CHARACTERISTICS OF POULTRY MANURE Gheorghe L ăzăroiu 1, Lucian Mih ăescu 1, Ionel Pî șă 1, Gabriel Negreanu 1, Dana Ciup ăgeanu 1, Andreya Bondrea 1,… [615847]

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EXPERIMENTS ON THE ENERGY
CHARACTERISTICS OF POULTRY MANURE

Gheorghe L ăzăroiu 1, Lucian Mih ăescu 1, Ionel Pî șă 1, Gabriel Negreanu 1,
Dana Ciup ăgeanu 1, Andreya Bondrea 1, Viorel Berbece 1, Victor Galbur ă2, Mihai Tîr șu2

1University Politehnica of Bucharest
2Power Enginnering Institute of the Academy of Scien ces of Moldova

ABSTRACT

The paper presents the methodology for revealing th e energy charactersitics of poultry manure,
collected from the storage facility of a chicken br eedind farm. The collection of data on the possibi lity
of its combustion for economic or ecologic-energy p urposes point of views was considered. Six tests
were performed, including technical analysis, eleme ntal analysis, lower calorific value and ignition
temperature.

1. INTRODUCTION

Poultry chickens can be regarded as a fertilizer bu t also as a possible polluter depending
on the area and the amount of storage. Starting fro m ecological considerations, the issue of
burning it is raised in an energy system with suppo rt from a fossil fuel.
The chicken breeding technology requires a wood or straw bed, so that a manure and solid
biomass mixture occurs when removing the waste.

2. METHODOLOGY

The research was performed on poultry manure collec ted from for a chicken farm in
Moldova region (Romania), the bed being made of gra in straw. The straws represent about
10-12 % of the total weight.
Figure 1 shows the appearance of the waste taken fr om the temporary warehouse located
next to the production halls. It was taken into con sideration that a burning recovery would
appeal to the temporary storage facility.

Figure 1: Waste appearance in the temporary storage facility

1 email: [anonimizat].

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The full energy features of the poultry manure incl ude:
• technical analysis;
• elemental analysis;
• lower calorific value.

Six tests were run during the determinations to fin d the margin of dispersion of the
elements defining the characteristics presented. Th e average bulk density of waste was 98
kg/m3. Table 1 presents the results of the technical ana lysis at the initial condition:

Table 1 Results of technical analysis at initial co ndition
Test
Characteristic I II III IV V VI
Moisture, W i
t, % 36.1 35.6 37.2 38.1 39.1 40.3
Volatile, V i, % 50.2 48.8 47.4 46.5 45.3 44.6
Ash, A i, % 6.2 7.1 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2
Fixed carbon, C i
f, % 7.5 8.5 9.1 9.2 9.4 8.9

Analyzing the volatile content, it is noted that th ey have a very high percentage of oxygen,
resulting a low low combustible gas (CO, CH 4).
Figure 2 shows the ballast (sum of humidity and ash ) variation and fixed carbon according
to the results of the six tests).

Figure 2 Fixed carbon and ballast for each test

The appearance of ash is whitish with particles wit hout agglutination. These conclusions
on ash demonstrate the possibility of evacuating it with classical installations at the outbreak
of a combustion plant. The results of elemental ana lysis for the six samples are presented in
Table 2.

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Table 2 Energy characteristics of poultry manure
Test
Characteristic [%]
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
Ci 16.2 14.4 12.1 12.3 13.3 11.2
Hi 4.7 4.5 4.9 4.2 4.3 4.4
Sci 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8
Oi 33.5 35.1 36.1 35.7 33.9 34.4
Ni 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7
Ai 6.2 7.1 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2
Wi
t 36.1 35.6 37.2 38.1 39.1 40.3

The lower calorific power variation for the six sam ples is presented in Table 3. The
calorific value was calculated by means of formula:

() []kg kJ W S O H C Hi
ti
ci i i i
i / 1 , 25 109 1029 339 −−− += (1)

Table 3 Lower calorific value (LCV) of the poultry manure
LCV – Hi
i, Test
I II III IV V VI
[kJ/kg] 5955.9 5172.9 4460.7 3829.2 4434.3 3795.5

The results of analyzes proved the following charac teristics:
• high total humidity (W i
t);
• high sulfur sulphur (S i
c) content;
• high oxygen content (O i);
• small LCV (H i
i).

This LCV pool confirms the hypothesis of a sustain ed hydrocarbon combustion as heat
input and the use of an uncooled combustion chamber . This fuel has similarities with peat or
brown coals.
In order to find the ignition temperature specific to a combustion on the grate in an
uncooled furnace (surrounded with chamotte brick wa lls) was determined by introducing a
quantity of 200 g into such small furnace, provided with an electric heater behind the
chamotte. Figure 3 shows the appearance of ignition (the corresponding temperature was
measured in the range of 875-950 șC).

Figure 3 Moment of poultry manure ignition

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3. CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, the analysis of the energy characte ristics of poultry waste demonstrates the
possibility of its combustion as a production of en ergy in a certain amount compared to the
total obtained and with a thermal support fuel.
The combustion plant is expected to be equipped wi th a mobile-inclined grate, located in
a uncooled furnace provided with a chamotte incline d vault, in order to cause the ignition by
its radiation.

AKNOWLEDGEMENTS

„This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation,
CCCDI – UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCD I-2017-0404/31PCCDI/2018, and
project number 37BMPNIII-P3-199/2016-I05.16.01, wit hin PNCDI III”

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