Construction Of a Removable Boxing Ring

CONTENT

Argument

Chapter 1

Boxing rules and categories, the significance of the modern ring, famous boxing matches in Romania and abroad

1.1 Why the Boxing Ring is Square?

1.2 Evolution of the Boxing Ring

1.3 The boxing ring

1.4 A quick look through the ages

1.5 Safety is just as important

1.6 The core of the ring

1.7 Boxing in Romania

1.8 Gold belt

1.9 Boxing Rules & Regulations

1.10 Match Procedure

1.11 Standard Rules

1.12 Equipment

1.13 Professional Boxing

1.14 USA Boxing & Olympic Boxing

Chapter

Old and new boxing rings

2.1 Evolution of Boxing Rings

Chapter 3

Construction of a removable boxing ring

3.1 Boxing ring accesories

3.1.1 Floor sizes

3.1.2 Floor padding

3.1.3 Height

3.1.4 Ring access

3.1.5 Lighting

3.1.6 Corner support posts

3.1.7 Ring ropes

Fig.3.7 Boxing Ring Ropes

3.1.8 Corner cushion

Fig.3.8 Corner cushions3

3.1.9 Ring advertising space any and all

3.1.10 Stools & Buckets

3.2. Assembly stages

Design proposals for an innovative boxing ring, sketches and comments

4.1 Sketches and comments

4.2 2 in 1 Boxing Ring 3D Presentation

Conclusion

Argument

If you design a boxing ring, then what you get is a fight…

A 2 in 1 Boxing Ring. Being familiar with this subject, I chose to promote and optimize a Boxing Ring. Nowadays is really important to save space, time and money, having a 2 in 1 Boxing Ring in our gym we can save it. Instead of having two boxing ring, we should have 2 in 1, one for competition and another one for training, the competition one has a height of 910milimeters and the training on in measuring 400milimeters on the height.

AIBA, International Boxing Association impose a lot of rules about the Boxing Rings dimensions and components, that’s why there are not a lot of companies which want in innovate this important thing, in sport’s life.

The 2 in 1 Boxing Ring project came with some important changes, regarding necessary materials, pugilist’s comfort, gym’s space and invested money.

Mostly, this project refers to the professional boxing association because nowadays there we find both types of boxing ring and the managers of those clubs are the most interested to have it, main idea being to save money in space. Talking about amateur boxing, the competition ring in enough but not over a lot of time both kinds of rings will be imposed.

Unfortunately, in boxing rings does not represent a priority to the companies, and the principal reason is the competition between them, it is absolutely absent. Considering the boxing evolution in in recent years…and the problems we face because our weak conditions, watching the Boxing Rings, I have started to do an innovative one.

Talking about my project’s design, there are not a lot of things which can be modified, because oh the rules involved by the international federation.

Chapter 1

Boxing rules and categories, the significance of the modern ring, famous boxing matches in and abroad

“Life is like a boxing ring, you never know where the next blow is coming from, or when it will arrive.”

Rachel Smith

1.1 Why the Boxing Ring is Square?

The originals boxing rings were round when they were Roman, and like the Coliseum in , seats of the spectators were built around in stone seats so as to watch them fight it out to the end. Later, the ring was made to a square since boxing has evolved and the game does not end with one opponent killed. The corners were made to restrict them from killing each other. [1]

Square area, 2 men, 1winner. Definitely you have heard about this kind of sport, yes it is called boxing. This sport is about survival of the fittest and for sure a lot of plans, to kick the opponent before being beaten. Talk about boxing, let's set an eye to the arena, the ring that actually had an interesting fact. Boxing ring is often referred to by many as the only circle in the world that is square. Why don’t they just call it , boxing stage or boxing something? As answer we can find that “ring” was first applied not to the boxing area but to the spectators who formed a ring around the opponents. First of all the boxing ring was actually round. [1]

Fig. 1.1 A vintage boxing ring

The earliest show contact sports which have similarity to the modern day boxing were actually played on a round drawing on the ground. The purpose perhaps of drawing lines, as opposed to just freely fighting without any delimiters on the ground, is to keep the fighters in

a single location. And because of those lines, the spectators formed a ring around the opponents.

The first public boxing matches took place in early 18th century . These were bare-knuckled affairs with no time limits and no referees. Small arenas were built that featured rings demarcated by wooden barriers or heavy ropes. The winner was the last man standing.

The purpose of the ring became very clear. It was used as the starting point of the match where the two pugilists met at the beginning of the round. Since the boxing eventually became a sport, the using of wooden barriers considered dangerous for the fighters, so square shaped boxing areas were introduced only in the year 1838 by the Pugilistic Society. It constructed with four posts mounted on all four corners of the structure, and each side of the boxing ring are four ropes arranged in parallel and attached to the boxing posts using a technique called turn buckle, to ensure the safety. [2]

Fig. 1.2 A boxing ring with 3 ropes

1.2 Evolution of the Boxing Ring

Boxing as a sport has a very long tradition stretching throughout history. It has been used by many cultures in many eras as a method of sport, entertainment, betting and settling disputes. And though times have moved on the basics are still the same.

At start, for such a long period, the pugilists were playing directly on the ground, in time have appeared elevated boxing ring, from the start it was a square and it keeps its configuration since today.

1.3 The boxing ring

One such feature to have evolved with boxing as it has progressed is that of the boxing ring. They were, at first, simple chalk circles drawn onto the floor. This gave the boxers an actual platform in which to fight, defining the ground that they were able to use.

Fig. 1.3 Catching system in 3D modeling

1.4 A quick look through the ages

And as a method that didn't really change much for nearly two thousand years. It wasn't always chalked; sometimes they were delineated by rope, a dug moat, paint and various other methods. But the idea was always the same to keep the boxers within the 'boxing ring'.

It wasn't until the Pugilistic society first introduced the square boxing ring in 1838 that we started to see a development into the modern day rings. Slowly and surely these

square rings, keeping the name ring as a nod to the history of the circular rings, spread across the globe and are now the standard with all major boxing governing bodies. [3]

1.5 Safety is just as important

Modern boxing rings are now elevating platforms with many safety features as part of their makeup, showing the importance of safety in boxing these days. As boxing equipment has moved on so have the evolution of the ring.

Safety has become paramount in modern day boxing, with efforts made to ensure that as little injury is sustained by a fighter as possible. From boxing gloves that absorb part of the force of a punch to thick pads used for sparring.

Fig. 1.4 Main description of a modern boxing ring

1.6 The core of the ring

And the boxing ring is no different. There is a foam underlay fitted under the boxing canvass to help both cushion falls and give some noise reduction. The ropes are there to help stop boxers from falling off the raised boxing rings, and to cushion falls that are in that

direction. There are foam cushions of varying thickness on all the posts used to hold up the ropes. [4]

Everything is made a safety conscious as it can be in the modern day, and anyone considering buying needs to ensure that they are buying one that meets very vigorous safety specifications. A far cry from the basic chalk circle on a stone floor approach seen throughout history, but one that will help to ensure that the sport of boxing continues and grows. Something the boxing ring is doing a vital job in doing.

1.7 Boxing in Romania

Nowadays sports performance reached unimagined heights, sport contemporary implicitly boxing owes these successes conquerors order underlying scientific methodology training.

