B.Project director [602378]

B.Project director
B1. Curriculum Vitae of project director
Personal information
First name/Surname: Beatrice Agneta Szilagyi
Address: 7/34 Hortensiei st., 430294, Baia Mare (Romania)
Mobile: +40 744 786 455
E-mail: [anonimizat]
Nationality: Romanian
Date of birth: 16/06/1983
Gender: Female
Work experience
Dates: 30/09/2015–Present
Occupation or position held: Garden administrator
Name and address of employer: S.C. Garden Design S.R.L., Baia Mare (Romania)
Main activities and responsabilities : Adaptability of the Asimina triloba species in Baia Mare and
the assurance of optimal conditions for maintaining the viability of seeding material
Dates: 02/04/2014–01/07/2015
Occupation or position held: Outside consultant in undergraduate and doctoral projects
Name and address of employer: S.C. Garden Design S.R.L., Baia Mare (Romania)
Main activities and responsabilities: Supply documentary and experimental material for completing
projects
Dates: 02/12/2012–01/04/2014
Occupation or position held: Garden technical consultant
Name and address of employer: S.C. Ambient S.A., Baia Mare (Romania)
Main activities and responsabilities: Drafted and managed projects and managed landscape projects
Dates: 01/04/2011–01/12/2012
Occupation or position held: Garden administrator
Name and address of employer: S.C. Ambient S.A., Baia Mare (Romania)
Main activities and responsabilities: Implemented, monitored and verified marketing projects
Education and training
Dates : 01/10/2008–30/07/2015
Title of qualification awarded: Doctor in Horticulture
Name and type of organisation providing education and training: University of Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca (Romania)
1

Thesis subject: Research regarding the biology and cultivation technology of the Asimin triloba (L.)
Dunal plant with a view toward its introduction among the ornamental plants of the Baia Mare area.
http://www.usamvcluj.ro/files/teze/2015/szilagyi.pdf
http://www.usamvcluj.ro/files/comisie/2015/szilagyi2.pdf
Title obtained: PhD
Dates: 2007–2009
Title of qualification awarded: Master's degree
Name and type of organisation providing education and training: Faculty of Horticulture, University
of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca (Romania)
Specialization: Horticulture
Discipline studied: Cultivation of horticultural plants in a controlled climate
Title obtained: Master's
Dates: 2002-2007
Title of qualification awarded: Engineer's diploma
Title obtained: Engineer with diploma in landscape architecture
Specialization: Landscape architecture
Personal skills and competences
Mother tongue(s): Romanian, Hungarian
Other
language(s):

English
French
(*) Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
Organisational / managerial skills
Organizing and coordinating landscape management projects
Job-related skills
Planning, managing and maintaining green spaces, drafting orders for dendro-floral material,
analyzing spaces to be landscaped, executing plans, measurements and technical drawings,
preparing computerized images;
Created "Gardener's calendar. Guide to seasonal works" in the year 2014 Ambient Total Catalogue;
Implemented the "Landscape architecture technique" project (in the year 2011).Understanding Speaking Writing
Listening Reading Spoken interaction Spoken production
X X X X X
X X X X X
2

B2. Representative and significant scientific achievements
Research carried out by the project director aimed at introducing the Asimina triloba
(L.) Dunal species into the landscape array of Baia Mare has included:
The interests of project director dr. Szilagyi Beatrice Agneta, which have focused on studies
referring to the problem of introducing the Asimina triloba species into the array of ornamental
plants in Baia Mare with a view toward improving the city's air quality .
The results found in the doctoral thesis titled "Research regarding the biology and
cultivation technology of the Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal plant with a view toward introducing it
among the array of ornamental plants in the Baia Mare area" , covering a work of over six years of
involved research and studies.
Research undertaken by the project director for the doctoral thesis offers a new way of using
the Asimina triloba plant, namely as an ornamental perspective and the usefulness of improving air
quality meant to accompany and to complete the current landscaping of green spaces in Baia Mare.
During this period (2008-2015), the project director obtained results regarding the
phenology and morphology of Asimina triloba plants in the prevalent conditions of Transylvania,
results about the production technology for seeding material of this species, cultivation technology
for Asimina triloba seedlings and plants, cultivated in Baia Mare, and finally results about the
species' landscaping value.
Wishing to bring about significant contributions to the improvement of the urban
microclimate in Baia Mare, the project director performed a series of observations and
determinations regarding the content of sedimentary dust captured on Asimina triloba leaves and of
the decorative species in a landscaped urban ensemble. The results obtained are presented clearly,
concisely, in a manner that is convincing for readers.
Given the project theme of postdoctoral research, publication of the book titled "Eco-
landscaping potential of urban green spaces in Baia Mare (Maramureș)" , contributes to the
adaptation and introduction of the Asimina triloba species to Romania.
The book, published by the accredited press CNSIS, is unique in the specialty literature and
opens new perspectives for expanding the cultivation of this species in various regions of our
country.
The book's contents as a whole are relevant for specialists in pomiculture and landscape
architecture as well as for amateurs passionate about cultivating new species, among them Asimina
triloba.
In this context, the contributions of the director are as follows:
3

