ECONOMIE ȘI SOCIOLOGIE ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY [621973]

ECONOMIE ȘI SOCIOLOGIE / ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY

91
No. 1 / 2018 ACTUAL TRENDS OF WINE SECTOR
IN THE WORLD AND EU

Tatiana IATISIN1, Scientific Researcher,
National Institute for Economic Research, Republic of Moldova
Mariana Rodica TIRLEA2, PhD,
„Dimitrie Cantemir ” Christian University Bucharest, Romania
Yuriy KOZAK3, PhD, Associate Professor, academician
of AEN of Ukraine and International Academy of Regional Sciences, Ukraine

The paper presents the results of the research on the analysis of the cu rrent trends of the wine sector
in the EU and worldwide, in particular, the evolution of the vine areas, production of grapes with an
emphasis on the period of 2000 -2015. The study is based on the analysis of statistical data and reports of
international o rganizations. The results show that the global area cultivated with vines has diminished due
to the decrease of vine areas in Europe; China has confirmed its position as the country with the second
largest vine area; grape production at the world level has met a positive trend, despite the reduction of
vineyard areas.
Keywords: wine sector, grape production, vine, wine sector reform.

În lucrare a dată sunt prezentate rezultatele cercetării cu privire la analiza tendințelor actuale ale
sectorului vitivinicol în UE și la nivel mondial, îndeosebi, a evoluției suprafețelor de viță -de-vie, producției
de struguri cu accent pe perioada anilor 2000 -2015. Studiul se bazează pe analiza datel or statistice și a
rapoartel or organizațiilor internaționale. Rezultatele obținut e demonstrează că suprafața globală cultivată
cu viță -de-vie s -a redus din cauza scăderii suprafețelor de viță -de-vie din Europa; China și -a con firmat
poziția ca fiind țara cu a doua cea ma i mare suprafață de viță -de-vie; Producția de struguri, la nivel mondial
a înregistrat o tendință pozitivă, în pofida reducerii suprafețelor cu viță -de-vie.
Cuvinte -cheie: sector ul viticol, producția de strugur i, viță -de-vie, reforma sectorului vitivinicol.

В статье представлены результаты исследовани я текущих тенденций сектора
виноградарства в ЕС и во всем мире, в частности, развития виноградных зон, производство
винограда с акцентом на период 2000 -2015 гг. Ис следование основано на анализе статистических
данных и отчет ов международных организаций . Результаты показывают, что глобальная
площадь, засаженная виноградником, уменьшилась из -за сокращения виноградных угодий в Европе;
Китай подтвердил свою позицию как с трана со второй по величине площадью виноградных лоз;
производство винограда во всем мире показало положительную тенденцию, несмотря на
сокращение площадей виноградников.
Ключевые слова: сектор виноградарства, производство винограда, реформа винодельческог о
сектора.
JEL Classification: Q10 , Q13, Q15, Q17.
UDC: 339.13:663.25+338.439.4:634.8](4)
Introduction. The wine sector is evolving in an increasingly competitive international
scenario, characterized by the invasion of new produc ing countries with innovative strategies in the field o f
production and trade (Campbell and Guibert, 2006). Viticulture has an important place in the agricultural
and national economy. The wine sector represents a vital economic activity, especially in ter ms
of employment and export earnings. It also studies biological features, vines relations with environmental
factors, technologies for the production of planting material, establishment and maintenance of vineyards,
which allow for optimal production of the appropriate quality in terms of economic efficiency. The value of
production per one hectare of vine is equivalent to about 10 -15 hectares of cereal crops.

1 © Tatiana IATISIN, tatianaiatisin @yahoo.com
2 © Mariana Rodica TIRLEA, rodicatirlea10@yahoo.ro
3 © Yuriy KOZAK, yu riy_kozak@mail.ru

Revistă teoretico -științifică / Theoretical and scientifical j ournal

92
No. 1 / 2018 Analyzing the scientific literature on the development of th e wine sector, we note that this topic
is very actual and widely studied. The analysis of the current trends of the wine sector in the EU and
worldwide, in particular, the evolution of vineyards and grape production have been found in the work
of foreign authors, such as: Anderson K.; Regnerova O. and Hes A. (2016); Montaigne E.,
Coelho A. (2006); Campbell G. and Guibert N. (2006); Pantu Bogdan (2017); Dascalu I., Manescu C. and
Mateoc -Sirb N. (2017) as well as in the works of the national authors: Boris G. (2015); Silvestru M.,
Fistic M. (2012); Sestacovscaia A. (2012); Platon N (2007).
The study is based on the analysis of legislative acts (European Parliament and Counci l Regulations
(EU)); statistical databases ( European statistics ) and reports of the concerned international organizations
(International Organization of Vineyard and Wine (OIV)); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO); National Agric ultural Statistics Service (NASS)) ; scientific papers on the studied
problem of domestic and foreign researchers; articles of wine -vineyard experts; as well as information
from different sites.
According to the Statistical Rep ort on World Vitiviniculture International organisation of Vineyard
and Wine [1], the vine is a plant cultivated on all five continents because of its ecological plasticity. The
overall trend of areas planted with vines over the last twenty years has been down by 10%. Today, viticulture
covers about 7.5 million hectares in over 50 countries, including Europe, the continent accounting for nearly
40% of the world's grapes production [1].
The global area cultivated with vines has a slight downward trend. Since 2003, the area of vines has
been steadily declining until 2011, and then slightly increased ( figure 1). In 2015 the area of vineyards
accounted for 7511 thousand ha.