            Reliance on the basis of sport in our country is in close contact with the material growth and broad support for the state, the results obtained prestigious Romanian sport, having its essence in this support.

            These prestigious successes brought a significant contribution and present novel boxer’s battle for first place in the hierarchy of amateur and professional boxing.

            Boxing is practiced today, for thousands young people, guided closely by qualified staff, enjoying the best conditions for raising continuous sports mastery.

            If boxing in our country has appeared and evolved in the early years of the twentieth century, first as a curiosity, as a sport, stated in the following years after 1934.

             Amateur boxing occurs in these conditions as a nursery of professionalism.

  Boxing earns increasingly more followers, the work is becoming more appreciated in the Olympic Games, European Championships, World Championships, Championships University at multiple international competitions and tournaments that showcase boxers boxing Romans do increasingly more remarkable, and their victories are no longer considered a surprise.

Names like Linca Nicholas – Olympic Champion; Negrea Nicholas Cutova Simon, Simon Mircea Simion Dumitrecu Daniel and Marian – Olympic Runner: Constantin Dumitrescu, Fiat George Alec Nastac, Cutova Calistrat, Dafinoiu cost Flash Mircea Simion Marian Simion Dorel Gheorghe Ion – Olympic bronze medal ; Ciubotaru Dumitru – gold medal at the World University Championships; Margarit Eustatiu-bronze medal at the World

University Championships in Budapest were precursors results that had come and that changed the impression of specialists, demonstrating the value of the Romanian school of boxing.

After 1989 appears on the horizon of professional boxing. Many boxers are up, but only a few manage to make performance, including: Mihai Leu, Leonard Doroftei, Adrian Diaconu and Lucian Bute, they become professional world champions in different versions.

Talking about the last mentioned pugilists, they were playing on a modern Boxing Rings, they were professional and automatically theirs arenas were optimized and the boxing rings too.

1.8 Gold belt

Centura de aur

            The launch of scale in international boxing champions

Traditional Romanian international boxing tournament "Golden Belt", reached the 38th edition.

             After a shy start with a small number of countries participating Romanian pugilistic competition has gained more and more popularity, increasing the number of competitors and the value of the tournament.

             Scheduled usually goal before competition such as the European Championships, World or Olympic Games, "Golden Belt" was always an excellent opportunity to check for pugilists different countries mentioned before major competitions. This explains the presence among boxers from various editions of the tournament in Bucharest value Boxers in Europe, Asia, Africa and America. Along with "maturing" her "Golden Belt" became real “springboard” young pugilists to the podium of major international competitions. If we refer only to the Olympic Games of 1976, among medalists find many pugilists noticed on the floor in Bucharest: Chou En Zo, gold and Lin Ven UK bantamweight silver semibite category, both in Korea Cuban Teofilo Stevenson, gold heavyweight Angel Herer, lightweight gold, Andres Aldama, silver semimiddle category. Mtournament "Golden Belt", reached the 38th edition.

             After a shy start with a small number of countries participating Romanian pugilistic competition has gained more and more popularity, increasing the number of competitors and the value of the tournament.

             Scheduled usually goal before competition such as the European Championships, World or Olympic Games, "Golden Belt" was always an excellent opportunity to check for pugilists different countries mentioned before major competitions. This explains the presence among boxers from various editions of the tournament in Bucharest value Boxers in Europe, Asia, Africa and America. Along with "maturing" her "Golden Belt" became real “springboard” young pugilists to the podium of major international competitions. If we refer only to the Olympic Games of 1976, among medalists find many pugilists noticed on the floor in Bucharest: Chou En Zo, gold and Lin Ven UK bantamweight silver semibite category, both in Korea Cuban Teofilo Stevenson, gold heavyweight Angel Herer, lightweight gold, Andres Aldama, silver semimiddle category. Moreover, like many others, one of bronze Roman athletes at the same Olympic Games, Costica Dafinoiu has earned the right to be part of Team Representative of Romania.

           For pugilists, our Golden Belt Romania, always was an opportunity selection, verification of potential, instead of fighting in a selection, the only race in which he could

receive "certificate" to be present at the European Championships, World or Olympic Games, and in 1999 had far-reaching qualifier for the 2000 Olympic Games, which were held at Sidney, Australia. Unfortunately 2008 was not organized this tournament.

1.9 Boxing Rules & Regulations

Fig. 1.5 Sketch of 2 boxers

At its earliest stages, the sport of boxing had very few rules and regulations. The object during the time of the Ancient Greeks and Romans was simply to outlast the opponent. In this case, “outlasting” meant numerous things, such as surviving while your opponent lay dying on the ground. Over the course of time and many blood-ridden fights, however, rules and regulations were implemented. This was done in order to make the sport fair and civilized, while still allowing the object of the game to continue: Hit and don’t get hit.

Although boxing’s rules and regulations differ slightly among different bodies and organizations, the sport has a number of common features that are easily identifiable. In its most simplistic form, boxing is a sport that takes place in a square-shaped ring between two athletes. The boxers look to “knock out” the opponent or out-point the opponent by landing clean punches on the body and head without receiving more blows in return.

Here are more of the sport’s general rules and regulations, followed by some specifications for different governing bodies. [5]

1.10 Match Procedure

Prior to a match, each boxer is assigned a corner that is referred to as either the red corner or blue corner. The boxer and his team, made up of the boxer’s head trainer, assistant trainer, and cut man, meet in the assigned corner prior to the fight and between rounds. A match is composed of a number of two- or three-minute rounds separated by one-minute rest periods. A bell is rung to signify the start of each round. To signify that there are ten seconds remaining in each round, a ring official uses a hammer to hit a wooden table at ringside. [6]

Several officials will take part in regulating a bout. The officiating team consists of judges who sit ringside, and a referee who is in the ring with the boxers. Judges are responsible for scoring the bout. The referee is the only person who can officially stop a bout; although, a medical professional, the boxer’s corner, or the boxer himself can signal to the referee that they would like the bout to be stopped. Other responsibilities of the referee include: Giving instructions to boxers prior to the fight, breaking up clinching boxers, counting to ten for a downed boxer, and determining when a foul should be punishable by point deduction. [7]

1.11 Standard Rules

Boxers must always be standing on their feet in order to exchange punches.

Punches thrown by a boxer must land above the waistline of the opposition.

Punches are the only legal way to hit the opponent.

Only the knuckle portion of the glove is allowed make contact with the opponent.

Punches must not land on the back of the opponent, including the areas of the kidneys and the back of the head.

A boxer hit with an unintentional low blow (a punch below the waist) has up to five minutes to recover and will be considered knocked-out if he is unable to recover.

The head of a boxer must always be above the waistline of the opponent.

When a referee breaks up clinching boxers, both boxers must take a full step back before throwing a punch.

When a boxer gets knocked down, his opponent is restricted from hitting the downed boxer and must go to a neutral corner while the referee makes the ten-count. The ten-count gives the downed boxer the opportunity to get back to his feet to continue fighting.

Once a boxer stands after being knocked down, he must be approved to continue by the referee. If the boxer is unable to recover from the knockdown, his opponent will win by way of knockout (KO).