● publication of the first book (main author) that discusses the green spaces of Baia Mare, describes
the Asimina triloba species from an ornamental perspective, improving air quality as well as the
possibilities of its introduction in Baia Mare (Szilagyi and collab, 2015) ;
● completion of interpretive statistics research into predictions regarding the vegetative evolution of
Asimina triloba trees in the urban green spaces of Baia Mare (Szilagyi and collab., 2014);
www.rombio.ro
● observations regarding the phenology of flowering in Asimina triloba in the conditions of
Transylvania (Szilagyi and collab., 2016); www.sesiuneinternationalamuzeulolteniei.ro
● studies into the urban parks of Baia Mare in conformity with European norms, placement and
drafting of situation plans of the parks studied, monitoring of extant vegetation and its distribution
into decorative categories as well as determining the functionality of parks from an aesthetic
viewpoint, and making contributions on the utility of parks (Szilagyi and collab, 2015);
● studies regarding the container cultivation technique for Asimina triloba seedlings with a view
toward their use as seeding and planting material, determining the influence of culture substrate and
fertilizer (Szilagyi and collab., 2015);
● determinations regarding the morphology of Asimina triloba fruits and seeds in the conditions of
Transylvania (Szilagyi and collab., 2016);
● determining the acclimatization and resistance capacities of Asimina triloba in the soil of Baia
Mare, polluted with heavy metals (Szilagyi and Marian, 2011);
● preoccupations regarding green spaces in polluted areas. Environmental impact determined,
conditions for improving surrounding environmental conditions laid down, air quality monitored
through bioindicators, taking the main anti-pollution measures and listing the changing influences
on the urban microclimate (Maramureș) (Szilagyi, 2010);
● research regarding the landscape improvement of urban green spaces in Baia Mare and improving
the urban eco-climate through reducing the quantity of pollutants. Eco-landscaping results obtained
through introducing Asimina triloba individually and as an ornamental, and also alongside other
decorative tree and bush species currently in place (Szilagyi, 2010; Szilagyi and Marian, 2011);
● principles of landscape architecture discussed from the perspective of art and science, referring to
the evolution of landscape architecture trends and the interest expressed by the most renowned
landscape architects over time (Szilagyi, 2010).
B3. Defining elements of the project director's notable scientific achievements
Articles
ISI article
4

Szilagyi Beatrice Agneta , Stănică Florin, Dănăilă-Guidea Silvana Mihaela, 2016. Flowering of
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal in the conditions of Transylvania. In “Oltenia. Studii și comunicări.
Științele Naturii”. Vol. XXXII, No.1, pp. 50-54, ISSN:1454-6914 (edited by the Oltenia Museum
Craiova). ISI indexed (http://science.thomsonreuters.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jlresults.cgi?
PC=MASTER&Word=oltenia).
Beatrice Agneta Szilagyi , Dănăilă-Guidea Silvana, Monica Marian, 2014. Statistical interpretation
of some growth parameters for Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal. In: Romanian Biotechnological Letters.
Volume 19, No. 4: 9493-9503, ISSN: 1224-5984 (http://www.rombio.eu/ ).
Articles published in BDI magazines
Szilagyi B.A., Florin Stănică, Dănăilă-Guidea S.M. , 2016. Study the morphology of Asimina
triloba (L.) Dunal fruits and seeds obtained in the Transilvania region of Romania. Current Trends
in Natural Sciences (on line), Volume 5, No. 9, pp: 79-83. ISSN: 2284-953X, ISSN-L: 2284-9521,
Current Trends in Natural Sciences (CD-Rom), ISSN: 2284-9521, ISSN-L: 2284-9521.
Participation in international meetings
Szilagyi B. A., Zaharia D., Dănăilă-Guidea S.M., Mare-Roșca O., Marian M., Mihalescu L., Voșgan
Z., Glodean I., 2015. The landscape of parks in the municipality of Baia Mare from an aesthetic-
urban perspective. International Conference Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture, 2015, Edition
IV, USAMV Bucharest. Published in: Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture, Volume LIX, pp:
405-408. Print ISSN 2285-5653, CD-ROM ISSN 2285-5661, Online ISSN 2286-1580, ISSN-L
2285-5653 (poster).
Beatrice Agneta Szilagyi , Monica Marian, 2011. Testing the Resistance of Asimina triloba (L.)
Dunal in Soil Polluted with Heavy Metals on the Periphery of Baia Mare. The 10th International
Symposium Prospects for the 3th Millennium Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and
Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, 29 September – 1 October 2011, Edition X, USAMV Cluj-
Napoca. Published in: Bulletin. Series B, Horticulture, Volume 68 (1), pp: 557. Print ISSN 1843-
5254, Electronic ISSN 1843-5394 (poster).
2. Books/book chapters
Book published by a CNCSIS-accredited press
Szilagyi Beatrice Agneta , Mare-Roșca Oana, Dănăilă-Guidea Silvana Mihaela, 2015. Eco-
Landscaping Potential of Green Spaces in Baia Mare (Maramureș). Ed. Ex Terra Aurum, Bucharest,
176 p., ISBN:978-606-93906-3-4.
Relevant Book Chapters for the project topic:
Chapter II: Evolution of landscape architecture and its applicability in Romania : 2.1 Beginnings of
garden art in Romania; 2.1.1 Gardens in Transylvania and the Banat; 2.1.2 Gardens in Wallachia;
2.1.3 Gardens in Moldavia.
5

