Cross -professional collaboration [603996]

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HIV AND DRUGS
Cross -professional collaboration

2018
VIA University College

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Contents
ABSTRACT : ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ……………. 3
INTRODUCTION: ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ……. 3
PROBLEM AREA – ABOUT THE RIGHTS IN ROMANIA CONCERNING HIV AND RELEVANT
DRUGS FOR MY CASE: ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………. 3
PROBLEM FORMULATION ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. …………………. 4
DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS: ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………. 5
THEORY AND METHOD ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ……………………… 5
Methods of c ollecting data: ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ……………………… 6
MAIN SECTION ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………. 6
THE CASE ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ……………….. 6
b)THE ANALYTICAL ELE MENT: ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………… 7
c) The assessment element – Specialists who can be involved in solving the case and how they will do
this: ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. 7
OPPORTUNITIES: ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ……. 9
BARRIERS: ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ……………… 9
d) The action orientated element: ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ……………. 10
CONCLUSION ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ……….. 10
Bibliography ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ………………………….. ……………. 11

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ABSTRACT :

In Romania, the topic of Sexually Transmitted Disea ses (STDs) such as HIV, AIDS has been a
concern for the Romanian doctors since the 1980s. The first country in Europe to announce the
emergence of an HIV case of the Surveillance Center HIV -AIDS in Paris was Romania in 1985.
After 1990 Romania ranks first in Europe due to the high nu mber of children diagnosed with
HIV. Currently, the number of children diagnosed with HIV has diminished.
Another problem faced by Romanian specialists is that of drugs. Drug s use has had negative
effects on the lives of children and adolescents. An alar ming increase in drug use in Romania
was recorded in 2007. Since then, there have been declines and rebounds due to the
implementation of laws in the country introduced by the government. Thus, through the decision
of the Government No. 461 of May 11, 2011 on the organization and functioning of the national
anti-drug agency, a reduction in drug use was achieved in Romania.
In this paper we will talk about sexually transmitted diseases, with a stronger focus on HIV and
about preventing drug use especially among adolescents, about how professionals can solve the
problem by and through which methods.

INTRODUCTION:
In my work, I chose to talk about HIV and drugs because it is a big problem among young
people in Romania and other countries. Because of the wr ong mentality that some p arents have,
they do not talk with their children about sexual contact, prevention, or drug use, being a TABU
topic. Also, many teachers feel that the family has the role of educating them in this regard and
that it is not their jo b. Many families believe that the Internet and the media can replace a formal
education in this respect.

PROBLEM AREA – ABOUT THE RIGHTS IN ROMANIA CONCERNING HIV AND
RELEVANT DRUGS FOR MY CASE :
ABOUT ROMANIAN LAW ON HIV AND RELEVANT DRUGS FOR ME :

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When we talk about sexually transmitted diseases, we think of several types, but I decided to talk
about HIV, being relevant to my case.
According to the law in Romania, people living with HIV benefit from certain social protection
measures such as:
– Right to work ;
– Professional promotion ;
– Right to education and their integration into education without being discriminated against ;
– Right to orientation or professional reorientation ;
– Monthly allowances ;

According to the law NO. 584/2002 Art.18 says th at the Ministry of Education and Research
promotes in schools the development of a proper attitude and the creation of a convenient place
for the people infected with the HIV virus.
When you have the HIV virus in your body you can have the following symp toms: difficulty of
concentrating, fatigue, personality disorders, d epression, and lack of appetit.
The ways you can get HIV infection are: unprotected sex, contact with the blood of the infected
person, from mother to fetus, injectable drugs.
According to the Romanian drug law approved in 2018, it is allowed to consume legal drugs
that do not have a very serious effect on the person. Also, there are shops that sell legal drugs,
which is a very bad thing, with young people having access to them because they don’t pass
through control when someone comes and buys drugs.
The above mentioned laws will help to better understand the case presented below.

PROBLEM FORMULATION
What are the professionals who can work on this case?
How will they be able to work better together to solve this case?
What dilemmas can the specialists face in this case and how will they solve these dilemmas?
How will cooperation help in solving the case?

