C3 Tudosie Nicoleta Corpuri De Iluminat [624161]

JANUARY 2020  JIDEG

Abstract: Lighting fixtures are quite important today. For this reason, the aim of the study is to improve
the classical luminaires and to design modular luminaires representative for different projects. In order to
design modular luminaires, i t is desired to apply tangrams in this study. The study is summarized on the
application of tangrams in the design of modular luminaires. A brief history of lighting and the tangram is
presented and is followed by a series of examples of luminaires designe d based on the tangram. These
examples help to illustrate not only the elegance of modular luminaires, but also serve to discuss tangram
in educational contexts. The relationship between the product design and the lighting process will be
analyzed.

Key wo rds: modular luminaires, light, light perception, LED lighting, tangram, modular design

1. INTRODUCTION

We receive all the information we receive about the
world around us with our eyes. Light is not just an
essential condition, so we are able to see. Th e specific
conditions that can influence our perception are created
by light , by its intensity, by the way it is distributed and
by its properties. Lighting design is important for
planning our visual environment . The lighting designer
invokes the creation of perceptual conditions, through
which to promote a feeling of well -being in a room and
at the same time to allow the efficient work and the
orientation in safety. The lighting designer aims to
improve the environment in the aesthetic sense.
Ultimately, the effect that lighting has on the user of a
space and its subjective perception is what decides
whether or not a concept of light is successful.
Light plays an important role in designing a visual
environment. The architecture, the people and the object s
are visible due to the lighting. The mood of a room or an
area, the aesthetic effect and the well -being of people is
influenced by light.
A luminaire can influence our perception of
architecture: it expands and accentuates the rooms,
creates connections and delimits one area from another.
Light sources can change the look of a room or area
without physically changing it, can direct our vision,
influence perception and draw attention to specific
details. Lighting can also be used to delimit and interpret
rooms, to accentuate areas and to establish continuity
between interior and exterior. A decisive influence on the
way the architecture is perceived is represented by the
lighting and the distribution of a luminaire.
The luminaires also serve to underline in dividual
functional sectors in a particular area, for example a
waiting area or an exhibition area.
Zone lighting with delimited light beams visually
separates one area from another. Different levels of
lighting establish a perceptual hierarchy and direct the
viewer's gaze.
The areas of a space can be separated from each other
using narrow beams of light and strong contrasts in
brightness. Large areas, if not divided, can be monotonous, because they are generally uniformly
illuminated.
Considering the quali ties of the material in
combination with the correct lighting, light color and
light distribution is an important aspect in the design
phase.

2. TANGRAM

Tangram is a traditional Chinese game, literally
translating to "seven skill boards", which has been
popular with people for thousands of years in both
Eastern and Western cultures. It is a puzzle consisting of
seven flat shapes, called tans, which are made to make
shapes. Due to their wise nature, they serve as good
learning tools for students due to the ir ease of being
physically and easily manipulated.
Small and simple in nature and by design, tangrams
inherently involve a multitude of mathematical concepts.
Some are easy to find.
The word tangram was first used in 1848 by Thomas
Hill, then president of Harvard University, in his Puzzles
to Teach Geometry pamphlet. The author and
mathematician Lewis Carroll was a tangram enthusiast
and owned a Chinese book with thin tissue pages
containing 323 tangram models.

Fig. 1 Tangram

Nicoleta TUDOSIE
MODULAR LIGHTING FIXTURES

JANUARY 2020  JIDEG 3. CONCEPTION OF LIGHTI NG FIXTURES

3.1 Modular lighting fixture for office
The human through his office activities is
conditioned by light, and when the natural light is
insufficient or lacking, it is necessary to introduce
artificial lighting. Artificial lighting is achieve d almost
entirely by electric lighting, which has to reach a certain
level of lighting and visual comfort, in order to work in
the office in optimal conditions.
To create a modular office luminaire, he left the hexagon
shape.
4 hexagons have been designed, which can be positioned
in different ways, to create different geometric shapes.
Each hexagon represents a light source, these hexagonal
bodies are made of plastic (see Fig. 2).

Fig. 2 Modular lighting fixture for office

In fig. 3 shows the structure of this luminaire composed
of 2 plastic housings, and in the middle is attached a
magnetic plate on which the tape with LEDs is attached.

Fig. 3 Structure of lighting fixture

This light source is a modular desk lamp that starts touch.
Once the lamp i s fed, each component is switched on and
off by a touch sensor incorporated into each piece. It
offers the user the opportunity to transform from the
interior architecture of a space / rooms into the light
source.
Besides its intrinsic functionality to ill uminate the room,
it also has a storage space, ie a pen holder (see Fig. 4).
This is not only a pen holder, but is also the way in
which the lighting sources are held in the desired position. This support also makes the connection with
electricity through a power supply on the side of the
support. The support can be created in different colors.
Another feature of this luminaire is that the light sources
can be positioned according to the user's desire, to give
the desired shape of the chandelier. Any design can be
created using hexagonal magnetic plates.
Due to its small size, it occupies as little space as
possible, thus maximizing the space on the desk.