Chapter III: Landscape character of the Baia Mare parks through the introduction of Asimina
triloba (L.) Dunal: 3.1 How they fit into the territory; 3.2 Comparative analysis of the green spaces
in Mara Central Park and the Park of the Romanian Soldiers' Monument in the landscape
architecture context of Baia Mare
Chapter IV: State of biological knowledge regarding the Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal plant with a
view toward its introduction among ornamental species: 4.1 Knowledge of Asimina triloba (L.)
Dunal in Romania and abroad; 4.2 Biology and ecology of Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal
Chapter V: Aspects regarding the introduction of the Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal species into the
green spaces of Baia Mare.
5.1Aspects regarding the decorative potential of Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal
5.2Research regarding the artificial installation of Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal in Baia Mare
5.3Research regarding the usefulness of Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal in the physical cleansing of
the atmosphere in Baia Mare
5.4Listing of the contents of sedimental dust taken from the leaves of Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal
and of decorative species in an urban landscaping ensemble
5.5Pedological analysis of gardens in Baia Mare landscaped using Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal
Chapter VI: Proposals and solutions for landscape remodeling of urban green spaces in Baia Mar e.
6.1Betterment possibilities for the urban green spaces in Mara Central Park and the Park of the
Romanian Soldiers' Monument.
Articles published in BDI magazines
Beatrice Agneta Szilagyi , Oana Mare-Roșca, Zaharia Dumitru, Silvana Mihaela D ănăilă-Guidea,
Monica Marian, Lucia Mihalescu, Zorica Vo șgan, 2015. The culture of Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal
seedlings with a view toward their development as planting material. C urrent Trends in Natural
Sciences (on line), Volume 4, No. 7, pp: 23-31. ISSN: 2284-953X, ISSN-L: 2284-9521, Current
Trends in Natural Sciences (CD-Rom), ISSN: 2284-9521, ISSN-L: 2284-9521.
Beatrice Agneta Szilagyi , Monica Marian, 2011. Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal in the Context of
Integrating the Species into the Baia Mare Urban Space. The 10th International Symposium
Prospects for the 3th Millennium Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, 29 September – 1 October 2011, Edition X, USAMV Cluj-Napoca.
Published in: Bulletin. Series B, Horticulture, Volume 68 (1), pp: 433- 436. Print ISSN 1843-5254,
Electronic ISSN 1843-5394.
Beatrice Agneta Szilagyi , Monica Marian, 2011. Morphological and Physiological Features of The
Species Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, Introduced as an Ornamental Plant in Baia Mare (Maramureș
Country, Romania). Analele Universității din Oradea, Fascicula Biologie, Ed. Universității din
Oradea, Tom.XVIII, pp: 168-175. ISSN 1224-5119.
6

Articles published domestically in non peer-reviewed magazines
Monica Marian, Beatrice Agneta Szilagyi, 2013. Statistical Instruments Used in Environmental
Assessment Validation of Newly Introduced Species. In Abstracts and Pre-Procedings, 9th
International Conference on Applied Mathematics, pp: 89-90.
C.Mentor
C1. Curriculum Vitae of mentor
Personal information
First name/Surname: Florin STĂNICĂ
Address: Sos. Banatului, Nr. 14, Bl. 21, Ap. 239, 077045, Chitila, Ilfov, Romania
Telephone: 0040.21.3182266
Mobile: 0040.722.641795; 0040.755.070412
Fax: 0040.21.3182888
E-mail: flstanica@ yahoo.co.uk
Nationality: Romanian
Date of birth: August 25th 1964
Gender: Male
Occupational field
Professor of Pomology, Department Bioengineering of Horti-Viticultural Systems;
Since 8 years Vice-Rector at University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Bucharest; Correspondent member, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Section of
Horticulture. 29 years Work experience, 25 teaching and researcher, 3 years President and 3 years
Secretary of EUFRIN, 3 years Prime Vice President of SRH, 3 years Romanian Representative in
the ISHS Board, 4 years Science Secretary of the Faculty of Horticulture.
Work experience
Dates: Since-2008-Present
Occupation or position held: Vice-Rector
Main activities and responsibilities: Students, Internal and International Relations
Name and address of employer: University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine,
Bucharest;
Type of business or sector: Education and Research
Dates: Since-2005-Present
Occupation or position held: Professor
Main activities and responsibilities: Teaching and Research
Name and address of employer: University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine,
7

Bucharest, Pomology Department;
Type of business or sector: Education and Research
Dates: -2000-2004
Occupation or position held: Associate Professor
Main activities and responsibilities: Teaching and Research
Name and address of employer: University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine,
Bucharest, Pomology Department;
Type of business or sector: Education and Research
Foreign Work experience
Dates:- June 2015
Program: – Invitation of the Hebei Bureau for Foreign Experts Affairs. Visit to Hebei, Shandong and
Jiangsu Province
Dates: – September 2014
Program: – Collaboration program 40, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, in
the framework of the 40th Session of the Romanian-Chinese Scientific and Technological
Cooperation Committee (“Organic apple cultivation for yellow varieties”)
Dates: – September 2013
Program: – Collaboration program 40, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in the framework
of the 40th Session of the Romanian-Chinese Scientific and Technological Cooperation Committee
(“China-Romania Agricultural Science and Innovation Park”)
Dates: – June 2009
Program: – Collaboration program 39, Shanxi Academy of Forestry Sciences, in the framework of
the 39th Session of the Romanian-Chinese Scientific and Technological Cooperation Committee
Dates:- September 2005
Program: – Leonardo Program, with Facolta’ di Agraria Perugia and Vitroplant Italia, Cesena, Italy,
Project RO 2004-93009-EX: „Professional formation of formators and European regulation
regarding the environment”
Dates: – October 2001
Program: – World Bank and CNFIS Grant no. 45154/2000, at INRA Angers, France
Dates: – October 1999
Program: – Collaboration program 35.17 with Shanxi Science&Technology Commission in the
framework of the 35th Romanian-Chinese Scientific and Technological Cooperation Committee
Dates: – September 1997
Program: – Collaboration program 34.06, Ningxia Horticultural Institute, in the framework of the
34th Romanian-Chinese Scientific and Technological Cooperation Committee
8

