The pdf995 suite of products – Pdf995, PdfEdit995, and Signature995 – is a complete solution for your document publishing needs. It [630771]

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This document illustrates several features of the Pdf995 Suite of Products.

APPROVEDIntroduction
TheVirtualRealityModelingLanguage(VRML)isalanguagefordescribingmulti-
participantinteractivesimulations–virtualworldsnetworkedviatheglobalInternetand
hyperlinkedwiththeWorldWideWeb.Allaspectsofvirtualworlddisplay,interaction
andinternetworkingcanbespecifiedusingVRML.Itistheintentionofitsdesignersthat
VRMLbecomethestandardlanguageforinteractivesimulationwithintheWorldWide
Web.
ThefirstversionofVRMLallowsforthecreationofvirtualworldswithlimited
interactivebehavior.Theseworldscancontainobjectswhichhavehyperlinkstoother
worlds,HTMLdocumentsorothervalidMIMEtypes.Whentheuserselectsanobject
withahyperlink,theappropriateMIMEviewerislaunched.Whentheuserselectsalink
toaVRMLdocumentfromwithinacorrectlyconfiguredWWWbrowser,aVRML
viewerislaunched.ThusVRMLviewersaretheperfectcompanionapplicationsto
standardWWWbrowsersfornavigatingandvisualizingtheWeb.Futureversionsof
VRMLwillallowforricherbehaviors,includinganimations,motionphysicsandreal-
timemulti-userinteraction.
ThisdocumentspecifiesthefeaturesandsyntaxofVersion1.0ofVRML.
VRMLMissionStatement
ThehistoryofthedevelopmentoftheInternethashadthreedistinctphases;first,the
developmentoftheTCP/IPinfrastructurewhichalloweddocumentsanddatatobestored
inaproximallyindependentway;thatis,Internetprovidedalayerofabstractionbetween
datasetsandthehostswhichmanipulatedthem.Whilethisabstractionwasuseful,itwas
alsoconfusing;withoutanyclearsenseof"whatwentwhere",accesstoInternetwas
restrictedtotheclassofsysops/netsurferswhocouldmaintaininternalcognitivemapsof
thedataspace.
Next,TimBerners-Lee'sworkatCERN,wherehedevelopedthehypermediasystem
knownasWorldWideWeb,addedanotherlayerofabstractiontotheexistingstructure.
Thisabstractionprovidedan"addressing"scheme,auniqueidentifier(theUniversal
ResourceLocator),whichcouldtellanyone"wheretogoandhowtogetthere"forany
pieceofdatawithintheWeb.Whileuseful,itlackeddimensionality;there'snothere
therewithintheweb,andtheonlytypeofnavigationpermissible(otherthansurfing)is
bydirectreference.Inotherwords,IcanonlytellyouhowtogettotheVRMLForum
homepagebysaying,"http://www.wired.com/",whichisnothuman-centereddata.In

