of the transfer in the rotational movements on uneven bars
(Potop, Grigore, Timnea, & Ulareanu, 2014) . A mathematical modelling of the biomechanical
characteristics of the dismounts off une ven bars was made (Potop, Mihaila, & Urichianu,
2015) . The comparative analysis of the biomechanical characteristics of sports technique used
in dismounts and the performances achieved by junior gymnasts in uneven bars events were
also approached (Potop, Timnea, & Stanescu, 2017). The influence of the physical training on
the technical execution of the uneven bars dismounts was analyzed as well (Potop & Cretu,
2018).
The analysis of the specialized literature highlights the biomechanics studies that also
involve didactic implications . For the improvement of the back giant circle and dismount
techniques, there were used some means selected on biomechanical criteria, individualiz ed as
needed , for solving certain tasks meant to improve the execution in parts, connections, phases
and postures (Crețu, 2004; Hunter & Torgan, 1983 ). The approach of the comparativ e
biomechanical study of the front giant circle in the dismount off the uneven bars seems to be
similar to the ” traditional” technique used by some male gymnasts (Hiley & Yeadon, 2005) . It
was also investigat ed the optimal technique in the presence of motor system noise (Hiley, &
Yeadon, 2016).
The assessment of the technical training level on uneven bars was made by comparing the
results of the optimal kinematic characteristics of the double salto piked dismounts (tables 3
and 4) and the score obtained in competition (table 5) . Based on these ob servations, a linear
and branching algorithmic scheme was developed in order to improve the key element s of the
dismount technique and to get a better score for the execution of the competition exercise
(Potop, 2015).
Conclu sions

Discobolul – Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy Journal
The research results highlighted the angular characteristics of body segments in technique
key element in accordance with the deductions specific to the apparatus and the composition
deductions .
The i dentifica tion of the dismount key elements based on the individual data and the
synchronization of the spatio -temporal characteristics reveal ed differences in the trajectory of
the segments and the amplitude of the motion .
The optimal kinematic characteristics of the double salto dismount off the uneven bars
highlights the MRS with the preparatory phase , the MRNS with the basic phase (MP) and the
concluding phase (CP) – landing .
The use of the video computerized analysis necessary for the biomechanical study of uneven
bars dismounts technique contributed to a more thorough knowledge of the technique key
elements.
Highlighting the optimal kinematic characteristics of the studied parameters and i ndicators
helped to create the linear and branching algorithmic scheme needed to improve the technique
of the uneven bars dismounts.

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