Corinne.chiorean@yahoo.it 418 Attitude Similarity In Three Generation Families 13 Nov 2017, 12 37 Text

ATTITUDE SIMILARITY IN THREE-GENERATION FAMILIES: SOCIALIZATION, STATUS INHERITANCE, OR RECIPROCAL INFLUENCE?* Jessen Gass Univer of Sar Dame ‘Vers L. BeNorson CuaaLorrE Cox DuNtiaw min of Southern Caljoma Ths suds examines hypotheses of amnude ranumisson dross three seolorical domains (ender roles. policy. religun) to accea the adequacy of dive! secat inbertance, nd reyprocal inuence models ina developmental aging peripectce. Data are from 2.068 individuals, members of three generation fms. Aro to form parentsouth (G2-G3) and grandparent paren (G1’G2) dyads. Ress supa. fst. that ‘there îs le convergence of poren-child aude wih age when viewed eros ectionaly Second, sans inberdonce preter do account for ‘absianiat amount of observed ‘purenschild similarity. but prenial eiades coninae 10 ieniceri predict childrens ‘riemtatons afer childhood. Tard. child inflences om parental ritul are relatively strong and sabie cros age groups. while parental ifuence decrees wih age, alhough he exact patern of influence vanes by amd domain. For many years, social theorists have consered the roe ofthe Tumi în maintaining coninui în social ieoleie overtime (Engels (1888), 1967, ‘Adorno etal. 1980; Panoas and Bales, 1955 ‘Thomas and Zraniech 198K Chodorow, 1978), ‘The resulung view of îe family a consevaine or example, doing the pce of socal change) and monolithic (nluensing inci tei fn forceful and consistent mater perhaps reached 8 mate eypession în tie atemps of some ‘evolutionary movements (such a in Cambodia e (China) to treak vp generatorul tes in ode 10 fer rapid seca change. And, în fat conempo- rary tech onthe intergeneration] tansy oF attudes Pas shown tht paren atu pecially mothers” sites, ae significa pos! tie predictors of entrance in adulbod AGE and Bengton. 1978; Benson, 1995 Dalton, 1980, Jennings and Nim, 198: Smith, 1983), However. this piston of the family as conservative and monolit ifaence ca. ‘eologial onentasons ha come under neresing scratmy among fay scholars a ey pot out the diversity of influences on chien and he compleiy of fanul relationships. n tis std, Wwe focus oa to base emca questions 1) How Adare al corspndence e ete Ga, Depa sme of ala. Unvesty of Nase Dane, Nae Tos dy, bd om i om oe USC Longa ‘tay of The Sonate Farin, Sas epg Oy [Pan fom te Nara mn et Aa (PA 980) ‘Spec arts got ch Mama Retard Miler and Bosae Pina er the ante veg te feta well as Boe anonyme ie ft het E Comment and eran, Awencan Seelepeu Renee much actual mil i social ideologies i found between Amencas parents and chiles at differnt Ponts across he Lf cycle? 2) Wha re the forces enerating tht smarty over be le cure? To ansber these question, we fs descnbe the ‘raion view of situ Warsmission denved fom childhood socalization theory. Then we expere conceptual entisms of the sociation faatigm fom alternative eoretcal penpestivs. Fly. we enpically examine the dynamics of ude arsmision using Responses to specific tial scale rom a sample of te generation fares. SOCIALIZATION THEORY AND DEVELOPMENTAL AGING raional conception of seism have viewed the family. seful) pets, a6 the pci agen of Sciiznion in childhood (Free, 1933 Enchson, 1980, Heilbron, 1968), One of the function of he fay sea as the provision of ubiey and continaty 10 individual members Families ae thought to provide sjtematic soca lax touph which ‘children are aug the mama of the social oder. Aritose simlanty ethees generations, from ths view. the ‘cemsequeace of succesful parea scitice of beliefs and value, Chien lear thei pares les. belies and anaes trough bot Sect leaching and inet observation, în prt ofthe infomation and udance that children eter actvely seek ut in Ge Puageuan tense) de fasively accep (ough social condoning) i maneuvering thet wy though e While childhood orala theres do nat icy adres e ue of patented venin 1884 Vol $1 (Ocuterceaa) se în adaktnod,’ the implicit assumption of ta ‘onal conceptaizaions hasbeen that hie socalizaion is 10. tense, polongeds ae Pchodynamialy important hte atts and ales formed inte fly cores pert well io atu (Catena. 