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Tabelul 1. ActivelHLQVWLWX܊LLORUGHFUHG LWvQSHULRDGD -2015
2007 2008 2009 2010
Total active nete 251,425.80 314,441.50 330,183.50 341,946.34
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capital privat 94.60 94.80 92.70 92.63
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capital românesc 12.30 11.80 14.70 14.90

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
353,910.90 365,618.10 362,259.20 364,143.30 377,300.90
91.80 91.60 91.50 91.30 91.70
83.00 89.80 90.00 89.90 90.30
17.00 10.20 10.00 10.10 9.70
6XUVă Rapoarte anuale BNR, va lorile sunt exprimate în mii lei)
6HFWRUXOEDQFDUURPkQHVFHVWH IRUPDWvQPDUHSDUWHGHLQVWLWX܊L LGHFUHGLWFDUH
SURYLQGLQVSD܊LXOHXURSHDQÌQDQXO GHGHEXWDOFUL]HLILQDQFL DUHGH
LQVWLWX܊LLFXFDSLWDOVWUăLQGH܊LQHDXGLQWR talul activelor nete, acest procent a
VXIHULWRVFăGHUHvQXUPDHIHFWHORUFUL]HLILQDQFLDUHÌQDQXO PDLH[LVWăGRDU
GHLQVWLWX܊LL GHFUHGLWFXFDSLW DO VWUăLQ FDUHFXPXOHD]ăSHVWH   GLQ DFWLYHOH

11
sectorului bancar române sc, ceea ce adu ce României locul doi în Uniunea
(XURSHDQăGXSăSRQGHUHDDF܊LRQD ULDWXOXLVWUăLQ&RWDEăQFLORUF XFDSLWDOURPkQHVFD
DYXWRHYROX܊LHUHPDUFDELOăSkQăvQDQXOFkQGGH܊LQHDRSR QGHUHGH
XUPDWăGHRHYROX܊LHQHJDWLYăVH VL]DELOăDVWIHOvQDQXOD FHVWHDGH܊ in doar 9,7%
din totalul activelor în cadrul sectorului bancar românesc.
Tabelul 2. 1XPăUXOLQVWLWX܊LLORUGHFUHGLWGL n România în perioada 2007-2015
2007 2008 2009 2010
1XPăULQVWLWX܊LLGHFUHGLW din care: 42 43 42 42
,QVWLWX܊LLFXFDSLWDOPDMRULWDU privat 40 41 40 40
6XFXUVDOHEăQFLVWUăLQH 10 10 10 9
%ăQFL -persoane juridice române 32 33 32 33

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
41 40 40 40 36
39 38 38 38 34
8 8 9 9 9
33 32 31 31 27
6XUVă : Date BNR, 2007-2015)
Sistemul bancar a încercat extinderea co WHLGHSLD܊ăvQDQLL -DVWIHOEăQFLOH
܈L-DXH[WLQVQXPăUXOGHXQLWă܊LvQILLQ܊kQGSHVWHGHXQLWă܊LQ RL7RWvQDFHOD܈L
WLPSDXDSăUXW܈LDOWHEăQFLQRLSHSLD܊ăQXPăUXOLQVWLWX܊LLOR UGHFUHGLWSHSLD܊D
EDQFDUăDMXQJkQGvQDQXOOD ÌQXUPăWRDUHDSHULRDGăQX PăUXOLQVWLWX܊LLORU
de credit a fost într- RFRQWLQXăVFăGHUHPHQ܊LQkQGX -VHXQQXPăUFRQVWDQWGRDUSH
perioada 2012- XUPkQGFDvQDQXOGRDUGHXQLWă܊LGHFUHGLWVăv܈ L
GHVIă܈RDUHDFWLYLWDWHDSHWHULWRULXO5RPkQLHL
În toDWă DFHDVWăSHULRDGăLQVWLW X܊LLOHGHFUHGLWDXvQFHUFDWRSWLPL]DUH DFKHOWXLHOLORU
RSHUD܊LRQDOHDVWIHOvQFkWDXUH VWUXFWXUDWvQWUHDJDDFWLYLWDWH SULQUHGXFHUHDQXPăUXOXL
XQLWă܊LORUEDQFDUH܈LDQXPăUXOXLGHDQJDMD܊LDOHDFHVWRUD5H܊ HOHOHWHULWRULDOHGH
uQLWă܊LEDQFDUHDXDYXWRHYROX܊LHQHIDYRUDELOăGDWRULWăYROXPXO XLVFă]XWGHFUHGLWH
DFRUGDWHSUHFXP܈LDFUH܈WHULL XWLOL]ăULLVHUYLFLLORUEDQFDUH FXDMXWRUXOLQWHUQHWXOXL
5H܊HDXDGHXQLWă܊LEDQFDUHV -a redus dramatic în perioada iunie 2014- iunie 2015 cu
DSUR[LPDWLYXQLWă܊LDMXQJkQGODXQQXPăUGHXQLWă܊Lv QVLVWHPXOEDQFDU
GLQ 5RPkQLD  LDU QXPăUXO DQJD MD܊LORU vQ VHFWRUXO EDQFDU V -a diminuat cu 669