Dates: – August 1996
Program: – Collaboration programs 33.12, 333.03 and 333.06 with Shanxi Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Shanxi Forestry Research Institute and respectively Hebei Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, in the framework of the 33rd Romanian-Chinese Scientific and Technological
Cooperation Committee.
C2. List of the most important scientific publications
1.AL MASOODY M. M.M., Stănică F. 2015, “Effect of Growth Regulators on In Vitro Callus
Formation of Rosemary Plant (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)”, Bulletin UASVM Cluj-Napoca.
Horticulture, DOI:10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:10981.
2.Sturzeanu M., Ancu I., Stănică F., 2015, Study regarding the quality of fruits to some
strawberry cultivars after storage period, Romanian Biotechnological Letters, Vol. 20, No. 1,
10176-10182.
3.Stănică F., Eremia A., 2012, Behaviour of some new apricot varieties under the parallel
trident planting system. 10th ISHS International Symposium on Orchard Systems,
Stellenbosch Univ. (3-6 Dec.) Acta Hort. (ISHS) 1058:129-136, DOI:
10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1058.13 , (http://www.actahort.org/books/1058/1058_13.htm ).
4.Platon I., Jakab Zs., Stănică F., 2012, Effect of planting system on two apple varieties
cultivated in the North-Eastern part of Romania. 10th ISHS International Symposium on
Orchard Systems, Stellenbosch Univ. (3-6 Dec.) Acta Hort. (ISHS) 1058:181-184, DOI:
DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1058.20 ,
(http://www.actahort.org/books/1058/1058_20.htm ).
5.Matei T., Stănică F., Gâlă R.A., 2011, The Effect of Planting System on Canopy
Architecture of Some New Peach Varieties Cultivated in the Southern Part of Romania,
Second Balkan Symposium on Fruit Growing, ISHS, ICDP Pitesti, September 5-7. Acta
Hort. (ISHS) 981:289-293 , http://www.actahort.org/books/981/981_44.htm
6.Stănică F., Cotruț R., Zuccherelli G., 2006, New Selections of PawPaw (Asimina triloba
(L) Dunal). Proceeding of XXVII International Horticultural Congress – IHC2006:
International Symposium on Enhancing Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Fruit
Production in a Global Economy , Seoul, Korea. Ed.-in-Chief: J.W. Palmer, Acta Hort. 772
(ISHS-2008): 203-206 , (https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.772.28 ).
9

Description of research project
D1. Issues
The problem of climate change continues to figure on the priority agenda of the European
Union, with the subject returning to the attention of heads of state and government during the
European Council meeting of March 2016. That meeting's conclusions highlight the need to ratify
an accord between the EU and its member states as soon as possible
(https://www.mae.ro/node/1663 ).
Climate change represents one of the greatest threats to the environment, to the social and
economic framework (http://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/themes/climate/about-climate-change ).
The objectives for stimulating ecological growth presuppose measures to fight climate
change over the long term (https://europa.eu/european-union/topics/climate-action_ro ).
The long-term objective of UNFCCC is "to stabilize the concentrations of atmospheric
greenhouse gases at a level that will prevent dangerous man-made interference with the climate
system” (http://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/themes/climate/policy-context ).
As a Member State of the European Union, Romania has made contributions in the
international effort to reduce GES emissions and to adapt to the effects of climate change. The
Environment and Climate Change Ministry plays an important role in the Climate Change Strategy
(2013-2020) and proposes key measures, to be implemente (http://mmediu.ro/new/?page_id=2816 ).
At present, the urban green infrastructure influences urban society both directly and
indirectly. Thus, environment quality is interdependent with: climate variations, air quality, noise
pollution and the surrounding aesthetics (Szilagyi and collab., 2015).
In the urban sector, implementing the project regarding forest curtains for protecting large
cities in valley areas would be a key step for reducing greenhouse gases (GES) and adapting to the
effects of climate change (http://mmediu.ro/new/?page_id=2821 ).
Given that urban green spaces have been reduced considerably in Romania, managing urban
green infrastructure must form part of the general process of urban regeneration as an essential
condition for improving quality of life (Chiriac and collab, 2009).
Following research he conducted, Prof. Carlo Fideghelli (2016) brought to light the fact that
the problem of global warming raises difficulties in the matter of fruit trees' adaptability in southern
Italy, momentarily affecting cherry and apricot cultivation. This condition attracts attention to the
fact that under current conditions, the problem of fruit trees' adaptability will be noticed in even
greater areas of temperate climate. Thus, prompt intervention is necessary in order to improve the
array of plant species that do not pose problems of adaptability.
At a national level, Romania has involved itself with biodiversity protection. In June 2008, it
took over the presidency of the Carpathian Convention for a period of three years, its general
10