198 Capo 168. ‘Adorno et 1950) Ths, n mph be expec ‘tat prem and chin would conte exo ide smarty acon Be Ife ous, tnd to mr aloo apă perapa dimming wth Aime ‘as the inenaty Of Panel coat ‘imiaithes ae “This atonal approach 1 scite as ten challenged by Scola in recent sears for fang to ares to portant uses. Fs fom 2 marosnactual oun of ew, pened nude smarty muy be vicncd more athe Fes scl forest genre the iertare (of socal sats an as BE proc of iia Prycho-social nfvence. On of de ceases în e mertaion of findings of parenechi ude simian whether sch lan ean be bulă 1 sucess pat socata. per Se. or whether it has more fo 0 with ceata ‘ergeneaion tarumieson of css rc, e {fous wliaion, maa sa, 208 eter prom ‘en socal Manac ht ctu Me epee nd fold socat nude! (Acock. 1982 What arenă tam maybe cca ses more an ‘Eves and sabes. În tus a sais n Social sucul poten may crete audi Smilies Between pares and acu chien ‘roof a common-ane tcc (pues nd culren have undergone silted. Shaping expences) “The second conceptual challenge 1 a8 art cally eaitonapenpecve salt he posi tat uniune în atte Seneca arent and chen could eqaly be dae to de Puse of chiens ate on tose of es Tens, especialy a chien age. The atonal Ferpectve on Matu fines en yung ea and ads and gre De posit of Sura una he fe coe by De ge mă development sages of the parent ad cies at tach pou în fe Magest, 1981, Featberman, 1963) Proponents ofan ineaca pepe (Beil and Waren 1977 Leora Spare, 198, Benge and Troll 1978; Hagesad, 1988) are ac cul cena fens Bee pe seh ge and at an to nel eget Tenatace as» area proce flowing fom uree lira ra be foncomenaly enone: E nce reciprocal ffs acct Guy a few wes, Macea have empcaly tested be even nene oct Wad rape 0 po coy pain Ma tm a Bethe on engin eta 1985) AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVII social ates. Hagestad (1484) nosed th abot cord of parents, and one tind of chiden punea acces nvece by cider in et fee generation sample. Anges (1975) Fad tat mothers of radial cllege wets changed ‘tei andes about cohabitation Bară thet nene Beaute Chafee etl (1071) pred that aolescets fluenced înce paren televn behave” Conouuy, tit of era il fence began in the Irate on infact development (Leu snd Renerbam, 1978), dept the fat that ‘lc elăren ate preamably max we apte of alering parents ated belt or Deas, Very lie is brown beat interpersonal de smlanty cow Be Ilespan o e forces eneaung milan past chidhond (Heng. et îi 1985). Some Mace emphasize the pce lance of urat child bonds acon sape ofthe Iie eye (Sharas, 1979, Troll eal 197%, ‘plying that sana srrpenertonal sm. în exit aro e le core ter empire Messy and change ia parent-child elene st ‘erent ages of he ie course Theones of evelopment sping Benet and Kaypers 1971, ess aod Waring. 1978 Moss ar ramona, i982, Bute. 1999, Ross, 1980) Supă at parents and chen have diferent mem în fam neutra and dierent Sources of power în temi inerte a8 they move ‘rough the Mle coune For example, Enrn mae adolescence may share few othe ‘Mak Stones Dat the pares old ad may be încap he developmental tsks of snsepencence and differentiation rom prea Econ, 1950) Such processes would suggest feels Larger absolute dscrepanctes Data parent and ata nara atata Ths poston implies tat social stats simianty® shold account fo e ‘Georg ofc huge er 1924 ha oro (Spates of poetei cotă ae ca arly friza Raped tai ‘hage tesco, arme ae enter Rt mo ee st Sesto mea Eai’e eonpronal oe of