Fig. 4 Support of pen

The combination of these hexagonal lamps allows a
multitude of possibilities to realize some geometric
shapes, in order to underline or modify in this way the
lighting effect of the office. (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 6)

Fig. 5 Light fixture with brown support

Fig. 6 Lighting fixture with blue support

JANUARY 2020  JIDEG
Another consideration relate d to the shape of the modular
luminaire is that it offers a pleasing look to the eye.
During the conception of this body, it was important that
the entire functioning of its body be positioned so that it
is not exposed to the eye.
The clamping system betwe en the modular bodies is
realized by means of magnets, in this way a single power
source is shared and any shape desired by the customer
can be created. The fixed connection between the
components are magnets, which allow the passage of
electricity from on e hexagonal plate to another. Up to 8
luminaires can be fitted to a single power source.

3.2 Hexagonal modular lighting fixture

In the process of designing the modular luminaire, it was
based on the idea of direct light, which would distribute
light from the ceiling or other surfaces of a room.
In order to achieve this luminaire, the hexagon was
chosen as the final design form, in order to achieve this
form from several modules, 6 triangular plates were
created that connect with each other through magnets.
(see fig. 7 and fig. 8)

Fig. 7 Triangular lighting source

Fig. 8 Hexagonal body

The LED luminaire uses the electroluminescent diode as
a light source. (see fig. 9)

Fig. 9 Electroluminescent diode The electroluminescent diode is based on the
luminescence phenomenon, which consists in the
emission of a photon upon the recombination of an
electron with a gap (a negative charge with a positive
charge).
The dimensions of an electro -luminescent diode are
smaller than 1 mm, and also have an integrated o ptical
system, which provides the reflection of the radiation
emission in the desired direction.
The electro -luminescent diode has other advantages
besides the very small dimensions, namely: low energy
consumption, high durability, fast ignition.
The hexag onal luminaire has a friendly shape, gives a
pleasant appearance to the room, can be used in a modern
space.
Another feature is its low weight, so it can be handled
much easier and can be easily mounted on the ceiling or
on the walls. Thus the material fro m which it is made is
an easy one, plastic.
Balance is also an important principle for the proper use
of this chandelier. Surfaces were used as simple as
possible, with the possibility of being positioned on any
type of surface, regardless of the surface t exture whether
it is concrete or wood.
A significant component of visual perception is the
color of light. The combination of the triangular bodies
allows a multitude of design possibilities to accentuate or
diminish the lighting effect of the rooms and objects with
the colored light (see fig. 10)
The term "light color" covers both white and colored
light. Warm white, neutral white and day white are
derived from the white color of light. The colored light
covers the entire visible spectrum.
The effect of the rooms, areas and objects depends very
much on the type of lighting, it varies from uniform
lighting to highlighting and projecting images.

Fig. 10 Various lighting colors

In most work situations, color rendering is not a problem,
but in a field of fabric manufacturing or sewing, full
spectrum lighting is required to distinguish color.

JANUARY 2020  JIDEG

Fig. 11 Color rendering

Electric light sources are generally installed in the
luminaires housing. The housings allow the fixing and
power supply of the lamp, protect the lamp against
external agents, reduce the luminance of the light source
and hide the bright elements, in order to reduce the effect
of blindness, change the spectral composition of the
light, change the distribution of the luminous flux
emitted by the source , allow the mounting of the
auxiliary elements necessary for starting and stabilizing
the operating point, it provides protection against
electrocution.
It can be mounted on the ceiling or on the walls (see Fig.
12), for their surface mounti ng, the screws are the safest.
If these bodies are mounted on surfaces where the screws
cannot be used, for example glass, in this case an
alternative is the use of adhesive tapes.

Fig. 12 Mounting the modular luminaire
The modularity of these bodies i s a big advantage, if a
light source is of a lower intensity after a longer period of
operation or is damaged, it can be replaced with another
source, it does not require the replacement of the entire
lighting system, the user can purchase how many units i t
needs. The storage mode of these lamps for delivery or storage
is made in circular boxes of various sizes depending on
the number of parts ordered (see Fig. 13)

Fig. 13 Circular box for storing magnetic plates

In the process of design and design for luminaires, the
aim was to respect as many principles as possible:
 A simple design has been designed so that the
luminaire can be easily disassembled for
maintenance, repair or recycling.
 The design of the luminaires has been realized for
their assembly a ccording to different directions.
 Designing the pieces in simple shapes, so that
they are easy to insert, easy to assemble.
 Specially designed lighting fixtures have been
created for various rooms.
The luminaires are designed in such a way that they can
be easily assembled and disassembled so that no
instructions are required. The material from which they
are made are: metals, wood, plastic in this way the
negative impact on the environment is eliminated. The
study has both social, aesthetic and technical f actors,
because in the design and design of the luminaires,
knowledge was needed in Regarding the appearance, the
choice of the material from which they are made, taking
into account the costs (not to be too expensive and not to
consume much energy, so a l ower bill, Led technology)
and a better quality. they have described the
characteristics of the luminaires that lead to improving
their performance and increasing the value of the
customers.

4. REFFERENCES

[1] https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangram
[2] Slocum, Jerry (2003). The Tangram Book. Sterling

Author

Student Eng. Nicoleta Tudosie , University
POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Department of
Engineering Graphics and Industrial Design, Bucharest,
Romania
E-mail: nicoleta.tudosie22@gmail .com