Slipping or falling is not considered a knockdown, but a boxer who has slipped or fallen still cannot be hit while down.

If a boxer cannot continue due to injury from an intentional foul, the boxer who committed the foul will be disqualified.

If an intentional foul occurs and does not stop the fight, the referee must take points away from the boxer who committed the foul.

Boxers who commit unintentional fouls receive a warning from the referee, who can also deduct points from a boxer if the boxer continues to commit the foul.

Unintentional fouls that end a fight immediately can result in either a ‘no-contest’ ruling or a declared winner. In professional boxing, a no-contest would occur if less than four rounds of the match have been completed. Neither boxer would be declared winner. If the fight has gone past four rounds, then a winner will be declared. The winner, in this case, would be the boxer who has the most points at the current stage of the match. A declared winner via points wins by ‘technical decision.’ A ‘technical draw’ could also occur if the boxers have the same amount of points.

A referee can choose to stop a fight at any point to protect a boxer from severe injury. The boxer will lose by ‘technical knockout’ (TKO). [8]

1.12 Equipment

1.12.1 Gloves

This is the most visible component of necessary outfit for boxers. Boxing gloves provide padding and their concern is to protect the hands and wrists of the boxer, and in the same time the head and body of the opposing boxer. When we are talking about professional boxing, the boxers use gloves of different sizes, most of professional organizations claim boxers to wear gloves of either 8 or 10 ounces. Before the

fight both boxers must agree with the thickness of the gloves. [9]

Fig. 1.6 A pair of boxing gloves

In majority events, boxers who are representing the lighter weight classes wear ten-ounce gloves, and when the heavier weight classes are wearing 12-ounce gloves. Before putting their gloves they are required to have their hands wrapped with cotton wraps or gauze

1.12.2 The Rest

A mouthpiece importance is to protect the mouth and teeth, and in the same time to reduce the pain of blows to the head. In the same time the amateur boxers should wear authorized headgear for protection. Protective cups are to be worn at all levels to shield the groin area. Loose-fitting trunks and soft-soled shoes must be found on each boxer.

At the amateur level, sleeveless jersey of a different color than the waistband of the trunks must be dressed by every boxer. [10]

Fig. 1.6 A mouthpiece used by boxers

1.12.3 The Benefits of Boxing Shoes

Many beginning boxers pocket their wallets after they buy hand wraps and gloves, reluctant to buy boxing shoes. Don’t make the same mistake! Boxing shoes improve footwork technique, while also providing necessary

Fig.1.7 Boxing shoes lightweight support. Additionally, boxing shoes offer the following advantages:

Lightweight material: Shoes made of lightweight, breathable material won’t weigh you down. Generally, boxing shoes are made of leather or suede. Some pairs include a form of mesh covering. It’s easier to stay on the balls of your feet if your feet feel light, and breathable material prevents the shoes from becoming heavy with sweat.

Non-slip rubber: Boxing shoes combine traction with maneuverability, as their non-slip rubber outsoles allow you to pivot without getting stuck to the mat.

Support & Mobility: Various styles come in low- and high-top forms. High-top “boots,” as they are sometimes called, tend to provide more ankle support. Low-top boxing shoes, on the other hand, provide slightly less support while allowing for greater mobility. [11]

1.13 Professional Boxing

Although different boxing organizations have their own policies, there are rules and regulations that span the entire professional boxing world. Rounds in professional boxing are always three minutes long with a one-minute rest period between rounds. The

number of rounds varies in professional boxing, but championship fights always consist of twelve rounds. Professional bouts always have one referee and three judges scoring the bout.

Fig. 1.8 A pair of professional boxers

Scoring in professional boxing is quite different from scoring at the amateur level. Scoring is based on four criteria:

Clean punching

Effective aggressiveness

Ring generalship

Defense

The 10-Point-Must System is always used by the judges. This system assigns ten points to the winner of each round. The loser receives 9 points for a close round, 8 points if he was knocked down or dominated, and 7 points if he was knocked down twice. If a round is even, both boxers receive 10 points. The boxer with more accumulated points at the end of the match is the winner, as long as two of the three judges are in agreement. If at least two judges have the match as tied, then a draw will be declared. Standard rules apply for KOs and TKOs.

Weight classes for professional boxers may be referred to differently from one organization to the next. However, the same 17 weights make up the weight divisions of all major boxing organizations. The weights are as follows:

105 pounds (47.6 kilograms), 108 lb (49.0 kg), 112 lb (50.8 kg), 115 lb (52.2 kg) ,118 lb (53.5 kg), 122 lb (55.3 kg), 126 lb (57.2 kg), 130 lb (59.0 kg), 135 lb (61.2 kg), 140 lb (63.5 kg), 147 lb (66.7 kg), 154 lb (69.9 kg), 160 lb (72.6 kg), 168 lb (76.2 kg), 175 lb (79.4 kg), 200 (79.4 kg), Unlimited (above 200 lbs). [12]

1.14 USA Boxing & Olympic Boxing

There are slightly different rules for boxers under the age of 17 who would like to fight under the organization ‘USA Boxing.’ The rules for the younger age groups can be found in the hyperlink to the USA Boxing rulebook at the bottom of this page.

USA adult boxers must be between the ages of 17 and 34. USA Boxing matches are composed of three or four two-minute rounds.

Olympic boxing always consists of four two-minute rounds. Boxers in USA and Olympic boxing are not permitted to have head hair

Fig. 1.9 Feminine box

more than five inches below the headgear. Also, boxers must be cleanly shaven other than a mustache of minimal length. A thin layer of petroleum jelly may be used on the face of the boxer, but the jelly is not to be used on the

headgear. Petroleum jelly is used in order to allow incoming punches to slide off the face more easily. [14]

Amateur bouts always have one referee and five judges. Unlike professional boxing, which takes into account several factors, amateur boxing is scored solely on the idea of clean punches. Clean punches are punches landed on the upper body or head with the knuckle of the boxing glove.

For USA Boxing bouts, each judge has two counters during each fight, with which he/she counts punches for each boxer. The boxer who has accumulated the most points at the conclusion of the fight on the majority of the judges’ scorecards is declared the winner.

In Olympic boxing, a participant receives a point if three of the five judges press their electronic button within a second of a combination or punch. Judges press the button based on what they believe to be “clean punches.”

Amateur bouts that the referee stops will be recorded as one of the following:

RSC: Referee stopped contest with notations for:RSCO – outclasses opponent, RSCOS – outscored opponent, RCSI – injury, RSCH – head injury.

The weight classes for Olympic boxing are:48 kg, 51 kg, 54 kg, 57 kg, 60 kg, 64 kg,69 kg, 75 kg, 81 kg, 91 kg, 91+ kg. [15]

Chapter 2

Old and new boxing rings

What is the world but a boxing ring where fools and devils put up their fists?