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DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS:
HIV – is a virus that affects white blood cells, attack s the immune system, so people become
victims of disease or infection. In the case described below, the teenager is infected with this
virus and has many symptoms. The presence of depression makes his condition even worse.
DRUGS – are natural or synthetic substances that alter imagination, attention, behavioral and
emotional disturbances. My subject consumes legal drugs which will influence her activity at
school, and due to HIV, her situation gets worse.

THEORY AND METHOD
The model, theory, and method I have chosen are Bronfebrenner's model of Human
Development, Taxonomy of Affective Objectives (after Krathwohl, Bloom, Hastings,
Madaus), and the method D'Amour and Oandasan (2005) about interprofessional working .
From my point of view, these 3 can help sp ecialists solve my case dilemmas.
Bronfebrenner's model of Human Development refers to human development over time. He
has created four ecological systems with which a perso n can interact from the closest to the
furthest. From my point of view, the specialists can work very well with this model because the
child is in the center and the others surround it, which makes the specialists to work better to
have a good result on the individual.
The taxonomy o f affective goals (after Krathwohl, Bloom, Hastings, Madaus) is a theory
that has in his view behavior classes which the individual can have in his affective field.
From reception, reaction , appreciation, organization to appreciation characterization. This
taxonomy can help specialists to better track the evolution of the individual in the affective field,
from the beginning to the end of the process.
The method of D'Amour and Oandasan (2005) on interprofessional work focuses on the
work of professionals, their collaboration and mutual understanding. This method addresses 3
factors: systemic factors, organizational factors and interactional factors. By this method, the
specialists will have a better collaboration becau se they will consider more goals such as
professional language, codes of conduct, socialization and value.

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Methods of collecting data:
DOCUMENT ANALYSIS/Specialized literature analysis :
Before looking for information on sexually transmitted diseases and drugs, I heard about them
in the media and in schools. Only an image of these subjects I had in my mind. When I decided
to talk about these 2 issues in my case, to better outline my information I searched for books and
specialized articles, and I also turned to specialized medicine. They helped me to identify the
true effect that drugs have on the body and also helped me make a very good difference between
sexually transmitted diseases, especially between HIV and AIDS.

MAIN SECTION
a)The descriptive e lement:
THE CASE
I will present you the case of John, 17 years old in Romania. He is a student in a 12th grade to
high school chemistry specialization. His parents have a tattoo salon, and John frequents the
salon daily after high school hours because he likes tattoos very much and wants to learn how to
do them. He had a normal life until he met Ileana . Ileana has the HIV virus, and John does not
know this. She is part of an entourage where legal drugs and not only, are consumed. He made
unprotected sex with her without knowing much about the methods of protection because his
parents never talked to him about s exual education. After that, John started consuming drugs at
Ileana’s insistence. He started to skip school and have poor results. John went to do his blood
tests because he wanted to work at his parents' tattoo parlor, after he became of age, where he
found out he was infected with HIV. He went into depression when he heard the news. The
teachers noticed that John is no longer attending the classes and decided to call him and bring
him to school. He told the professors about his problem with drugs and HIV and that he was
confused.
The first dilemma will be between the school principal and the teacher because the director
wants to expel John when he hears that he has the HIV virus but the professor is supporting John
and the state laws are in her favor, the director is unable to expel him because he has HIV but
wants to expel him due to many absences.

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The second dilemma will be between professionals, especially between a doctor and a
psychologist, because John is in depression and the psychologist wants him to take depression
drugs, but with HIV pills, they do not have a very good effect on John according to other
doctors.

b)THE ANALYTICAL ELEMENT:
The first dilemma is between the school principal and the teacher. The director wants to
expel John be cause he has HIV, due to the fact that there is a chemistry High school where there
are a lot of sharp instruments in laborat ories and he thinks it is a big danger to others. He also has
into account the image of the school and he does not want the media t o know that in his high
school there are drug -using students. The teacher does not agree and is supported by the state
laws mentioned at the beginning of the paper. Because he cannot expel John for having HIV, the
director wants to expel him because he has many absences, which is accepted by state laws. A
struggle begins between him and the teacher, and finally the director gives the teacher a chance
to sort out the situation, thinking that John is in the 12th grade and is about to finish high school.
The second dilemma is closely related to the first because it is the Professor who asks the
help of the specialists, with the consent of John's parents, to begin a teamwork process and solve
the problem. The dilemma will be between specialists, especially between the doctor and the
psychologist. Below I will introduce the specialists involved in solving the problem and solving
the dilemma between the psychologist and the doctor.

c) The assessment element – Specialists who can be involved in solving the cas e and how
they will do this:
1.The Doctor and the psychologist
The double dilemma is between a doctor and a psychologist because the doctor will administer
the HIV medication to the boy and will keep him under observation, but the psychologist knows
that the boy is depressed and wants to administer depression medications. According to specialist
medicine, the two drugs together do not have a very good effect on John, but will help him get
over depression. The dilemma will be: Do we need to take both m edicines or should we take
more care of his or her health and find another solution?