12
SHUVRDQHDMXQJkQGODDSUR[LPDWLYDQJDMD܊LvQVHFWRUXOED QFDU Procesul de
restructurare a DIHFWDW QHJDWLY SRSXOD܊LD vQJUHXQk QG DFFHVLELOLWDWHD DFHVWHLD OD
serviciile bancare.
Graficul 2. (YROX܊LDQXPăUXOXLGHXQLWă܊L܈L DQXPăUXOXLGHVDODULD܊LGLQ
sistemul bancar

6XUVă Date BNR, 2007-2015)
Din graficul anterior VHREVHUYăIRDUWHELQHHYROX܊LDQHJDWLYăDWkWDQXPăUXOXLGH
DQJDMD܊LFkW܈LDQXPăUXOXLGHXQLWă܊LGH܊LQXW HGHEăQFLvQ5RP kQLDvQSHULRDGD –
$FHVWHDHYROXHD]ăvQDF HOD܈LVHQVILLQGGHSHQGHQWHXQDGH FHDODOWă
1.2. 92/808/'(&5(',7($&25'$7((',܇32=,7($75$6(
Conform sta WLVWLFLORURIHULWHGH%15OD vQFHSXWXODQLORUGHDQDOL]ă -2008,
YROXPXOGHFUHGLWHDFRUGDWHGHEăQFLDWkWvQOHLFkW܈LvQHXUR HUDXvQFUH܈WHUH
$FHDVWăFUH܈WHUHVHGDWRUDQXPăUXOXLGH܈RPHULDIODWODXQQLYH OIRDUWHVFă]XWGDU܈L
DEXQHLVLWXD܊LLILQDQFLDUH DSRSXOD܊LHLDFH܈WLDGLQXUPăDYkQ GVLJXUDQ܊DORFXOXLGH
PXQFăQHDYkQGvQYHGHUHLQFDSDFLWDWHDGHSODWăFDXUPDUHDFUL ]HLEDQFDUHFHXUPD
VăYLQă vQSHULRDGDLPHGLDWXUPăWRDUH
'XSăFXPVHREVHUYă܈LGLQJUDILFXOGHPDLMRVRGDWăFXVIkU܈L WXO anului 2008,
HIHFWHOHFUL]HLHFRQRPLFHDXvQFH SXWVăDSDUăDVXSUDFDOLWă܊LL FUHGLWHORUDFRUGDWHGH
EăQFL &HUHUHD GH FUHGLWH D VF ă]XW FRQVLGHUDELO FD XUPDUH D PDL  PXO܊L IDFWRUL

13
SUHFXPFUH܈WHUHDFRVWXOXLFUHGLW HORUGHSUHFLHUHDPRQHGHLQD܊L RQDOHLQFHUWLW udinile
SULYLQGHYROX܊LDDFHVWHLDSHUVSHFWLYH OHQHJDWLYHOHJDWHGHFUH ܈WHUHDHFRQRPLFă܈L
܈RPDMQHvQFUHGHUHDSRSXOD܊LHLvQVLVWHPXOEDQFDUGLQ5RPkQLD .
Graficul 3. Volumul creditelor noi acordate