Catherynne M. Valente

2.1 Evolution of Boxing Rings

First Boxing Ring was a round one, it was called “Ring” because the spectators were making a circle around the pugilists. On this time they were boxing directly on the ground, as time went on, the boxing rings start to look better and gave to the pugilist more comfort. Firstly, the rings has a wooden floor, in time the designers started to optimize the floor, the first one was the sponge over the wooden floor, as the world evolutes, the boxing rings do it too. With the ring have appeared the ropes, which have the role to protect the pugilists, keep them healthy and don’t let them to slip out from the ring. [16]

Fig. 2.1 First boxing ring

In the picture above is shown one of the first boxing rings, it is made of four poles and two ropes. The pugilists were playing directly on the ground. At that time there were no floors of any kind. The poles were made of wood and the strings are made by ropes.

Fig. 2.2 Boxing ring with 3 ropes

First of all, there were existing boxing rings with 3 ropes, since March 1962, when Benny Paret was fatally injured in a national televised bout with Emile Griffith. The padding and 3 rope requirements were far less safe as that used today. Paret hit his head on the ring post and would have had more protection if the more safe rope and corner post padding were used as they are today. [17]

Competition Boxing Ring can be set up at floor level for gym usage and converted to competition height for bouts. Extra supports and security were added for the ultimate in stability. Complete with board tie-down supports for virtually silent use. [18]

Fig. 2.3 Competition Boxing Ring

Comes Complete With

All-steel frame

4 Corner Posts (2 White, 1 Red, 1 Blue)

4 Corner Cushions (2 White, 1 Red, 1 Blue)

USA Boxing approved Ring Padding

Ring Cover (White or Blue, you choose)

Cloth Ring Skirt (Red or Blue, you choose)

4 Ropes

4 Rope Covers (2 Red, 1 Blue, 1 White)

8 Rope Spacers

8 Rope Clamps

16 Rope Retainer Rings

16 Turnbuckles

16 Turnbuckle Covers (4 Red, 4 Blue, 8 White)

Stairs (2 sets)

2 Stools (1 Red, 1 Blue)

2 Corner Buckets

The Classic Boxing Ring is the ideal ring for gym owners and those who need a boxing ring at only an elevated level; without the portability that the Competition Ring offers.

Fig. 2.4 Classic boxing ring

Fig. 2.5 Floor boxing ring

Competition Ring:

The Classic is designed with a very sturdy bolt assembly, which lacks some of the convenience and time-saving features of the Competition Ring assembly.

The Classic's elevated one-level setting is designed for setting-up and leaving put. Moving from gym to shows and taking your ring on the road is much more convenient with the Competition Ring.

Powder Coated 5×10 cm steel construction provides a fully-functional, stable ring, but lacks the portability and extra strength of the TITLE Boxing Competition Ring.

THE CLASSIC ELEVATED BOXING RING INCLUDES:

Frame with 4 corner posts

USA Boxing approved EVA padding

White Ring Cover (Canvas)

Cloth ring skirt

4 corner cushions

8 rope spacers

(4) ropes and retainer rings

Rope covers

Rope Clamps

16 turnbuckles

2 sets of stairs

2 stools

2 corner buckets

An extra-stable and secure floor-ring for any gym. easy to assemble, includes:

Full Frame

4 Corner Posts (2 White, 1 Red, 1 Blue)

4 Corner Cushions (2 White, 1 Red, 1 Blue)

3 Ropes & Rope Covers (1 White, 1 Red, 1 Blue)

12 Turnbuckles & Turnbuckle Covers (6 White, 3 Red, 3 Blue)

Ring Padding

White Canvas Ring Cover

12 Rope Retaining Rings

6 Rope Clamps

A revolutionary floor ring is completely free standing and does not need to be secured into the floor. It is ideal for gyms, schools, health clubs and institutional use. Four corner posts and full frame keep ring stable and secure for all training and workout needs.

Fig. 2.6 Floor boxing ring

The rugged powder coated all-steel frame and posts are built for professional use. It can be set over existing flooring, grappling mats or carpeting to save.

A SELF STANDING FLOOR RING INCLUDES:

Full All-Steel Frame

4 Steel Corner Posts

4 Corner Cushions (2 White, 1 Blue, 1 Red)

4 Ropes and Rope Covers

16 Steel Turnbuckles

16 Padded Turnbuckle Covers (8 White, 4 Blue, 4 Red)

8 Rope Clamps

16 Rope Retainer Rings

8 Rope Spacers

A self standing ring that sits directly on the floor – no bolting necessary – and has the capacity to hold 16 heavy bags and/or double end bags (depending on ring size) that easily mount to the heavy duty, secure bag rack that surrounds and connects to the ring.

Fig.2.7 All-in-1 Self Standing Floor Ring

A gym can have up to 18 athletes training at the same time. This training combination is ideal for any gym or workout area, especially for those with limited space. The unit sets on top of existing flooring or matting for cost savings.

The All-N-1 Self Standing Floor Ring/Bag Rack includes:

4 corner posts

4 corner cushions (2 White, 1 Red, 1 Blue)

3 ring ropes with covers (Cover color options – Red, White, Blue or Black)

6 ring rope clamps

12 ring rope retainer rings

12 corner turnbuckles

12 turnbuckle covers (6 White, 3 Red, 3 Blue)

16 unit heavy bag / double end bag frame

16 rubber bungee cables for bag tie-downs

The portable ring ropes attach to freestanding bags, poles, heavy bags, stands and more. All you need is four free standing bags or stationary corners and you are set. Ideal for

schools, gyms, classes, wreak centers, studios, health clubs, etc. without a boxing ring. Ropes have heavy duty elastic bands that attach to the bag or corners, turning them into instant corner posts. Elastic comes with a red corner, blue corner, and two neutral white corners.

Fig. 2.8 Portable ring ropes

Soft, durable, slightly elastic polyester ropes are double layered for maximum life. The ropes thread through corner posts and attach with extra secure hook-and-loop strap .[18]

Chapter 3

Construction of a removable boxing ring

Construction of a Boxing Ring it’s easier than ever, it can be executed without professional help, it can be done by everybody.

3.1 Boxing ring accesories

3.1.1 Floor sizes

Floors should have not less than 430 mm square within the ropes, 489 mm outside the ropes to the edge of the ring. In some cases, smaller rings will be allowed, upon prior event approval by IAB.

Fig.3.1 Boxing ring floor

3.1.2 Floor padding

Floor of ring from outside edge of platform to outside edge of platform on all 4 sides shall have padding meeting the approval of the IAB and meet the requirements of the local State Athletic Commission or of a thickness of not less than 1 inch. Material: EthaFoam.

ETHAFOAM is a medium density, non-cross linked Polyethylene (PE) closed cell foam that is capable of withstanding significant impacts and loadings. [19]

Fig.3.2 EthaFoam material

The cover of the ring must be CANVAS or VINAL 

3.1.3 Height

No more than 100 mm above the arena floor.

Ringside tables must be no higher than ring floor level and no ringside tables will be permitted next to floor mounted rings.

Fig.3.3 USA Boxing Ring dimensions

3.1.4 Ring access

The ring shall have suitable steps for use of the fighters.

Promoter must have a MINIMUM of TWO Staircases up into the ring.

One in the Red Corner and one in the Blue Corner.

A Third Staircase works best for access of ring announcer, ring girls and medical staff. [20]

Fig.3.4 Ring access

3.1.5 Lighting

Ring must be well lighted with NO SHADOWS cast from any lighting.