metre pr Ingen heat satus eo sere fay decane e eens fey pues Set ‘le x fore Ta hart change may et Ge pu ema teme dynamo sae îmi Vina for utc popes. a Sn eta a in opt 0 Sooner sage cs” ATTITUDE SIMILARITY IN FAMILIES. ely les ofthe relationship between parent ar stuldens atts at ts Port în the Ie ele, since young adul have not yt ataned mary of the seca uses hat itor ther parcat bis lew have mare or become poems, many have ‘ot finshed ther education an Rave bad ara ‘pporunie fr occupational achievement, ete) ‘With respect 10 the reciprocal taence between young aduls and ther paren, there reson 10 elite tht parental inucoce may sil fe quite strong at în stge, eave 10 child fluence From a socal exchange perspecuve, he aby of paren and children iaene each ter should fe detemnined by the mine resources and vant thar each bring 1 De neaction At ths sage, pares have ony recently ringed thet suthoty over ther chien, and young. alt ile may sil lyon thew pata for tteral Support and sundance. Moreover, young. aul have litle of the experience or fesoutes thal would enable them 1 inuence ther pres Bes Turning now to mileage chien and thet elderly parents developer ang perspective sugges tat a differen set of dynamics may barce ther elatonship. AS youth age, ey fae more Uhely to atin sol real postion Str to their parents wih fespect lo marta Status. meome Proper) aere etc. By mite. Chira have eset a ve of at Soul statues The fe expenences generated By (hese aul Tla are likely wo replace drt parental Influence in the modification of social ataes, However. this similanty of adult socul oes zarea the geerations may lead osul mea ferences hates between them în other Sorus, you uy. gradual come în hold views more Slr the pao as they ave eben of ther cun. buy propery. and coala fllime mployrent, albough eir parent inflcoce Goes ot dicey cause them wo ale thei bles ‘The respective developmental sages of made: aged children and ele pares suggea furber thatthe perm of nfuene Petween parent 26d ‘hcren may change over une. Midi aged ‘hc are în many aye a the height of Bet Setul power in indusa western seceta (ley. eal 1982), Aped pret în ner hfe, on the ater hand, may become mae dependent on thew mle aged cles for aie and toma. tion than beiore, reflecting bok physical deci ind 3 boss al power. In ths. content iy w ert) anes te mpa al apă xchange se ante Dia ovr te Ife stare hc owen fon op dats teu fale 2 yearn Tate tog nce ere {actor suggest that adult crea may ctesig)y fence eker’y parents over ine, wile elderly wens fluence on tet adult elena ate, ‘ay hive declised wince made Sumunay, i can be an that action views on scala have Ic pon the pce of tnsence ftom parent 10 child without adeguntely ‘considering the impact of iahered socal stats, ‘he pensii of rata nene and analy sos the life course due to developmenal apne More recent erate. sugges at ateude ‘wansmission may indeed be ual and sreanded în social ane steal mew (Elser. 1988). Toe egean and dference between pares ant chien wil be affected by the dynamics of mutat influence and developmenal change, Re. Epoca nfluence wil also be played ot within a ‘oder usura and torial context, Keeping. ia mină de imporance of bod evelopment change and mutual influence, we have selec te atidial domains for say — religous seolgy. political ology. and gener ‘Geology. Tre ieclogcal areas, exer than one, ere selected oth to est e generali) of te evelopnetial aging perspective outined bere toa Sen of social unul, and voi bea) Fence one particular conte sea i adress- Ing broad conceptual sues im atte Wanss- Son. Attouph variability of results actos. at tudes cles e cused i not the pimary foes of ths. paper. Empincal teach on religious, political ard gender teolgy has tended 1 show! Bot moderate inegeneatonal iesise and Satan cet of