6XUVă Date BNR, 2007-2015)
Excedentul de lichiditate a IHUHQWVLVWHPXOXLEDQFDUURPkQHVFSDQăODDFHDVWăGDWăD
vQFHSXWVăVHGLPLQXH]HFRQVLGHUDELO RGDWăFXDFHDVWDDFUHVFX W܈LQLYHOXOGHULVFOD
FDUHEăQFLOHVHH[SXQHDXvQPRPHQWXODFRUGăULLFUHGLWHORUSUHF XP܈LGRULQ܊DGH
evitare a creditelor neperforma QWHVDXHYLWDUHDVFăGHULLFDO LWă܊LLFUHGLWHORUDFRUGDWH
&DXUPDUHDUHVWULF܊LRQăULLGHFă WUH%15DFUHGLWHORUQRLDFRUG DWHvQYDOXWăVROGXO
WRWDODOFUHGLWHORUGLQVLVWHPXOE DQFDUDFRQWLQXDWVăVHGLPLQ XH]HvQSHULRDGD –
2014. Abia începând cu anul 2  VH SRDWH REVHUYD R X܈RDUă vPEXQăWă܊LUH D
volumului e credite noi acordate, ajungând în anul 2015 la un total de credite în
valoare de 66,33 miliarde lei.

14
1.2.1. CREDITE ACORDATE/ DEPOZITE ATRASE
Tabelul 3. Raportul dintre creditele acordate/ depo zite atrase pe perioada
2007-2015 în cadrul BNR
2007 2008 2009 2010
Credite acordate/
depozite atrase 108,72% 122,03% 112,80% 113,46%

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
116,65% 117,37% 104,59% 91,33% 85,74%
6XUVă Rapoarte anuale BNR, prelucrare proprie)
Graficul 4 . (YROX܊LDUDSRUWXOXLFUHG LWHDFRUGDWHGHSR] LWHDWUDVHvQSHULRD GD
2007-2015

6XUVă Rapoarte anuale BNR, prelucrare proprie)
'LQ WDEHOXO ܈L JUDILFXO SUH]HQWDW DQWHULRU VH REVHUYă Fă LQGLFD WRUXO FUHGLWH
acordate/depozite DWUDVHDDYXWRHYROX܊LHIDYRUDELO ăSkQăvQSHULRDGDSUHFHGHQWă 
crizei economice, atingând un nivel de 122,3% în octombrie 2008. În perioada
LPHGLDWXUPăWRDUHGDWRULWăHIHFWHORU FUL]HLEăQFLOHDXOLPLWD WvQFHSkQGFXDQXO
accesul la credite pentru a VHSURWHMDvPSRWULYDULVFXOXLGHQHSODWăDVWIHOV -a ajuns la
XQQLYHOGH3kQăODVIkU܈LWXODQXOXLUDSRUWXOFU HGLWHGHSR]LWHV -a
PHQ܊LQXWVXSUDXQLWDUFHHDFHvQVHDPQăFăVHDFRUGDXQYROXPP DLPDUHGHFUHGLWH
decât volumul atras de depozi WH$FHVWUDSRUWDDMXQVvQD QXOVăvQUHJLVWUH]HFHO
PDLPLFQLYHOGHSHED]DUHGXFHULLYROXPXOXLGHFUHGLWH DFRUGDWH܈LPăULUHD
volumului depozitelor.

15
1.3. PROFITABILITATEA SISTEMULUI BANCAR ÎN PERIOADA 2007-2015
Profitabilitatea sistemului ba QFDUDvQUHJLVWUDWSHSHULRDGD GHDQDOL]ăDWkWUH]XOWDWH
IDYRUDELOHFkW܈LQHIDYRUDELOHÌQSULPLLDQL -2009 sistemul bancar a înregistrat
Fk܈WLJXULDVWIHOvQFkWvQDQXO DFHVWDDDWLQVQLYHOXOGH PLOLDUGHOHL3HULRDGD
XUPăWRDUH -2012, rezultatele sistemului bancar au fost negative, alungându-se la
un nivel minim – PLOLDUGHOHL$QXODvQUHJLVWUDWXQFk܈WLJIRDUWHPLF LDUvQ
DXUPDWRSLHUGHUHUHPDUFDELO ăGHPLOLDUGHOHL$QXO DGXFHXQFk܈WLJ
însemnat de aproximat LYPLOLDUGHOHLvQFRPSDUD܊LHFXDQXOvQFDUHDDYXW 
ORFXQÄERRP´DOFUHGLWHORUGHDOW IHOHVWHRWUHFHUHXULD܈ăID ܊ăGHDQXOvQFDUHV -a
înregistrat o pierdere re cord. Cauza acestei pierde ri însemnate în anul 2014 este
UH]XOWDWXOFHULQ܊HORU%15FRQIRU PFăURUDEăQFLOHQHFHVLWăVă -܈LUHHYDOXH]HJDUDQ܊LLOH
DIHUHQWHFUHGLWHORUDFRUGD WHvQVSHFLDOvQFHHDFHSULYH܈WHLS RWHFLOHLPRELOLDUHFD
XUPDUH DXQHL GHFODUD܊LL IăFXWHGH܈HIXOVXSUDYHJKHULL EăQFLORU 1LFRODH&LQWH]ă
SUHFXPFă³XQHOHEăQFL܈L -DXVXSUDHYDOXDWJDUDQ܊LLOHFXDMXWRUXODXGLWRULORUSHQWUXD
FRQVWLWXLPDLSX܊LQHSURYL]LRDQH´ÌQXUPDDFHVWRUDFX]D܊LL%1 5DREOLJDWEăQFLOHVă
FRQVWLWXLHSURYL]LRDQHGHSkQăODGLQYDORDUHDILQDQ܊ăULORU DFRUGDWHILUPHORU
aflate în procedura GH LQVROYHQ܊ă ܈L Vă v܈L FXUH܊H SRUWRIROLLOH GH FUHGLWHOH
neperformante. $FHVWHLQIRUPD܊LLVHSRWREVHUYDvQJUDILFXOXUPăWRU
Graficul 5. (YROX܊LDSLHUGHULORUFk܈W LJXULORUvQSHULRDGD -2015