The ring shall have BRIGHT LIGHTS that light up all 4 corners and the middle of the ring EQUALLY.

Ring mat must be TIGHT.

There must not be ANY holes, dips or gaps in the ring padding under the mat.

NO LIGHTS shall shine into the eyes of ANY Fighter or Judge.

All lights must ONLY shine DOWNWARD.

Lights may not shine at any angle directly into the fighting ring area that may blind the fighter’s vision.

Fig.3.5 Boxing Ring Lighting

3.1.6 Corner support posts

Ring post shall be of metal.

May not be more than 100 mm in diameter.

Shall extend from the floor of the arena area to a maximum height of 1470 mm above the ring floor.

Shall have the top turnbuckles padded with turnbuckle covers that meet IAB approval.

Fig.3.6 Corner support posts in 3D modeling

3.1.7 Ring ropes

No less than 4 (FOUR) ropes.

Not less than 250 mm in diameter.

Bottom rope: 460 mm above the ring floor MAX.

Top rope: 1320 mm above the ring floor MAX.

The bottom rope must be padded with a padding of a thickness not less than 25/50 mm

Soft rope ties shall connect all ropes approximately every 150mm apart.

All ropes shall be tight.

Shall be approved by the IAB Event Representative and IAB Referee prior to the event. [21]

Fig.3.7 Boxing Ring Ropes

3.1.8 Corner cushions

All corners must be padded for fighters protection with IAB approved cushions;

Well padded and stylish;

These corner pads offers great protection;

Enhance the look of your boxing ring with these pads;

Filled with jumbo foam, EVA(ethyl vinyl acetate) and underlay

Fits in corner securely with full Velcro strip at the back for tight corner fit ;

Easy fitting with any rope size or position.

Fig.3.8 Corner cushions

3.1.9 Ring advertising space any and all

Due to some past events that have had "RUDE" Advertisements on the corner cushions, "ALL" Advertising displayed on the ring must have WRITTEN approval of the IAB.

Promoters are required to inform the IAB of any and all RING advertising a minimum of 7 days PRIOR to their event.

3.1.10 Stools & Buckets

Promoter shall provide 2 stools for each corner.

Due to past THEFT, ALL CORNERMEN are required to provide their own Spit Bucket, NOT the Promoter

Prior to the initiation of any match, the IAB Event Referee & Representative shall inspect the Rings for safety and the IAB Promoter shall be required to make whatever changes to such area as are necessary in the judgment of the IAB Event Referee & Representative.

Fig..3.9 Fighting ring layout

3.2. Assembly stages

Fig.3.10 The main structure of a boxing ring

This is a very robust and stable construction made ​​of steel, measuring 18 foot platform with 16 foot fighting area. The pillars are painted according to the regulation: one red, one blue and two white. This structure represents the main base on the entire body. It is easy to be assembled, to be transported and maintained. [22]

Fig. 3.11 Snapshot of the boxing ring’s structure covered with wood panels

The ring is usually constructed using a steel frame, and a base of wooden planking. Those have the role to support the pugilist and in the same time represent the base of the sponge, the canvas and boxing ring covers. This boxing ring benefits from a heavy gauge steel construction and comes complete with M10 rope turnbuckles and corner pads to each corner.  Because the pugilists can not perform on uneven platform ring, the panels should be straight.

Fig.3.12 Floor ring. Polyurethane foam added over wood panels

Fig. 3.13 Floor ring. The entire polyurethane foam added

Floor Ring features a high quality, 15mm thick shock absorbing foam underlay to prevent injury and reduce sound with a heavy duty canvas cover protecting the foam and giving a durable finish. The main function of the sponge is to protect the pugilist, to give him certainty that in case of falling he will do it on a soft surface. [23]

Fig.3.14 Boxing ring canvas cover

These canvas covers are a necessity for any boxing ring to be properly cared for. More about Boxing Ring Covers Boxing ring covers are made of heavy duty canvas as well as top grade vinyl material. Quality boxing ring canvas is professionally designed to allow maximum longevity and durability of the cover as well as comfort and speed for the boxer.

Fig.3.15 Mounting the ropes

Since boxing is a very dangerous sport, it is important for trainers to learn how to properly secure ring ropes on a boxing ring. Doing so can protect their boxers and  prevent the boxers from suffering deadly or debilitating injuries when they get inside the boxing ring to risk their lives for the enjoyment and thrill of their spectators. It is already dangerous for these warriors to get in the ring and receive hard blows to their faces and bodies, so their best consolation is to be guaranteed the ropes on the ring they will use are safe and secure. How can this be achieved. Next to the canvas, the rope is the next important component of the boxing ring. It should be made of manila fiber and it should be at least one inch in thickness. This type of material can withstand even the most strenuous gym activities. [24]

Fig.3.16 The turnbuckles

In the above picture are mounted the turnbuckles. The importance of those turnbuckles is the keep the ropes straight, in time, after the rope get weak, the turnbuckles will be manually operated. Usually those look different, tension to boxing rope with a simple hook and eye straining screw design, a must have addition for maintaining your boxing ring.

Fig.3.17 The side covers

The side covers main importance is to hide the structure of the boxing ring, to give a better aspect. In the same time, those side covers can produce money, promoting some other companies, it is easy to be changed and maintained, the most important fact is that the AIBA regulations have no rules, about materials and aspect. [25]

Fig.3.18 The boxing ring is done

The boxing ring is done, respecting the rules required by AIBA. There are 3 pairs of stairs added, 2 for pugilists and 1 for the judge.

Chapter 4

Design proposals for an innovative boxing ring, sketches and comments

Life is very similar to a boxing ring. Defeat is not final when you fall down… It is final when you refuse to get up and fight back!

-Unknown

4.1 Sketches and comments

This invention relates to improvements in boxing rings, particularly of the knock-down portable type.

A primary object of the invention is to provide a portable, knock-down athletic ring for boxing or wrestling contests or the like which may be set up in any selected place, such as upon a gymnasium floor, without marring the surface of the floor which will remain smooth and unbroken` after the boxing ring is knocked down and removed.

Another object of the invention is to provide a knock-down boxing ring which may be readily assembled for use without the necessity of using bolts or whereby the device may be repeatedly set up, knocked down and transported quickly and without damage to the parts thereof.

Another object is to provide a knock-down boxing ring which is extremely sturdy and durable when set up for use and which, in its knocked down condition, is composed of a minimum number of parts which may be closely bound together for convenient handling storage and transportation thereof. Particularly advantageous is the small storage space required for my ring when dismantled and not in use as the available storage space in most gymnasiums is at a minimum and the question of storage of equipment often presents a problem difficult of solution.

Another benefit is the space, instead of having 2 boxing rings in the boxing gym, we will have just 1. There is a lot of space saved, it can be used in another purposes. Its dimensions will be the same, as the order imposes. For the pugilist will not be major differences, they will feel it just in a good way.