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After many research in the field of medicine and psychology, I came to a possible answer,
namely that the psychologist should give up the drugs of depression and manage to overcome
depression with the help of the other professionals that I will mention below. This means a much
greater involvement of other specialists.
2. The Teacher
• Encourages John not to drop out of school;
• He creates a pleasant environment in class ;
• Can keep in touch with the doctor, counselor, psychologist and family about the evolution of
the boy at both intellectual and behavioral level ;

3. Family – Bronfebrenner's model
• Helps him regain confidence in him ;
• They are with him in his evolutionary process ;
• It supports both morally and financially ;

4. Friends – Bronfebrenner's model
• They are helping him ;
• They will not reject him when they find out the news;
• They will help with t he social reintegration process;

5. The School counselor
• Evaluate and observe John's evolution with sp ecific tools for his occupation;
• He makes John to talk more about his problems;
• Guiding for group counseling with other participants who h ave a similar problem like John;

6. ACTIV E NGOs in the HIV/AIDS field
• Have information about HIV/AIDS in sch ools and in specialized centers;
Promote a healthy lifestyle;
• I am talking about methods of preventing transmission of diseases through sexual contact;
• I am talking about sexually tra nsmitted diseases in schools and the effects the y have on the
individual's life;

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• People who are infected with HIV/AIDS have the opportunity to go to NGOs to provide them
with more information about their illness;

7. ANTI -DRUG NGOs
• Provides psychology and counseling s essions to people in this state;
• Campaigns to Promote Schoo ls – Say no to drugs in schools;
• I talk about t he effects of drugs on the body;

8. HIV and DRUG volunteers
• Help the individual to reintegrate into society ;
• Various outdoor activities ;
• Participate in school campaigns ;
• The individual in a non -formal settin g feels more opened and relaxed;

9. The police
• Can present the national laws on drug use and HIV in schools;
• Can do extra -school activities with students aiming at p reventing th e violation of the national
law;

OPPORTUNITIES :
– Analyze the problem in a holistic way ;
– Learning from others and learning new things ;
– Interaction with other people in the less known field ;
– Teamwork focused on a single topic ;
– Opportunity to know more variants of problem solving and dilem mas from different
perspectives;

BARRIERS :
– Specialists have different perspectives, which can lead to worse collaboration within the group;

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– Support your own point of view without considerin g what others s ay;

d) The action orientated element:
The best way to highlight cross -professional work is through the Bronfebrenner model and
through the method of D'Amour and Oandasan (2005) on interprofessional working as follows:
– It is important to know the individual ;
It is important to know who the individual interacts with and how they can help in the
development process ;
– Communication, understa nding and teamwork is important;
– Atten tion centered on the individual;

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, given all of the above, we can see that cooperation and teamwork is capital today
to solve a case. The work of specialists requires more focus on the individual and the
collaboration with other professionals.

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Bibliography
1. LAW 584 of 29 Oct ober 2002 on measures of to prevent the spread of AIDS in Romania and to protect it
people infected with HIV or AIDS / AIDS patients Official: No. 814/8 November 2002
2. LAW no. 48 of 16 January 2002 for the approval of the Ordinance
Government no. 137/2000 on the prevention and sanction of all forms of discrimination / Official Gazette:
Part I no. 69 of 31January 2002;
3. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article -detail?id=73057
4. http://www.ana.gov.ro/rapoarte%20nationale/Report_RO_2012.pdf
5. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article -detail?id=246153
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2639898/
7. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/5236
8. http://www.anzjsurg.com/SpringboardWebApp/userfiles/anzjs/file/Medicine%20and%20Surger
y.pdf
9. http://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780190493097.001.0001/med –
9780190493097