objective being the conservation and development of the Carpathian region with a view toward
improving quality of life for locals and conserving natural and cultural values (Răileanu, 2014).
Marinelli (2004), observes that among the primary factors that cause the extinction of native
and introduced plants are climate change, irreversible habitat destruction, commercial exploitation
of endangered species, invasion by adapted species and environmental pollution.
Bolea and Chira (2009), emphasize the fact that among the vital environmental factors, air is
the one that humans use in the greatest quantity, on average 15 kg in 24 hours, and which we cannot
do without for a period longer than a few minutes.
Likewise, the quality of air breathed depends on oxygen-generating and noxious gas-
absorbing vegetation. In 24 hours, a tree with a height of 25 m and a crown diameter of 15 m:
produces 40,8 kg oxygen, sufficient for 72 people;
removes 15,1 kg CO 2 from the atmosphere and incorporates it into biomass, reducing the
“greenhouse effect”;
accumulates or even metabolizes airborne toxins such as: sulphur, fluoride, chlorine,
iron, lead, copper, zinc, atrium, manganese, cadmium (Szilagyi, 2010).
The problem of preserving biodiversity at the level of ecosystems, species, populations and
genera becomes increasingly acute due to the intensification of human impact on the biosphere.
Regarding flora, this is a dynamic element that changes periodically under influence of the
environment (Erzsebet and collab., 2010).
Cantor (2008), notes that certain types, varieties and hybrids have lost disease resistance and
have suffered a biological degradation over time due to abrupt temperature changes, which requires
an improvement in the current array of ornamental plants (Erzsebet and collab., 2010).
The diversity of ornamental plants, a fundamental element in landscape design
arrangements, forms the main component of urban green spaces. The landscape design of urban
green spaces in our country requires constant improvements. Thus, we recommend both a
landscape-based improvement of extant decorative species arrangements, as well as the introduction
of new ornamental species (Szilagyi, 2015).
In Romania, the Constitution guarantees everyone's right to a healthy environment (Art. 35).
In this context, through Law nr. 24/2007 regarding the implementation and administration of green
spaces in urban areas, urban green spaces are defined as a mosaic-like network or a system of semi-
natural ecosystems, the specific characteristics of which are determined by vegetation (woody, tree-
like, etc) and include parks, squares, plant arrangements, etc.
At present, in the context of climate change, the main concerns have to do with tree
vegetation in urban spaces, for their capacity to improve the environment, reduce extreme
temperatures and noise.
11

The health improving and ornamental value of Asimina triloba creates ever greater scientific
and eco-landscaping interest. The ornamental value of the Asimina triloba plant is drawing ever
greater scientific and landscaping interest. In our country, the interest shown in Asimina triloba is
ever more pronounced, causing the level of studies to be ever higher (Szilagyi, 2015).
The credit for introducing this species to Romania goes to an immigrant family from N-W
Transylvania (Pianu de Sus, Alba County), who in the early 20th century were the first Romanian
citizens interested in Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal plants. In 1926, members of this family, the Suciu
family, returned to Romania from the US state of Ohio with several fruits and seeds of Asimina
triloba (L.) Dunal (Stănică, 2012).
Asimina triloba is the only decorative tree species (fig. 1) that forms part of the Annonaceae
family and originates in North America. As shown by fossils discovered in New Jersey, Asimina
triloba (L.) Dunal existed in the Miocene or even the Eocene. Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal fossils
discovered in Mississippi indicate that the plan existed tends of thousands of years before humans
appeared on the planet (Peterson, 1999).

Figure 1. Flowering in Asimina triloba in various stages
Sursa: dr. Szilagyi Beatrice Agneta/Sorce: dr. Szilagyi Beatrice Agneta
Its cultivation area is continually expanding, from temperate-subtropical zones to those with
more severe climates, as well as from North America to Europe, Asia and South America. This
exotic plant is little known in Europe (outside Italy) and particularly in Romania (Szilagyi, 2015).
In Romania from 1999-2005, at the fruit tree department of the Horticulture Faculty of the
Bucharest University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, research was carried out
into the reproduction of fruit species from the Annonaceae family. Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal was
covered in the first doctoral thesis, titled "Research into reproduction of fruit tree species in the
Annonaceae family – Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal", by horticultural engineer Silvana Mihaela Ariton
(currently Dănăilă-Guidea). Research particularly focused on reproduction and obtaining seedlings
necessary for establishing a plantation in the areas suitable for this species.
12

Figure 2. Formation of leaves and fruits in Asimina triloba
Sursa: dr. Szilagyi Beatrice Agneta/Sorce: dr. Szilagyi Beatrice Agneta
Later, research focused on the biology and cultivation technology of Asimina triloba with
the purpose of offering a new way to benefit from it – that is, as an ornamental species (fig. 2),
meant to accompany and complement the extant arrangements of green spaces in Baia Mare
(Szilagyi, 2015).
With a view toward introducing Asimina triloba into the array of ornamental plants in Baia
Mare, the following studies were carried out by Szilagyi and collaborators, 2015:
aspects regarding the decorative potential of the plant in Maramures County were
determined;
 research regarding the artificial installation of the species in Baia Mare was carried out;
 research regarding the species' utility in the physical cleanup of the Baia Mare
atmosphere was performed;
 the contents of sedimental dust captured by Asimina triloba leaves and of ornamental
plant leaves in a decorative urban ensemble was analyzed (Baia Mare);
determinations were made regarding the concentrations of metals in the leave so
Asimina triloba and the substrate pertaining to its culture.
In terms of solutions for clime change, the temperate climate exotic species Asimina triloba
represents an optimal solution for the public parks and urban gardens of Romania. In the context of
climate change, the artificial introduction of Asimina triloba into the public green spaces of
Romania, is supported and encouraged by its resistance to diseases and pests, as well as its
heightened level of adaptability to Romania's climate conditions.
D2. Objectives
Following an analysis of the current state of knowledge about the project theme, we need a
new approach to Asimina triloba:
introducing the Asimina triloba plant into the urban green spaces of Romania, in the
context of improving air quality in its parks and gardens;
13