varying sizes (Bergson and ‘rol 1976). Prox esearh on religious cler at demonarsted macerat în igh pătate ‘preement (zeci. 1984, Wein. 1975, Hope et ȘIR) an small bt iris age cobon “erence in religous ology (Hyean, 1959) ‘Although te Irae on political socata is too extene io review hee, iei generally Teint Bat wansmisson î moderate for plist ‘Geology enaings asd. Nemi. 1968, 1982) Finally. recem sues of gender role aces taca eta 1976, Thoma eta 1983) show that while idee across age cohorts hve Nerd inthe past 20 yeas. younger age clar hive changed thei opin to a much greater ‘enter hun older age cohors. Smit) ară Sei! (1980) fepon only munc uanaminion of gender Few Prem Dece have mute fem semene soe ang eee az a ue (Gosia, oh Mow waa ort Se metale în 2 poco bean any tad ing in ea, Howe tm eiaaices 8 ‘Shen ed we pee temps eer een tei alain Te peace ers Et ‘Scandic ae mia sabe oie duel SE tegen ae a scoeg fom moder do gtr în a cole tangle Over ese să upset sie ‘arbi mgt cent sel changes on ‘aes ante Sanson i be tee es Gal ge no pm a de a Fender elgy lowed 7 pial Si) tod rego esa) In oc înce flow, we fu on tice mare hypotese. The fi pete at ley pens ad the miorita show slr mean Area acon all tee Soma of ster han aie ped uta thee young. adult chien i eer weds uty of pass snd chien ca wi ne Bot etl spn ad saan bet ace explanation seg sae ce er from dr gente ade aout tal cita tery opps ape ae Sere sid se Development hones mpi te eels of pou Oey Somat ro scpawe and cabin eps from ter pues Av chien move ino at foes an eatin et independence, i ed în difeenise vera trom Der pote Aces. Tasos esa este ow fer erase penca parti Sood at mone a te foes peeing piei ‘ase Ama To. denar brew fect gu ater rei aay ‘ur second hyper, Ea ut para’ Sea ae o cept rw ate, er convoig fr cent ora! ical at Hever, pret floes ‘Conlin fr wc xan) tă be wer or căt peer dan for middeaped parr: teectng te smn ent of pace arta Ce tot apti tye toy of sar ertence mpa Oat at ‘fc sal inne wath aes cen tke ol ls vn hve ck pn a Suto Taul. e post of sira nfaese masi be agate mare hat Be con ‘Ecvon of paren ee me comet specie. Te ariel Pee eb ha n cir come her they ae beta ie 0 Infuse er pues Ther cu th acea nt cid ones on pre TS cee wih ages ne pre Site on iar tags die wt ae “fice hve tua ae peromed 1) coat sso of sue dence betwee Been at one inna sues (pineal elon ek car mle Ses) grata {SS pacha ate ace sa a8 his ioe sce, ih and widow demon Inder of iu tal was) sce Si modem fo pet nd hd ae SEelas cseuve era. Theis ‘pis irene a of see urat in arin scene pentane AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW within fais. The second analysis auempts to sentangle the eects of adult children’s social sutura postion (which may be quite similar în tie pret) rom he effects of parental tits per se on adult chiarea’s animes The tied ali adresses the question of espn elects in atade wansmisson, consoling forthe effete of Socal stu varables on inut ve. Sporses This ani compare be mate anc piane of Rae ela vera Shi porni imhuence. and Compari pater of ince in dyads actos generational positions the mi METHODS Sample Selecnce The data fr this nays ae based on responses for 2044 individuals drawn fom a roate sd of hee generations conducted n Souter Calor faa în 1973. The sample was drawn fom a Popalaon of $40,000 members of a Lo Angels (za health ewe plan (Gesenbed în Bergson. 