The money represents another benefit, having a 2 in 1 boxing ring the investment will be smaller, firstly because instead of buying 2 rings the manager will purchase only 1. Thanks of the frame, boxing ring’s resistance is better, it leads to a longer life of the product.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein a preferred embodiment of the principles contemplated by the invention has been selected for exemplification. [26]

Referring more particularly to the drawings:

a) b) c) d)

e) f)

Fig. 4.1 Sketches of first idea of boxing ring

The elevated boxing ring

Tight position of the product

Down boxing ring with stairs

Up ring with product

The elevating system laterally

The elevating system on corners

The boxing ring has 4 metallic pillars, which are elevating the entire body. The base framework and the pending one are made of metallic structure. The stairs are made of wood, those are fixed on our product. I have not chosen this idea because it is very expensive and it breaks easily, it was manually operated and because of it our product wasn’t very stable. [27]

Fig. 4.2 Metallic framework

In the picture above is described the framework in more clamping position, first one has oblique props on the sidewise, which have to sustain the ring, in the second example the props are vertical. I haven’t chosen this type of framework because the idea was to simplify the concept and in the same time to made it modern. This kind of props make our work harder and there was a lot of material lost. To a better resistance in time, the framework should have a prop. It keeps the frame straight and offer stability. [28]

Fig. 4.3 Different ropes and strength bar

This sketch represents the way that the strength bar was disposed on the main frame, in both those were fixed in 8 points, 2 oblique bars on each side. The elevation system is made of metal.

Fig.4.4 Stability analysis

There is shown the main metallic framework and the second one, in different positions. On the left side is shown the framework containing some resistance bars in the side, those should retrieve the forces and give to the body a better resistance, on the right side are noticeable bars connecting he pillars from corners with the central one, it should give a better resistance but there was a loss of material. It has the role to help us to choose the best modality of construction, to give the best mobility to our product and a long life.

Fig. 4.5 Boxing ring with rope and corner pad

In the picture above is presented the main image of the boxing ring with the most important component on it. There we find 4 ropes, stretched by a turnbuckles in every corner. The rope are made of cotton in the middle, covered by steel wire rope and finally a layer of poliplan D-TEX easy to clean and maintainable . [29]

Fig. 4.6 Sketch of the upper view of the frame work

In this sketch is represented the upper view of the framework, there we can find 5 pols, 4 are disposed in each corner and 1 in the middle of the frame. The last one is the most important because it is directly connected at the motor and it helps the entire body to do the up and down movement. First idea of frame work was containing 2 resistance bars which were connecting the corners, because I found another way to give resistance to the framework I don’t use it.

Fig. 4.7 Final sketch of the framework

I chose this one because is the most suitable from all the points of view, it gave resistance to our body, in the same tie is Eco-friendly because there are not a lot of materials used. In this one I do not represented the bars which are connecting the corners, because there is another resistance solution. The main frame work contains 4 flanges which are maintaining the corners, the motor is situated in the middle of the entire body, it is connected to the central pillar and together makes the entire movement of the boxing ring, and the other 4 pillar are acting by inertia.

Fig. 4.8 Up and Down the boxing ring

This sketch show us how the boxing ring is making the movement, there we can see the distances which should be respected because are imposed by the standing orders. In top of the sketch is represented the pillar in both situation, up and down, when it is down is has the resistance from the both frameworks and when is in elevated situation the pillars are fixed with some washer.

Fig. 4.9 Side view of the boxing ring

There we can notice the boxing ring in elevated situation and in the lowered one. We can see that the minimum stroke is about 40 cm and the maximum one is 91 cm, those are the measures imposed by the international law.

4.2 2 in 1 Boxing Ring 3D Presentation

3ds Max® 3D modeling software provides a comprehensive modeling, animation, simulation, and rendering solution for games, film, and motion graphics artists. 3ds Max delivers efficient new tools, accelerated performance, and streamlined workflows to help increase overall productivity for working with complex, high-resolution assets.

Fig. 4.10 Top view of the ring’s structure

1=700 cm

2=700 cm

3=350 cm

4=175 cm

5=175 cm

There is a top view of the ring’s structure, it is made of OL 45. Steel comprises iron and other elements such as carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, nickel, chromium and more. Variations in steel compositions are responsible for a great variety of steel grades and steel properties.

Iron is the basic component of steel. When carbon, a nonmetal, is added to iron in amounts up to 2.1%, the result is an alloy known as steel.

Each element that is added to the basic steel composition has some effect on the properties of the steel and how that steel reacts to fabrication processes. These additions and variations in steel compositions are responsible for a great variety of steel grades and steel properties. For example, proper steel composition provides enhanced strength and /or toughness and an opportunity to use cost-effective and straightforward heat-treatment methods.

Considering that in the game of boxing the pugilists will fall, the floor must be tricky to avoid injury. In the same time the floor should not have an enlarged elasticity because it will not provide stability. [30]

Fig. 4.11.a Fig. 4.10 Top view of the ring’s structure

There we can notice the Boxing Ring’s structure, it maintain all the components and the pugilists. The frame is made of OL45, it gave to the body resistance and a long life. It can be easily assembled not just by qualified persons. Is necessary just a straight ground. In this view the frame is represented with 16 elements. The frame is supported by 5 pillars, four in corners and 1 in the middle.

Over the steel frame we find a layer of OSB ( Oriented strand board) , is a water-resistant, cut size panel ideal for interior use. OSB (Oriented Strand Board) is an engineered wood-based panel consisting of strands of wood which are bonded together with a synthetic resin; the strands are pressed together in layers. In the outer layers strands are generally oriented longitudinally in line with the panel length, whereas in the middle layers strands generally lie in a cross wise direction. 

Fig. 4.11.b OSB

After OSB was applied, the next step is fastening the polyurethane foam, either as a foam underlay or on top as a coating, polyurethanes can make the boxing ring’s floor more durable, easier to maintain and more aesthetically pleasing. Using flexible polyurethane foam (FPF) as a carpet in our project can significantly increase the lifespan of carpet, improve carpet appearance retention, provide added comfort and support, and can reduce ambient noise. Bonded polyurethane cushioning is often made from recycled materials (both pre- and post-consumer recycled materials) and may be recycled in many localities. Plus, the potential extension of carpet life should mean less frequent replacements, resulting in less carpet going to the landfill.

Polyurethane foam is used to coat floors, from wood and parquet to cement. This protective finish is resistant to abrasion and solvents yet is easy to clean and maintain. With a

polyurethane finish a new wood, parquet or cement floor will wear better and longer while an old floor can be refinished to look new again, that’s why I chose this material to cover the boxing ring.

Finally, the layer of polyurethane foam is covered with a vinyl sheet. The benefits of boxing ring covers are a vital part of protecting your boxing ring. They provide a durable covering that is easy to clean and sanitize after a match. There is a variety of options for boxing ring covers. These vinyl covers and canvas covers are a necessity for any boxing ring to be properly cared for. Boxing ring covers are made of heavy duty canvas as well as top grade vinyl material. Quality boxing ring canvas is professionally designed to allow maximum longevity and durability of the cover as well as comfort and speed for the boxer.