restoring habitat by ensuring the protection of plots near the urban parks and gardens of
Romania;
biological diversification of vegetation extant in the green spaces of Romania improving
the current array of ornamental plants and the floral structure of green spaces in
Romania;
reducing the effects of climate change in metropolitan area;
knowing and promoting the plant from a landscape architecture bioclimatology
perspective.
With this goal in mind, the following objectives have been formulated:
generating seedling material in the field in the climate conditions extant at Romania;
urban landscape architecture conceptual studies of Asimina triloba in public green
spaces of Romania (parks and urban gardens) embodied through introducing and using
the health and landscape benefits of the Asimina triloba plant;
research into landscape architecture bioclimatology in urban green space of Romania.
D3. Impact
Given the scientifically demonstrated fact that Asimina triloba is a good atmospheric
purifier, as seen through the evidence of dust sediment content retained by the leaves of Asimina
triloba (Szilagyi, 2015).
By introducing the species into the public green spaces of Romania, the purification and
improvement of air quality in the area in which it is artificially introduced would be spurred.
Likewise, the high nutritional value of this species' fruits can have a beneficial impact and deepen
scientific research in this area. The economic sector can be impacted, due to a growing possibility
of the interest shown by consumers from the fruits of Asimina triloba. Diversification of the plant's
use in temperate climates can have a pronounced health and landscape architecture benefit, can
represent an objective for further research with a view toward using the plants in different
categories of green space in Romania.
The project represents a contribution toward improving the urban macroclimate and the eco-
lanscaping potential in the public green spaces of Romania. With its health-promoting and
landscape architecture role, the management of tree, bush and flower vegetation in public parks and
urban gardens of Romania, forms a fundamental element of the surrounding environment,
determinative for air quality. In order to contribute to the improvement of air quality in the context
of climate change effects, implementing the results of this project is recommended at an
international level in all temperate climate regions.
14

Spurred by the negative effects of climate change, among the newest research tendencies is
that of bioclimate landscaping , the laying the basis for a new domain of study.
D4. Methodology
Regarding research methodology , we will undertake studies, measurements, observations
and monitoring related to each objective.
The first aspect to consider is the obtaining of vigorous seedling material in the climate
conditions extant at Romania (in the field) with a purpose of introducing Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal
into the urban green spaces (parks and public gardens) of Romania. For this, we will perform the
following operations:
biometrization of the Asimina triloba seeds used in the study, with a digital calipers,
determining their morphological characteristics (length and width);
weighing the seeds with an electronic scale;
the seeding itself in a culture substrate ( Sphagnum moss, substrate for stimulating
germination, garden soil, peat moss, in proportion of 1:1:1:1);
determining the pedoclimatic conditions through the monitorization of environmental
factors (temperature, air and soil humidity). Observations are carried out from the time
of sowing until the end of the seed germination process in the conditions of the north and
south of the country. Registering the values is done at the same times every day (10:00
and 17:00), the measures being done with specific apparatus (drill);
determining the conditions of photosynthesis in the period of growth of seedlings;
determining seeds' capacity to germinate.
The second goal of this project , is completing studies and determinations in order to bring
new to bring new solutions for the basis and ecological diversification of the current array of
ornamental plans in public parks and gardens with an urban characteristic in Romania.
Our purpose is, on the one hand, to bring forth the landscaping and health benefitting effects
of introducing Asimina triloba into the public green spaces of Romania (metropolitan parks), in the
context of climate change. On the other hand, through the aspects discussed, to promote a
cultivation of interest, passion, respect and, last but not least, love for vegetation of Romanian’s
people.
Seeking to achieve this objective, we perform the following operations:
phenological and morphological observations of the Asimina triloba USAMVB
plantation;
studies regarding the phenomenon of polluted plants in the Romanian metropolitan area;
15

monitoring vegetation extant in the metropolitan green spaces of Romania, with a view
toward determining which vegetation has deteriorated or is aged and must be replaced as
it cannot withstand the effects of climate change, monitoring unaesthetic vegetation,
which must be eliminated, or vegetation attacked by diseases and pests due to the effects
of climate change;
drafting landscape plans in the laboratories of the landscape architecture department of
USAMVB;
drafting plans for landscape remodeling that encompass proposals and solutions for
landscape management by introducing Asimina triloba into the public green spaces of
Romania;
performing air and soil analyses, collecting samples from the parks of Romania with a
view toward introducing Asimina triloba, and studying these in the laboratory.
The third project objective , foresees the completion of studies regarding the landscape
bioclimatology of urban parks and gardens in Romania. Our purpose is to define the area of
investigation as a new science (landscape bioclimatology).
In order to realize this objective, we will perform: stages of documentation and analysis of
information regarding landscape bioclimatology.
stages of documentation and analysis of information regarding landscape
bioclimatology.
D5. Ethical aspects (if appropriate)
The research project represents a synthesis of the effects of climate change, of its
repercussions for society and the estimated forecasts at a global and national level for biodiversity
consensus. The project is unfolding along an axis of quality-of-life improvement in the public
environment of Romania. It is being carried out by introducing Asimina triloba in the parks and
gardens of the public space in Romania, with landscaping and a heightened health-adducing and
value. The biological material needed for research is domestic in origin.
The project trajectory follows solutions for landscape management of public gardens and
parks in Romania, first of all concerned with the diversifying utility of Asimina triloba.
Another representative aspect of the project deal with educating and familiarizing the public
of Romania with Asimina triloba, a plant that offers multiple benefits to our society with high
pollution level. In this sense, we propose to perform individual landscape projects that reflect the
Asimina triloba plant, emphasizing the form through which it is to be utilized.
D6. Resources and budget
This chapter is structured around the three objectives of the research project. Subsequently,
we present the relevant extant resources for each project goal, as well as those needed and which
16