1075). To be eile fer iaclusion in the orginal sampling fame, members bad 1 have been males ‘over 65 witht east ne grandchild between 16-26 yeas of ape. Sample construction proceeded by ending quesonnaveso al elle Bandera between 16-26 thes pres. an elated rand. ns î he ong sampling fame, 77 percent of ‘Ge prandparens (Gl) had only ore elogiul ‘hid espnd, anther 20 perceat had two ches pană. Among be pets (G2), 48 percent had ly on hd espnd, 38 percent ad fo, and 13 [erent had thee or mare. Although nota random umple. this sample ces epesent a wide group of Indwidals om vata eth, economic and esti tuchgrounds. The sample is” generally Iepreentine ef whie, economically cable middle: and working las families. Tis sample îns an adnanage Over some cher studies of e generate families which have drawn their Sample from among colege sens and their fparens. The mean age ofthe grandpuest genera: fon (GI) is 67 1. Mean age for the parea [generation (G2) n 43.4, mile mean age forthe ‘Sat child generation (G3) 519°. Anizdes nd opens were measured în a self-sdmaisere. mailed questonare which had {Frepome rte of 70 perete (N = 204) overall 3 feneratons. The quetonntes were tales în two waves 4 period of st months elapsed between the mating of the fint and second wave. The telipiovs and politcal tems were meavared a the firt wave, Besuse he response rte on theses ‘wane wan somewhat sulle the sumer of eases {hed i the constuction and analysis of the gender „deco ae n somewhat sealer (N= 1585) Comparison of respondent and fon respondents fon ape. ducuian, ea. and income revealed 99 ATTITUDE SIMILARITY IN FAMILIES significant anton bias beeen he neo panel Dyad Season Antes coacerig thee substantive ares (pol Sul. ger and gender Keologen) were com pared i ode to determine the illerences between ent and ei crea a diferent sags ofthe Frecoune in tese are. This ua accomplished ty the consracton of dyad comparisons in which the summated scores of he chen on hese Hens ‘ee subtreted fom thse ofthe pet. Because Wee ae suine ree-genernton fneages, t40 ‘ppeco pac exit în i analysis, The fs st of Gyade comined of fit and second generation (GLGR “parens and children (NT: the Second see the second and Mint generation runing (02-03) (N= 1008), We ae comparing tbe opinions and ato of grndparens (GI trite opinions and steeds of parent (G2). a SE ae comparing te opnwns sod atten of parents (G2) wih those of prancchilren (G) Because every child n e sample was compared to ‘each putting pura. some responders were ‘ered soo the aula ore than nce (a be {ase of fami with more than one child or mare ‘has one purest reaping 1 te survey) A tol at 1983 dye were eoncied forthe analysis SApprosimuely 48 percent of te dyads comin ‘ier a patent or child cară that has seară 35 Such elgubez inthe remaining dacs. 30 percent Of the a contain both a Parent and 3 child Fevowd that have aeaty appeared în pe sample of Sats Approximately 9 percent of the dyads ‘onan purest records hate epicated mare than ‘ce in oer șa în the sample. This ove ‘presentation of some dyad members present the foeml for stenion of the cseibaion that Ta nt occur otbersice However, a silat Stie procedure wan employed by Acock and Berca (198) ing these sare daa: bey tested the Cere to which such camping: epica frou in any ierte oe deceae nthe level of predict and fund did na “The lack of independence among te sampling unis isa senoustaue, However, each pren-child had în în ungue wnt of alis that is ot plicated even though one member may apeat ‘pure tan once in the Wl sample of dyads. Noto include the duplicated member dys woud ao ave the effect of undenepresenting age fais {Sul two para families. feet opune the Fepreenttiveness of he sample. The aur of be ‘its collection process im ths survey preclades ‘ens elimination of epicated member yas. Such Sr eiimuranon press would effectively hale the sample MEASUREMENT From the atiude and opnioe items witin dhe fried qoesonaie hee duet sales, meat ing eee subsunane ares, were used. The items inbese seals have a forced choice, Liken type feat wth four response option tat ange frome Song age to arome disagree. Fac analysis tte tied in order fo determine how the sakes eu în contact from Des ems. One ante of