They can be used in a variety of settings, not just boxing rings. These vinyl covers and canvas covers are also helpful for wrestling rings and martial arts studios. Boxing ring covers come in many different sizes and colors. Most companies will also allow you to order custom made covers that will perfectly fit the ring. In addition, all boxing ring covers come with grommets used to hold the cover in place as well as cords for typing the cover down. There are many benefits to using heavy duty canvas covers and vinyl covers for your boxing ring. While some may try to use other types of mats or floor covers, these tend to be unsafe due to slippage, will tear more easily, and do not drain very well. Good drainage is necessary because boxing rings become filled with blood, sweat, and water. This makes it much more difficult to properly clean and sanitize your ring. In contrast, boxing ring covers are beneficial because they are much more durable, safe, and provide drainage. These covers are made of quality material: heavy duty canvas and vinyl. They also contain grommets and other tools for hooking and holding the canvas down, providing safety. Finally, these materials drain much more easily, enabling fast cleaning between matches.

These covers come in 3 color choices, also contain brass grommets every 30 centimeters, and have double French seams.

In corners is used an absorbent material. It is designed to absorb sweat and other fluids that reach the floor during the game. To avoid slipping and other possible accidents. It is very easy to maintain and clean, to avoid odors is recommended to wash the material after the end of each competition. During training it is not recommended to use these components of the ring, of course the choice is made particularly, ​​by each beneficiary of the ring.

A boxing ring configuration, a boxing method and a lay-flat mat are disclosed for keeping fluids from collecting in the pugilist corners during rest periods between rounds. An absorbent, lay-flat mat is positioned under the seat of the pugilist while he is being administered to between rounds. The mat catches any fluids that may deposit, and thus keeps the floor from becoming slippery or stained. The mat can also display a trademark on an obverse surface. The mat is put in place at the end of a round, and removed at the start of the next round so as not to get in the way of the pugilists. A new mat can be used for each round, or the mat can be re-used.

This invention relates to a boxing ring configuration, boxing method and pugilist corner mat, and more particularly to the same wherein an absorbent mat is used under the seat of a pugilist to collect fluids that would otherwise deposit on the boxing ring floor while the pugilist is being tended to during a rest period between rounds of the contest. [31]

Fig. 4.12 The motor and the middle pillar

The middle pillar is the most important of all 5, it push the entire body, the others 4 has the role to support the ring during the competition, and to give resistance to it. This pillar is telescopic, and the other four are acting by inertia.

Fig. 4.13 Top view of the motor and the middle pillar

The operation of three-phase motors squirrel cage

Three-phase motors, enclosed are executed according to Romanian standards harmonized with international standards (IEC), European (EN) and national ones with large global implementation (DIN, VDE). These are general purpose motors can be used in climate normal, or, upon request, can run and tropical climate. Climate normal general purpose engines have the following characteristics:

– Ambient temperature: -16 ⁰ C to +40 ⁰ C

– Altitude up to 1000m

– The atmosphere pressure: 1050mbar

– Relative humidity: 60% – 90%.

Three-phase motor has stator winding rotor cage in the rotor is cast aluminum.

The stator windings are found three (one for each phase, it has three phases), displaced by 120 electrical ⁰.

The rotor consists of laminations, which are tilted slightly (with a notch Stanton) to even field, and at the end of the cage cast can be seen two shorting rings, they are designed to short-circuit the aluminum tabs.

When the motor is powered by three-phase network, the system shows a three-phase stator currents cause the system voltage and phase currents. The distribution inside the coil creates a rotating magnetic field, this is due to the stator winding with rotor. This one induces

a phase voltage system and due short circuit rings, there is a three-phase current system continues.

From the resulting Lorentz force that appears mechanic torque that moves the whole system engine.

When are lifting the boxing ring, using a 132 overall motor power 7.5kw and a speed of 3000rot/min, with the following specifications:

Power 7.5KW

N = 3000rot/min, 2 pole speed

400 V (for 230/400 = I (intensity): 23.3 / 15.8 and 400/690 = I 15.8/9.13 (acetates are the most commonly used)

I = 15.8

n = 88.1% (IE2 Service operation)

Frequency cos δ = 0.778

Ip / In = 13

Mp / Mn = 4

Mmax / mmin = 4.2

Moment of Inertia = 0.0116 kgm 2

Weight = 50kg

Hydraulic pumps

In hydraulic assemblies hydraulic pumps role is particularly important. In general hydraulic pumps fall into two categories:

– Axial piston pumps

– Radial Piston Pumps

Axial piston hydraulic pumps is another variant of the pump piston pistons are arranged axially parallel to the axis of rotation so the rotor (block), active movement of the pistons being achieved either by tilting or fixed disk or a front cam.

Piston arrangements in this way has the great advantage of reducing the gauge pump and get more while a constant moment of inertia, the rotation symmetry of the masses, allowing their operation angular speed higher than other types.  

Radial piston hydraulic pumps are pumps and high pressure flow and high power engines moments. So far this is used for pressures up to 300 bar, flow rates up to 8000 m / min up to 5000 times daNm, to 4000 kW, the engine can operate at multiple speeds action stable under 1 rev / min.

Description and use F1A constant flow pumps are under construction "tilted block" and are used in hydraulic drive. You can use both hydraulic generators and as hydraulic motors in both inpatients as well as in mobile mode. As pump flow is proportional to drive speed and the engine speed is proportional to the rate of entry.

Pumps / motors F1A constant flow type are bidirectional, allowing fluid flow reversal by changing the direction of rotation of the crankshaft.

Coding TECHNICAL

The fluid is recommended to use hydraulic oil for extreme pressure additives.

Viscosity at operating temperature work must be chosen in the optimum efficiency and To sustainability and be between 16 and 36 mm to 2 / sec. In extreme conditions apply

The following values: V min = 10 mm2/sec at a maximum temperature of 90 ⁰ residual oil

V max = 1000 mm2/sec temporary cold start.

Residual oil temperature always lies above the temperature of the tank, so in any plant area will DEPS temperature 90 ⁰ C. In extreme conditions when the above conditions

Can not be met will take additional measures to cool the hydraulic fluid.

Fluid filtration

We recommend a filter fineness return to 10 microns .Este admitted a coarse filter 25-40mm, but wears will be faster. The suction filter is not installed.

Pressure at the pump inlet

Pressure at the pump inlet will be 0.8 to 2.5 bars absolute depending on speed pump drive.

For nominal speed pump inlet pressure is 1 bar absolute.

At other speeds the inlet pressure is calculated by the formula:

Pa =

But below 0.8 bars absolute when used as motor sum pressures entering and leaving the engine must not exceed 350 bars. [32]

Fig. 4.14 Ring covered with polyurethane foam

This image shows the entire ring, covered with polyurethane foam, 3 pair of stairs, 2 of it are for the pugilist and the other third staircase works best for access of ring announcer, ring girls and medical staff. Polyurethane foam, in the same time have 2 roles, one is to protect the pugilists and the second one is to protect the OSB.

The stairs are removable; it depends of the client preferences. Those are not part of the body because when it is down, when is measuring 400 mm in height, the athletes do not need it. The stairs are required when the 2 in 1 boxing ring is at le high level, then it is measuring 910 mm.