APPROVEDfact,Ineedtomakeanefforttorememberitatall.So,whiletheWorldWideWeb
providesaretrievalmechanismtocomplementtheexistingstoragemechanism,itleaves
alottobedesired,particularlyforhumanbeings.
Finally,wemoveto"perceptualized"Internetworks,wherethedatahasbeensensualized,
thatis,renderedsensually.Ifsomethingisrepresentedsensually,itispossibletomake
senseofit.VRMLisanattempt(howsuccessful,onlytimeandeffortwilltell)toplace
humansatthecenteroftheInternet,orderingitsuniversetoourwhims.Inordertodo
that,themostimportantsingleelementisastandardthatdefinestheparticularitiesof
perception.VirtualRealityModelingLanguageisthatstandard,designedtobea
universaldescriptionlanguageformulti-participantsimulations.
Thesethreephases,storage,retrieval,andperceptualizationareanalogoustothehuman
processofconsciousness,asexpressedintermsofsemanticsandcognitivescience.
Eventsoccurandarerecorded(memory);inferencesaredrawnfrommemory
(associations),andfromsetsofrelatedevents,mapsoftheuniversearecreated(cognitive
perception).Whatisimportanttorememberisthatthemapisnottheterritory,andwe
shouldavoidbecomingtrappedinanysinglerepresentationorworld-view.Althoughwe
needtodesigntoavoiddisorientation,weshouldalwayspushtheenvelopeinthekinds
ofexperiencewecanbringintomanifestation!
Thisdocumentisthelivingproofofthesuccessofaprocessthatwascommittedtobeing
openandflexible,responsivetotheneedsofagrowingWebcommunity.Ratherthanre-
inventthewheel,wehaveadaptedanexistingspecification(OpenInventor)asthebasis
fromwhichourownworkcangrow,savingyearsofdesignworkandperhapsmany
mistakes.Nowourrealworkcanbegin;thatofrenderingournoosphericspace.
History
VRMLwasconceivedinthespringof1994atthefirstannualWorldWideWeb
ConferenceinGeneva,Switzerland.TimBerners-LeeandDaveRaggettorganizeda
Birds-of-a-Feather(BOF)sessiontodiscussVirtualRealityinterfacestotheWorldWide
Web.SeveralBOFattendeesdescribedprojectsalreadyunderwaytobuildthree
dimensionalgraphicalvisualizationtoolswhichinteroperatewiththeWeb.Attendees
agreedontheneedforthesetoolstohaveacommonlanguageforspecifying3Dscene
descriptionandWWWhyperlinks–ananalogofHTMLforvirtualreality.Theterm
VirtualRealityMarkupLanguage(VRML)wascoined,andthegroupresolvedtobegin
specificationworkaftertheconference.Theword'Markup'waslaterchangedto
'Modeling'toreflectthegraphicalnatureofVRML.

APPROVEDShortlyaftertheGenevaBOFsession,thewww-vrmlmailinglistwascreatedtodiscuss
thedevelopmentofaspecificationforthefirstversionofVRML.Theresponsetothelist
invitationwasoverwhelming:withinaweek,therewereoverathousandmembers.After
aninitialsettling-inperiod,listmoderatorMarkPesceofLabyrinthGroupannouncedhis
intentiontohaveadraftversionofthespecificationreadybytheWWWFall1994
conference,amerefivemonthsaway.Therewasgeneralagreementonthelistthat,while
thisschedulewasaggressive,itwasachievableprovidedthattherequirementsforthe
firstversionwerenottooambitiousandthatVRMLcouldbeadaptedfromanexisting
solution.Thelistquicklyagreeduponasetofrequirementsforthefirstversion,and
beganasearchfortechnologieswhichcouldbeadaptedtofittheneedsofVRML.
Thesearchforexistingtechnologiesturnedupaseveralworthwhilecandidates.After
muchdeliberationthelistcametoaconsensus:theOpenInventorASCIIFileFormat
fromSiliconGraphics,Inc.TheInventorFileFormatsupportscompletedescriptionsof
3Dsceneswithpolygonallyrenderedobjects,lighting,materials,ambientpropertiesand
realismeffects.AsubsetoftheInventorFileFormat,withextensionstosupport
networking,formsthebasisofVRML.GavinBellofSiliconGraphicshasadaptedthe
InventorFileFormatforVRML,withdesigninputfromthemailinglist.SGIhaspublicly
statedthatthefileformatisavailableforuseintheopenmarket,andhavecontributeda
fileformatparserintothepublicdomaintobootstrapVRMLviewerdevelopment.

APPROVEDAGraphicalRepresentationofInverseVRMLUptake
Changethenumberinredbelowtoadjustfordownloadrateand/orbandwidth.
1Thenumber1representsanengineerwithan"average"cube*
CF Minfsw AirEANx
32%EANx
36%
80.0149.12 0
61.4114.43 10
49.892.846 20
41.978.102 30 180
36.267.402 40 120
31.859.275 50 80.0 147.0 192.0
28.4 52.9 60 57.0 92.0 123.0
25.647.774 70 40.0 65.0 79.0
23.443.543 80 30.0 49.0 59.0
21.540.001 90 24.0 37.0 45.0
19.9 37 100 19.0 30.0 35.0
18.534.409 110 16.0 25.0 29.0
17.332.154 120 13.0 20.0 n/a
16.230.178 130 10.0 17.0 n/a
15.128.202 140 8.0 n/a n/a020406080100120140
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