will be obtained over the project's course; the research infrastructure extant and the laboratories
where research will take place, as well as the manner in which these can support the research
activities presented in the project.
Likewise, at the end, we present the budget distribution based on types of expenditures and
calendar years. For realizing the objectives, we present these below:
Relevant extant project resources : seedlings, Sphagnum moss, measuring apparatus
(electronic scale, digital calipers, digital hygrometer-thermometer with sensor, tool for determining
the condition of seedling photosynthesis, up to 2 leaves), the vegetable material formed from the
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal plantation extant on the USAMVB campus.
Relevant project resources that must be acquired : seedlings of foreign origin, substrate
for the stimulation of seed germination (moss and garden soil), substrate for seedling transplant
(moss, garden soil, will be purchased), chemical and organic-mineral fertilizer, pots for seeding
with dimensions of 5x5x5cm (2000 pots), pots for transplanting seedlings with dimensions of
9x9x18cm, labels for mentioning the date of seeding and the substrate composition, sheet for
shading seedlings during the first two years, digital camera, color printer and laptop computer.
Research infrastructure alongside the unfolding of activities and the laboratories where
research will take place, as well as the manner in which these can support the research activities
presented in the project, it belong to the Research Center For Studies Of Food Quality And
Agricultural Products (USAMV București). Infrastructure direct public Link :
https://erris.gov.ro/RESEARCH-CENTER-FOR-STUDIES–1 , and are described below:
Vegetation house. This is composed of two zones: a space covered with glass and another
with sheeting, where reproduction, acclimatization and testing of the material studied take place,
containerized cultures and controlled guidance of cultures. In completing the vegetation house
equipment, the center benefits from a warm greenhouse with a surface of 50m2.
The research greenhouse is new, was build (since 3 years ago) and equipped with the most
important facilities: heating systems, irrigation systems, culture tables or troughs, lamps for
assimilation, water and energy management system, computer for monitoring and automation for
research domain, specific software, etc. Aspersion, reflux and flooding installations and drip
systems can all be operated via the water management program. It is provided with a recirculation
system of the wastewaters and of the unused nutritional solutions after LD-UV disinfection, in this
way will contribute substantially to environmental protection. Research activities : the monitoring
of environmental factors such as air and soil temperature, humidity, CO 2 concentration, lighting,
irrigation, etc. in order to develop specific culture technologies and the influence of horticultural
plants action of environmental factors on physiological and biochemical processes of horticultural
plants.
17

Agrochemistry laboratory : allows for a complex for analysis and tests related to the soil,
plants and air, but also their interaction and impact on the environment and humans. The laboratory
includes two study rooms, two research laboratories and a computer room. This laboratory proposed
the following immediate research topic: nitrate determination in water, soil and plant; trace metals
determination in soil, specific environmental monitoring and protection. Equipments: UV-VIS
spectrophotometer Cecil, fat extraction system mechanical shaker soil samples (homogenizer),
automated titration system, drying oven, technical balance PARTNER PS2100R2, analytical
balance PARTNER AS200R2.
Laboratory of plant physiology: Research themes: biotic and abiotic stress for cultivated
plants and wild species; biodiversity; the cultural technologies effects on the yield and productivity.
Equipments: Analyzer ADC Bioscientific Lcpro-SD for photosynthesis.
The budget is distributed as follows:
Personnel expenditures:
 (2017-19) – salary expenditures for the project duration (24 months) for the project director
-5000 RON/month and mentor-1000 RON/month;
Logistical expenditures:
 (2017) – related to air analysis (air emissions); laboratory equipment; necessary equipment and
materials for monitoring and implementing plans in the first stage in the field ; materials needed
for performing experimental research (greenhouse and laboratory); maintenance of plant
material; expenditures for dissemination (informing and educating the urban population in
Romania about the health-improving and landscaping benefits of Asimina triloba and about the
current situation regarding climate change at the European level);
(2018) – refers to determinations (seasonal; spring, summer and autumn) of the quantity of dust
(sediment g/cm2) accumulated on the leaves of Asimina triloba; determination of the metals
(macro elements and micro elements – mg/g) contained in the leaves of Asimina triloba;
collecting soil samples from the parks and gardens of Romania, in which we will conduct
studies related to introducing Asimina triloba; working data monitored in the field (green urban
spaces in Romania), equipment acquisition: laptop – working experimental and monitoring data,
color printer and digital camera for undertaking phenological observations of Asimina triloba
plants and monitoring extant vegetation in the urban parks and gardens of Romania;
expenditures for disseminating partially obtained results;
(2019) – expenditures for drawing up plans for landscape remodeling (Landscape redevelopment
proposals and solutions involving the introduction of the species Asimina triloba in the public
green areas of Romania); laboratory supplies; expenditure on processing data; improvement of
the current array of ornamental plants in Romanian's urban parks and gardens by introducing
18