this procedure îs that sale sore ‘Sompanions could be made in order © înot the Scania of cela that occus when wing vagi tem comparisons (Bobrnstedt and Carer, 971. Once appropriate items for inclusion were canin fer exch sale, scule scores ete ‘omputd by siding to relevant lems topeher and vid the result ty tbe tal number of nem ST, ean cară e comple ers ‘Gender Welory Scale (ut of 12 posible question hat might have been Aivloed te scale measuring gender colo. Fee had high factor losing. These ters and et factor londings forthe et sample are: „Wives ‘Soul bey their shands” (62) „Men cannot fespect & face who has had sex” (45): ioan should have the mansa in manage”. (60%. „Womens” ib makes sense” (33), and “Women shoul ot have aha over men (AS), Coffiient alpha was used as a measure of vata foreach ofthese sales forthe overall umple as well as fr each generatia. The alpha efficients for the overall sample, Gl. G2. and Gh ae 72, 62, 72, and 75 repete. Baie tach generation represen a unique postion witin the image, factor coefficients Dy evertion were examined as well The factor fcatings followed a umar putem for each enerton Religious Ideology Seale “Te religious ideology scale (reeing comer tive Catan epinions) concis four ners ith high factor loadings. For the total sample, the faster loadings for each tem ame “Every child boule have religious iastution™ (60) „God ‘exits asin the Bile” (90) „The United Stes Soul be beter if religion had mare influence” 7%; and “We are all decenden of Adam and Eve” (76), Coefficient spa foreach peneatea forth scales 5 (G1). 85 (G2) and 83 (G3), The oa suple rea îs 8S Political Ideology Seale ‘Te factor loadings for the five items in his scale tre “The United Stats sould be ready to ase any challenge to ity power, anyubere În the Sod (38), „Student demonstatrs deserve ‘Soest punishment possible” (38), Societe ton important sk slow and orjer” (68), „18 e a mana dur o work îs sn to be le” (59) mă „Most people on welfare ar lay: they jut ‘won’t do a good day’s work and so cannot get rar 36) The alpha coefficients for Gand G3 ae somewhat ow (Gl=.62, G2>.72, and 3= 66), However, dropping oe iter fom te ‘cae would have tncreaed Unreal, 20 the fie ve jie sale was reies Wid to Sample teiabity of 67. Unfomunaely, bot this Scale andthe reliious deiogy scale conan aly „ems tht are worded i a conservative econ, ‘alsin the possibilty that response biases exist. ‘Mean sale scores by enration for each inut sal are shown i Appeodit 1. Nowe Bat N’s are somewhat smaller for tbe gender ology scale, ue 1 the lower response rate on wave B Scores on all te atm sales increase With eneratonl posi, indicating pete cetera: fim în lier generatona cobora. Dilereces between the generations were statically semi cant across the tee seas (F = $7.56 for politcal Weology, F =” 10.03 for gender, F = 19.37 foe religious ideology) Social Stats Variables Factory that are assumed 10 snvence one’s ‘opinions and atirude conceming eigen genet ideala. and polical sues clude” cerain emures of social sas Gr can be used 10 esr an individual’s eapenences and inerea ‘within society. 1 assumed tare expenenses Implied by such vanales as mal sus and ender, for example, ave an impact upon e Stiudes and opens that one helds regarding these iau In is analysis, eight soci sas variables were wed 10 predict diflereaces in side aod opinion Betaeen Pret and ehldeen ‘These vanables ae: gender, age, mantl sis, number of chieren, occupational peste, labor orce puri pasca. edscasona sfanmeni, and income. The vanables of ioe force sath and ‘antl satus were cichotomiaed isto working ce fBon-wosking and marie or non-mared. Oscepa ‘onal presige mas measured with Duncan’s occupanonal prestige sors. Educational tai: ‘ert and incom were Both measted by Ona seals, containing more