In the boxing ring does not contain the stairs because during the training, around the ring should be space for the athletes; those are added at the body only in competitions. The stairs are made of OL45 too, those have to be resistance because there will be a lot of people

who will be climbing the stairs during the competition, here is talking about all the persons who must enter in the ring during the competitions. [33]

Fig. 4.15 Ring covered with polyurethane foam

The distance between the ropes is about 6100 mm, and side by side is 7000 mm. There is a space outside the ropes having the role to protect the pugilist of some incidents. In case of taller boxers are hitting the string, it is possible that one or both legs to slide them outside, to avoid possible accidents outside the string that defines the area of ​​the fight there is a space of about 500 mm which do not allow to slip out of the ring.

In this position the ring is represented in UP position, here its height is about 910 mm.

Fig. 4.16 Ropes stretched by the turnbuckles

1= 1300 mm

2= 300 mm

3= 400 mm

4= 450 mm

5: D=150mm; d=120mm

The above picture shows the distance between ropes, and the distance between floor and first rope. The ropes have the diameter of 40 mm.

The ring rope is made of manila fiber and is approximately four centimeters in thickness. This type of material can withstand even the most strenuous gym activities. To 
provide more protection, foam padding at least 100mm is applied on the rope and covered

with either nylon or vinyl with alternating colors, such as red and blue. The ropes, first of all have the role to define the fight space, it is equal with 610 mm.

Fig. 4.17 Ropes stretched by the turnbuckles

The ropes are founded in 3 colors, red, blue and white, two of them are white, one is blue and the other in red. The colors are imposed by international federation. New ring ropes will make the boxing ring look great and provide you with a safer ring.   

The ropes are ready to use, these ring ropes are complete and are ready to be used in all sanctioned competitions or in your gym. Those ring ropes have a super strong rope that is sewn inside a thick vinyl covering and comes complete with the round connecting rings, rope clamps and vinyl clamp covers, for safety and a great look. [34]

Fig. 4.18 3D representation of turnbuckle

The turnbuckle has the role to keep straight the ropes, it has on both ends a hook. A turnbuckle is a device that applies a force to an object to maintain it in tension. Often the amount of force is adjustable. There are turnbuckles for applying a tensioning force to the ropes and the ring’s pillars. One type of turnbuckle is a large industrial spring. A turnbuckle is used between two objects that should be kept together but that make relative, more or less unpredicted, motions towards each other.

Fig. 4.19 The turnbuckle

Fig. 4.20 The hook stretching the rope

A turnbuckle is a device that applies a force to an object to maintain it in tension. Often the amount of force is adjustable. There are turnbuckles for applying a tensioning force to drive belts and chains, fibers, and bolts. One type of turnbuckle is a large industrial spring. A turnbuckle is used between two objects that should be kept together but that make relative, more or less unpredicted, motions towards each other

The turnbuckle makes sure that independent of the motion the connection remains intact, without elements becoming overstressed. An anchor chain could be defined as the easiest turnbuckle.

The connection between the hook and the rope is done with a ring, the rope turnbuckle offers addition tension to boxing rope with a simple hook and eye straining screw design, a must have addition for maintaining your boxing ring.

Fig. 4.21 The boxing ring corner

Full Velcro at rear so that it will fit in corners tight with any rope size or position, those are covered with DLX UV treated vinyl, Measurements:900mm x 330mm x 100mm.

The corners are the most remarkable elements of the boxing ring. In boxing, each fighter is representing a corner of the ring, there he rests in between rounds and his trainers stand. Normally, three men stand in the corner besides the boxer himself; these are the trainer, the assistant trainer and the cutman. The trainer and assistant typically give advice to the boxer on what he is doing wrong as well as encouraging him if he is losing. The cutman is a cutaneous doctor responsible for keeping the boxer's face and eyes free of cuts and blood. This is of particular importance because many fights are stopped because of cuts that threaten the boxer's eyes.

In addition, the corner is responsible for stopping the fight if they feel their fighter is in grave danger of permanent injury. The corner will occasionally throw in a white towel to signify a boxer's surrender (the idiomatic phrase "to throw in the towel", meaning to give up, derives from this practice).

Ring corner are founded in 3 colors, one is blue, one is red and the other two are white. Those are made of . Polyurethane foam, between the rounds, the pugilist will be more relaxed because.

The cover gives to the ring an aesthetic view, it makes the boxing ring to be more luxurious, [35]

Fig. 4.22 Perspective view of the high ring

1= 910mm

2= 200mm

3= 200mm

The picture shows the boxing ring having the maximum stroke (910 mm); this is the position which has to be used during the competition, to comply the rules. When a ring is elevated, it should not be more than 121920 mm above the ground, the 2 in 1 ring is 910 mm, it respect the AIBA regulation. The main frame is measuring 200 mm and the second one 200 mm too.

Fig. 4.23 Top view of the 2 in 1 boxing ring

Fig. 4.24 Side view of the ring

The above picture shows a side view of the ring, there are visible the fixing holes, where are attached the washers. Those have the role to give more resistance to the body. The

hole diameter is 20 mm, a washer is a thin plate with a hole, positioned in the middle of the pillar, that is normally used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener, such as a screw or nut. Other uses are as a spacer, spring, wear pad, preload indicating device, locking device, cover up engineering mistakes, and to reduce vibration.

This locking washer prevents fastening loosening by preventing unscrewing rotation of the fastening device; locking washers are usually also spring washers. [36]

Fig. 4.25 Perspective view of down ring

Fig. 4.26 Perspective view of the ring

1= 400 mm

2= 990 mm

3= 863 mm

The above picture shows is the down position of the 2 in 1 boxing ring. It is measuring 400 mm, it is ready to be used by pugilists to train themselves. The ring respect all the rules of the international federation of boxing, in the regulation is founded the fact that during the training the boxing ring have to measure 400 in height.

Fig. 4.27 Frontal view of the ring

Conclusion

After calculations and documentation, we concluded that such a boxing ring meets requirements of a large range of gym owners and other clients, because it offers to them space, comfort, stability and safety.

First of all, this kind of boxing ring helps the owners to save money, space and time. That’s essential in our days, it’s supposed that we are living in the “world of speed”, that’s the principal strength point of the product. Beside those things, the materials used are one more good point, the polyurethane foam gave to the pugilists more comfort, safety and in the same protect him from all kinds of accidents in case of sliding or other ways of falling down.

Being a 2 in 1 boxing ring, the cost is just a little bigger than to a simple one, it comes in principle because there is one frame and one motor in plus, beside the normal one which contains just a frame. At the moment this product is expensive than a normal one, but for the professionals it is perfect, they do not have to buy 2 products, as long as this one exists, at the professional level it is compulsory to have a ring to train the pugilist and another one for competition. Finally they spend a little more money than usually.

The final product is a durable one, the used materials are high quality, the structure

Being made of OL 45, it gives stability and long life to the product, the floor is covered with durable and easy to maintain materials. The turnbuckles are covered with polyurethane foam and vinyl, which give a beautiful look to the entire body, the covers protects the turnbuckle and give to it long life, protecting it from external facts.

The chosen motor helps the entire body to get up and down, it is the most important optimization of the project. It helps the ring to be a 2 in 1 boxing ring, training and competition just in one ring.

All the elements make a remarkable and innovative boxing ring, it will attract a lot of new owners, eager to spend a little money on a new and revolutionary boxing ring.

The final product achieve the main objective, it save money, time and space, and in the same time respect all the rules required by the international federation.