6XUVă Date BNR, prelucrare proprie)

16
1.3.1. PRINCIPALII INDICATORI DE CALCUL AI 352),7$%,/,7Ă,,܉
Rentabilitatea activelor (ROA – return on as sets) este unul dintre indicatorii principali
GHUHQWDELOLWDWHDLXQHLLQVWLWX܊LL$FHDVWDPăVRDUă gradul de rentabilitate al întregului
FDSLWDOLQYHVWLWvQHQWLWDWH܈LVH GHWHUPLQăFD܈LUDSRUWvQWUH UH]XOWDWXOQHWDOH[HUFL܊LXOXL
51(܈LWRWDOXODFWLYHORUHQWLWă܊LL$%
Formula de calcul este:

Graficul .6. (YROX܊LDUDWHLGHUHQWDELOL WDWHDDFWLYHORUvQSHULRDGD -2015

6XUVă Date BNR, prelucrare proprie)
'XSăFXP se REVHUYăGLQJUDILFXODQWHULRUUDWDGHUHQWDELOLWDWHD DFWLYHORUXUPHD]ă
XQWUHQGGHVFHQGHQWFHHDFHDUDWă FăVLVWHPXOEDQFDUDvQWkPSLQ DWGLILFXOWă܊LSH
SDUFXUVXODQLORUGHDQDOL]ă -2015. În anul 2007, ROA a înregistrat o valoare
foarte mare de 8,82% dar în urma efecte lor crizei financiare aceasta a fost într-o
FRQWLQXDVFăGHUHÌQDQXO52 $vQUHJLVWUHD]ă FHDPDLVFă]X WăYDORDUHGH
vQVăvQDQXODFHDVWDVHUHPHGLD ]ăUDSLGDMXQJkQGODYDORD UHDSR]LWLYăGH
Potrivit graficului, valorile înregistrate de ROA în perioada 2007-2015 se
vQFDGUHD]ăvQLQWHUYDOXO -FHHDFHQHDUDWăFăPDMRULWDWHDEăQFLORUDX
vQWkPSLQDWSUREOHPHvQFHHDFHSULYH܈W HUHQWDELOLWDWHDDFWLYHOR UILQDQFLDUH

17
5DWDUHQWDELOLWă܊LLILQDQFLDUH52( – Return on &RPPRQ(TXLW\UHIOHFWăHILFLHQ܊D
XWLOL]ăULLFDSLWDOXULORUDF܊LRQD ULORU$FHDVWDVHFDOFXOHD]ăFD UDSRUWvQWUHSURILWXOQHW
RE܊LQXW51(GHHQWLWDWH܈LFDSLW DOXOSURSULX&35
Formula de calcul ROE este:

Graficul 7. (YROX܊LDUDWHLUHQWDELOLWă܊LLILQD nciare în perioada 2007-2015

6XUVă Date BNR, prelucrare proprie)
'LQDFHVWJUDILFVHREVHUYăIOXFWXD܊LLPDLPXOWQHJDWLYHGHFkW SR]LWLYHÌQDQXO
52(vQUHJLVWUHD]ăR FUH܈WHUHGHODODXUPDWăvQ GHRVFăGHUH
EUXVFăODDFHDVWDGHGDWRUHD] ăLPSDFWXOXLFUL]HLJOREDOH DVXSUDVLVWHPXOXL
EDQFDUGLQ5RPkQLDÌQFHSkQGFX DQXO52(vQUHJLVWUHD]ăYD ORULQHJDWLYH
ajungând în anul 2012 la pragul minim de – $QXOXUPăWRULQGLFDWRUXO
vQUHJLVWUHD]ăRYDORDU HSR]LWLYăGDUQXIRDUWHUHPDUFDELOăGH ÌQXUPDQRLORU
FHULQ܊HLPSXVHGH%1552(vQUH JLVWUHD]ăvQDQXOQLYHOXOF HOPDLVFă]XWGHSH
WRDWăSHULRDGDGHDQDOL]ă -GDUFDUHDDYXWHIHFWSR]LWLYDQXOXUPăWRU
când a înregistrat valoarea de 6,4% ceea ce vQVHDPQăFăFHULQ܊HOHLPSXVHGH%15
au avut efect pozitiv asupra sistemului bancar românesc.

18
1.3.2. SOLVABILITATEA
Indicatorul de VROYDELOLWDWHHVWHXQXOGLQWUHFHL PDLLPSRUWDQ܊LLQGLFDWRULSH FDUHvL
XUPăUH܈WH %DQFD 1D܊LRQDOă D 5RPkQLHL $FHVWD VH UHIHUă la capacitatea unei
întreprinderi de a face fata REOLJD܊LLORUEăQH܈WL ܈LGHDv܈LRQRUDSOă܊ ile la termenele
scadente. De asemenea se face FRPSDUD܊LD vQWUHHOHPHQWHOHGHDFWLY܈ i elementele de
SDVLYUHVSHFWLYGLVSRQLELOLWă܊L OHLQVWLWX܊LHL܈LREOLJD܊LL pe care le are aceasta.
(VWHGHGRULWFDVROYDELOLWDWHDEăQFLORUVăILHFkWPDLPDUHF XFkWHVWHPDLPDUHFX
atâW DFHVWHD VXQW PDL SX܊LQ VXSXVH ULVFXULORU , GH DVHPHQHD DUDWă SRVLELOLWDWHD
acestora de a face IDWăXQRUFKHOWXLHOLYLLWRDUH imprevizibile. În DFHOD܈LWLPSQLYHOXO
ULGLFDWGHVROYDELOLWDWHLQGLFăIDSWXOFăEăQFLOHQXv܈LXWLOL] HD]ăUHVXUVHOH de care
dispun pentru acoperirea datoriilor.
Graficul 8 . Indicatorul de solvabilitate

6XUVă Date BNR, valorile sunt exprimate în procente)
Pe perioada GHDQDOL]ă -2013, indicatorul vQUHJLVWUHD]ăPLFLIOXFWXD܊LLDFHVWD
încadrându-se în interva lul de 13%- 15% . Din luna iunie al anului 2014, acesta a
început VăFUHDVFăFRQVLGHUDELO când a atins nivelul de 16,95% ILLQGXQUHFRUGSkQă
la momentul respectiv. $FHVWDDFRQWLQXDWVăFUHDV Fă܈LvQSHULRDGDXUPăWRDUH
înregistrându-se cea mai mare valoare în luna iunie a anului 2015, când acesta

19
ajunge la nivelul de 18,64%, PDLDSRLDXUPDWRPLFăVFăGHUHvQUHJLVWUkQGLQOXQD
decembrie a anului 2015 valoarea de 18,07%. Valorile fluctua nte înregistrate în
perioada 2007- VXQWHIHFWHOHFUL]HLILQDQFLDUHJOREDOHSUHFXP܈LDLQVWDE LOLWă܊LL
sistemului EDQFDUvQDFHDSHULRDGăEăQFLORUIL indu-OHGHVWXOGHGLILFLOăDFRSHULUHD
datoriilor. Aceste valori pozitive î QUHJLVWUDWH GXSă DQXO  VXQW UH]XOWDWXO
UHVWULF܊LLORULPSXVHGHFăWUH%15F RQIRUPFăURUDEăQFLOHQHFHVL WăVă -܈LUHHYDOXH]H
JDUDQ܊LLOH DIHUHQWH FUHGLWHORU DFRUGDWH vQ VSHFLDO vQ FHHD FH SULYH܈WH LSRWHFLOH
imobiliare.