than seven catepan. RESULIS Trends în Genesio! Simiriny Hypotheses 1 predicted larger generational dir fences between youth and the pars than eeweer moddleaged adults and the parents. Inspection of Table 1 indicated that this was not tue across the thee scales, None of the dad Sonate were sulsiclly significant, meanag That thee no evidence from ths be suggest try convergence im aides between adjacent fnerations with age. Contrar 10 our onigial AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW Tale 1. Mean Abate dterences teen Geer Pal 1D Gender 1D Relig ID rr II II [i oo [i Li Gatun” ea % pi Mate ob os ay ais aes noma) 95 ss e Taber & 9 o as gn om Camine 6h 6 Nore os os ayy Tarte TI 7 E aa a ooh ey fam EI sa i om Fe «i Dap a Mots! Danger Gorm © TEs impor o ote tat în result may arise au ofan unspecified cohon elect. Older cobora tay have ented adună with smaller parent. Eni diflerences than modem cobors, Bo tine Since childhood has increased thse parent-child IE IN e vont sa 8 ry 7 Ei Loteria 1p IL-0 1m Handeck a Salonen Theory and ‘Acc, Al. 1964 “Pues a Pee Cates: De Roua edad by Dood Ay Genin Cheap ‘Susy of er Generton Ince Sry nd _ Ran Mealy Sco Recea 68 31-71 (tae, Spee Hck M_MeLead an Cas K. ‘Aesch Alan Cand Ver L Benn, 1980. “Sec. A. D9 Fatal IER Ata stor and Attn Panes Aca Pecesed Mada Ue“ Areas Bearer Set NEI Sica, Annei Peers and Yow dewnal of Chiou, Nancy 97. The epracuan of Moder Mame onde Fons 0519-90 „nt Bâc Lena of Ca re ‘Aero, Teen i om a 1980 The Auhortanen al, Ravel J. 198, Reset Peal Sci: Perna New You Harr ‘scm iaca Ceata Nea Geese ‘pion, Sioa I87S.buegreaion momen od Tans „fran Pi Sen Renee 30831 31 „Size cearcane here oung alt and thee Bis, Glen Hee. IN Chlsim be crea Sosea „apie PD dsetnn UnvertyDrpenson. Chicago Unvety f caps Pres Chicago, mana e Nanas Deeopnen Tots. Fares, Ke ed Lie Crane: A Bates, Paul AES “Lie Spun Deagu Sea eat Po 8-18 tava A Poate, Some Comer Overars My Chit Brennen Reet Vol? The Font 1p and Pen Pp ore Lie Spon Dep. Da Beni Vol, ed Pa Bats a (ie Br Nea York Acces re 1987. The Orin of ne Fans Bet Robe wd LV. Wager 197. Child fc ot “Ast New York: Wie. ‘on Paar, Beagice, Ver 1978, “Generton ané Fay Erinn, Ent IO Chen and Sc New ot ‘hee a Vue ocna Anei Soren, “Noto cu aere d ti Ferman, Dad L198. Life Sun Penpeana a Bespuee, Ver L Nel E Cate, Dana) Mucgen, Stai Sete Reward” PT ‘Vise Mai ms “Geerons, Cars, Deal ed Beane, vet 8 atte by Pst 8 nd Beunore Buna Age Grou Pp Sotia Baie ind One Bm, New Yer Aces Monat of Ae onde Saal anina Prt ote Baal aot el Shins New Yor Van ude Suna 1999. New Janay temea Noun Reta Copa Puneti New Yor Nance Bergen, Vern Land Toph A. Keygen. 1971. Goi, Band A 0%. Mandel of Satana ‘Groaioe Dulce ant he Documentul Thar and Beer Chicago ard MeN ate Apa end Haman Deeoprs 228-0) Magan, Guth 198.“ sad Pose capu, Vem La Lun Trl 17H. Voia e Sc Pye of beter Resse “Ther Paes Feat and Inerpeersies Inf: Pp Ith Apt” Shay and Ce oe ccm Sei „Pp 218-401 Chis furnes Fem eta ty Rabon W. Foe, lone Hae Dn Mar să Fam) bran A Lifespan SnD. Kiet, and Ebel Shas Rew York Pompei, sed y Rcdrd M Let we Gabon Acne Pres Span’ New Yok Ace rn Tot Te Contnea Bend A Byte nea Gm tT ct Cw, Time eee Par Be “Rosa n agree na P-ta hone hee Agu Tp ESSE aes Sceclopial Meme esac by Het Lv Symon am Chi Pate eld 9 Mae Coane Si Fran ou Ba, mer New Yer Eat os estrus Au 811988. “A Enea Test of tbe Modking oo of See Lean Chit Decspmen 789. Beh Bae San Wang 108 “Pe Chillin Laer Lie Retain te Recas Fp 2-78 i Chid uence on Mand ond Fry caini, et 9 Ricard M. Let Sd Gaon Spa New York Acea res Mesa. Nokon Fate, oun Aldo, Robert The Any of Connance ‘Snciaer_Goncnes of Fi Ini” Selon! 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Weng, Sapca G. 1995. „Ae Enna of mpenenroră Piers of Reps Bebe! and Prater aad Parte Scutul ata 30