Asimina triloba, expenditures on disseminating the results obtained; to promote national and
international results and their implementation in Romania.
Field expenditures:
(2017) – field trips in Romania, to monitor extant vegetation in the urban green spaces, to
establish the deterioration of the state of vegetation and that it should be replaced because it
does not meet current climate change goals; vegetation monitoring; unsightly vegetation or that
attacked by diseases and pests must be removed due to the current effects of climate change;
travel expenses, accommodation, participation in national and international scientific meetings
(The XII International Controlled and Modified Atmosphere Research Conference –
CAMA2017, Warsaw, June 18-22, 2017, http://www.cama2017.inhort.pl ); The I st.
International Symposium on Flowering, Fruit Set and Alternate Bearing , Palermo, Italy, June
19-23, 2017, http://www.fsab2017.it/ ; International Symposium on greener cities for more
efficient ecosystem services in a climate changing world, Bologna, Italy, September 12-15,
2017, http://www.greencities2017.org/ );
(2018, 2019) – travel expenses, accommodation, participation in national and international
scientific meetings ( VII International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture,
Turkey, Istambul, August 12-16, 2018 , http://www.ishs.org/symposium/491 ; XXX International
Horticultural Congress: IHC2018, August 12-16, 2018 , Turkey, Istambul,
http://www.ishs.org/symposium/551 ).
Indirect costs (overheads):
(2017-2019) – we calculated as a percent the 15% of expenditures on personnel, logistics and
travel, for each year, excluding the value of equipment and supplies .
Cost estimate (euro):
Capitol de buget
(cheltuieli)2017
(euro)2018
(euro)2019
(euro)Total buget
2017-2019 (euro)
Personal 7964.25 15928.5 7964.25 31857
Logistică 5751.96 6858.1 1548.6 14158.67
Deplasare 663.69 929.16 818.55 2411.4
Indirecte 1957.88 3424.63 1450.16 6832.66
Total 16337.78 27140.39 11781.56 55259.73
Cost estimate (lei):
Capitol de buget
(cheltuieli)2017
(lei)2018
(lei)2019
(lei)Total buget
2017-2019 (lei)
Personal 36.000 72.000 36.000 144.000
Logistică 26.000 31.000 7.000 64.000
Deplasare 3.000 4.200 3.700 10.900
Indirecte 8.850 15.480 6.555 30.885
Total 73.850 122.680 53.255 249.785
19

D7. Bibliography
1. Bolea V., Chira D., 2009. Monitorizarea poluării prin bioindicatori – Programul de vecinătate
România-Ucraina 2004-2006, Ed. Cybela, Baia Mare.
2. Buta Erzsebet, Maria Cantor, M. Buta, 2010. Conservarea biodiversității plantelor, în contextul
schimbărilor climatice. În: A 2-a Conferință Națională Ecoland, Cluj-Napoca , pp. 90-95.
3. Chiriac D., Humă C., și Stanciu M., 2009. Spațiile verzi – o problemă a urbanizării actuale. În
Calitatea vieții, XX, nr. 3-4, pp. 249-270.
4. Marinelli Janet, 2004. Plant: The UltimateVisual Reference to Plants and Flowers of the World,
London: Dorling Kindersley Ltd.
5. Mihaela Răileanu, 2014. Schimbări climatice, Ed. Tritonic, București.
6. Peterson Neal, 1999. În: 2003. Pawpaw Variety Development: A History and Future Prospects,
HortTechnology, 13(3).
7. Stănică Florin, 2012. Asimina triloba (pawpaw) germplasm in Romania. Scientific Papers, Series
B. Horticulture. Vol LVI, Print ISSN 2285-5653, p.267-272.
8. Szilagyi Beatrice Agneta, 2010. Preocupări privind spațiile verzi din cadrul centrelor populate.
În: A 2-a Conferință Națională Ecoland, Cluj-Napoca, p. 80-83.
9. Szilagyi Beatrice Agneta, Mare-Roșca Oana, Dănăilă-Guidea Silvana Mihaela, 2015. Potențialul
ecopeisagistic al spațiilor verzi intravilane din municipiul Baia Mare (Maramureș). Ed. Ex Terra
Aurum, București, 176 p.
10. Szilagyi Beatrice Agneta, 2015. Teza de Doctorat „ Cercetări privind biologia și tehnologia de
cultură a plantei Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal în vederea introducerii în sortimentul plantelor
ornamentale din zona Baia Mare”.
*** 2009 Legea nr. 24/2007 privind reglementarea și administrarea spațiilor verzi din intravilanul
localităților. Publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I nr. 764 din 10 noiembrie 2009;
***http://www.dreptonline.ro/legislatie/lege_spatii_verzi.php
***http://www.georgofili.world/detail.aspx?id=167#
***https://www.mae.ro/node/1663
***http://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/themes/climate/about-climate-change
***https://europa.eu/european-union/topics/climate-action_ro
***http://www.eea.europa.eu/ro/themes/climate/policy-context
***http://mmediu.ro/new/?page_id=2816
***http://mmediu.ro/new/?page_id=2821
20