A SEMI -AUTONOMOS DRONE FOR SURVEILLA NCE [623872]

A SEMI -AUTONOMOS DRONE FOR SURVEILLA NCE
AND SEC URITY

VISHAL JANGRA SUNIL
B-TECH B- TECH
DEPT. OF AERODSPACE DEPT. OF AEROPSACE
CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY

ABSTRACT
A semi -autonomous aircraft to provide the real time surveillance in combat and rescue operation. It
will fly autonomously ahead of user to find out the threats like distant enemies and traps like landmines.
It will provide data about their position and things or ammunitions they have. It will use infrared and
thermal imaging for night visi on and powerful metal detection to find landmines and other traps. All
the data can be relayed live to user on a helmet mounted display or wrist screen. It will also provide
warning about its findings. For positioning the threats it will provide GPS coordi nates of threat. User
can also operates it using control unit.

INTRODUCTION
We have designed a drone for armed forces with configuration of many sensors and we have used many
techniques to make a one complete solution for multiple problems. We lose many soldiers every years
during they defend us. Landmine are the major threat to the security forces on the borders because they
all buries and no one detect them without metal detectors. The traditional metal detectors are having
limitation like they can dete ct metals only and having very short range. So man carry a rod at which the
metal detector mounted and soldier use it to detect metals by getting it closer to distance of 5 -10
centimeters from ground where landmines are buried. But this SCOUT -1 EWD have GP R (Ground
Penetrating Radar) mounted on the drone which will be helpful to find out landmines. GPR can detect
buried landmine from height of 8 -10 meters from the ground. GPR can detect not only the metal buried
in the ground but it can detect non -metals al so. So, the SCOUT -1 EWD will fly ahead of user at a
constant distance of 12 -15 meters and at height of 8 -10 meters during flight it will automatically scan
the ground and detect the landmine if buried there. This will decrease the danger to trigger the landmine
on ground by the user. It has infrared sensor and night vision camera which help the user to see through
the obstacle and help to see during night respectively. When the SCOUT -1 EWD find the landmines
and any threat it will send the signal to the user by the Bluetooth model and Head Mounted Display or
wrist screen will vibrate which is wore by the user. The SCOUT -1 EWD will also locate the threat and
send the location coordinates through the GPS system .

OVERVIEW OF SCOUT -1 EARLY WARNING DRONES
A quad -copter with 120 -150 minutes of endurance will have a couples of sensors like metal detector,
thermal camera, infra red camera, ultrasonic sensor, a HQ camera and a GPS. The drone will fly
autonomously 12 -15 meters ahead of the user and at 8 -10 meters height to provide better view and
tactical advancement to the ground teams. Metal detector will detect landmines, therma l camera will

help user to see through obstructions, infrared camera will provide night vision and ultrasonic sensor
used to detect the flight path obstructions and will also provide distance of threats. HQ camera will be
used for high definition view of t he battle field in real time. GPS unit will provide location and poison
of threats.
All the data will be relayed on head mounted display or wrist screen using Bluetooth data transfer
network. Head mounted display or wrist screen will vibrate when it locate threat.

1. LAND MINES DETECTION FROM DRONES
There is a verity of landmine like Blast, Fragmentation, Bounding and anti -tank mines. But there is
similarity between all these landmines that all these made by metal and all these need to buried. There
is different ways to detects all these landmines too.
1.1 conventional way(Prodders)
This technique is simplest and most common technique use for metal detection. In this technique,
metal detector is mounted on the rod with handle and we need that system hovered it in search area.
But it unable to find out the plastic mines and also it cannot differentiate between real landmines
and metallic debris.
1.2 Acoustic sensor
In this technique, we release supersonic wave or acoustic wave in the search area and if search area
has landmine than the wave came back after reflect from landmine and detect by the sensor. The
difference amplitude of initial release wave and wave after reflection from landmine, the sensor will
locate the landmines in search area.
1.3 landmine detection through GPR
Land mine can be detect through GPR (Ground Penetrating Rad ar). GPR can be a complete solution
for metal detector, it does not require many sensor to complete process of metal detection.

PROPOSED METHOD
GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) is a complete solution of many problems. It does not requires
too many sensors so it make drone light weight so, it will be reliable and a perfect technique for
landmines detection. It will not only detect the landmines but it will also show the type of l andmine.
Another reason to choose GPR technique to detect landmines is drone (having GPR) can fly at
height of 8 -10 meters. So we don’t need to fly close to ground to detect the landmines.

2. ULTRASONIC SENSORS

Figure: – ultrasonic sensor
Ultra sonic sensor are used to measuring distance of the object. This sensor has two eyes one is
Transmitter and other is Receiver. The working principle of ultrasonic sensor based on the high school
formula that is: Distance = speed × time. Transmitter transmits an ultrasonic wave, than the wave
strike the object and re flect back to the receiver of the sensor, as shown in the figure below.

The wave travel in air and we know the speed of sound at room conditions is 330 m/sec and the sensor
will calculate the whole time period of transmits the wave and the reflection of wave. If we know the
speed and time than we can easily calculate the distance.
So the importance of ultrasonic sensor is that it will provide a stable hei ght to drone from the ground
and a constant distance from the user. It will also help the drone from obstacle

3. INFRARED SENSOR AND THERMAL IMAGING SENSOR
Infrared sensor and thermal sensor are having a minor variant of ‘infrared’ but having the difference in
the spectral ranges. IR system uses the short wavelength infrared light to illuminate the area which we

want. Some of the infrared energy reflected bac k to the camera and generate an image. Thermal imaging
sensors uses mid -range or long wavelength IR energy, these are only sense the difference between the
heats.
We used both inferred and thermal imaging (night vision). Inferred sensor will be used to locate the
threats behind the obstacle (like walls, in houses etc.) because some time enemies hides behind wall
like obstacle so we can easily find out the location of threat. Night vision will be used to see in night
during battle with enemies. Night vision uses the surrounding visible light and magnifies it and send it
back to camera for image processing.

REFERENCES
[1] wenguang Mao, Zaiwei Zhang, lili Qui, Jian He, yuchen Cui and Sangki Yurr. { the university of Texas
at Austin}
[2]M. Metwaly, Nati onal Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Cairo, Egypt
[3] Tayyab Naseer, Jurgen sturm and Daniel Cremers , Department of computer science, University of
Freiburg, Germany
[4] Detection and characterization of buried landmines using infrared thermography, T.T Nguyen, H.
Sahli, H. Dinh Nho
[5] Night – time detection of UAVs using Thermal Infrared Camera, petar andrasi, Tomislav Radisic,
Mario Mustra, jurica Ivosevic` { university of Zagreb Faculty of Transport and Traffic science
[6] Thermal landmines detectors by Amogh R. Vaidya prof. kimaya Ambedkar