Figure 1. Evolution of world vineyard areas over the period 2000 -2015, thousands ha
Source: Developed by author according to OIV data http://www.oiv.int/public/medias/4710/oiv –
noteconjmars2016 -en.pdf .

Compared to 2014, the world -wide area planted with vines d ecreased by 7 thousand ha or by 0.1%. This
decrease was due to the significant decreases in the area of vines in Spain (0.1%), France (0.6%) and Italy
(1.2%). However, an increase of about 31 thousand hectares of vines was recorded in China (in 2015 its to tal
area constituted 830 thousand hectares), this country being the main engine for the growth of world vineyard
area. Turkey, after registering a recovery of the vine areas in 2013, in 2015 it decreased by 1% compared to
2014. In Brazil, the area of vine yard decreased by 4.000 ha in 2015, while on the American continent in the
main countries there was no significant variation in the area of vineyards, table 1 [2].
We can mention that during the years 2000 -2015 the world vine area decreased by about 313 th ousand
ha (especially in the EU), while the vineyards of China and Australia are expanding (against the constant
situation in the US and South Africa). An increase in vines has been recorded in those countries without a
particular history of wine productio n. The area of the vineyards would have been larger if the EU Wine
Surrender Program did not exist in 2009. 78477873 7877 7884
7828
77707734
7658
7576
753575127485 74877538 75417511
720073007400750076007700780079008000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

ECONOMIE ȘI SOCIOLOGIE / ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY

93
No. 1 / 2018 Table 1
Global areas of vineyards in 2011 -2015, thousands ha
Country 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Ratio
2015/2011, %
Spain 1032 1017 1021 1022 1021 -1.1
China 633 709 760 799 830 1.1
France 796 792 793 791 786 -1.3
Italy 720 713 705 690 682 -5.3
Turkey 508 497 504 502 497 -2.2
USA 413 412 422 419 419 1.5
Argentina 219 222 224 226 225 2.7
Iran 239 240 227 221 223 -6.7
Portugal 206 206 208 211 217 5.3
Chile 191 192 192 192 211 10.5
Romania 170 162 157 154 192 13
Australia 133 135 133 132 149 12
Moldova 140 141 137 140 136 -2.9
South Africa 102 102 102 102 130 27.5
India 119 120 119 120 120 1
Brazil 90 91 90 89 85 -5.6
New Zeeland 37 38 38 38 39 5.4
Source: Developed by author according to OIV data, Statistical report on world viticulture.

Of the world's vine surface, about 50% of the area is concentrated in 5 countries, namely Spain 14%,
France 10%, Italy 9%, Turkey 7% and China 11% ( figure 2). The wine sector in Europe is in the heart of
social and economic life in rural regions across the continent [1].

Figure 2. Structure of world vine areas, 2015 , in %
Source: http://www.oiv.int/public/medias/5029/world -vitiviniculture -situation -2016.pdf .

The Last Reform of the Common Market Organization for Wine was introduced in 2008.
It established new legislation to ens ure the definitive limitation of rights to plant vines. The main
justification for this decision was based on the negative impact of previous legislation on production costs
and on the competitiveness of European viticulture and on world wine producers (Mo ntaigne and Coelho,
2006). In the view of European Commissioner Dacian Ciolos, "this analysis has shown that rights for
planting grapes lead to an increase in production costs and constitute a barrier to rationalizing agricultural
holdings, thereby reducin g competitiveness”.
In the last ten years (2005 -2015), Europe's vineyards areas recorded a 13.8% reduction, reaching
according to the latest statistics to 3362 thousand ha in 2015 ( figure 3). Starting with the EU Program
(2011/2012 harvest) on regulating t he wine production potential in the EU, EU vineyards areas declined
significantly. At the same time, the implementation of the new system for managing the wine production
potential, including the possibility of annual growth of new plantations, is limited to 1% of the areas planted
Spain;
14%
China ;
11%;
France;
10%
Italy;
9%Turkey; 7%Other
countries;
50%

Revistă teoretico -științifică / Theoretical and scientifical j ournal

94
No. 1 / 2018 with vines, planned for each Member State, and Member States should be able to decide on to provide for
smaller areas at national or regional level, including at the level of eligible areas for protected designations
of origin an d protected geographical indications, based on objective and non -discriminatory grounds, while
ensuring that the imposed limitations are more than 0% and are not excessively stringent in relation to the
objectives pursued [3].

Figure 3. Evolution of th e EU vineyard area, 2005 -2015, thousands ha
Source: Developed by author according to OIV Expert data.

Compared to 2014, the EU vine areas have been reduced by 26 thousand ha. The largest areas planted
with vines in 2015 were recorded in Spain, France, Ita ly and Portugal ( table 2). According to OIV statistical
data (2015), Spain is the world's largest wine -growing country with an area of 1021 thousand hectares.
Annual wine production exceeds 37 million hectoliters , which ranks third in the top of wine produ cing
countries after Italy and France. But France remains the world's largest wine producer, with 47.5 million
hectoliters (2015), being the country with the largest wine sales abroad.
Table 2
Distribution of the vine area in the EU, thousands of ha
2005 2010 2015 2015/2005
%
Spain 1180 1082 1021 -13,5
France 894 818 786 -12,1
Italy 842 795 682 -19
Portugal 248 244 217 -12,5
Romania 217 204 192 -11,6
Greece 113 112 107 -5,3
Germany 102 102 102 –
Hungary 83 68 56 -32,5
Bulgaria 95 81 64 -32,6
Aust ria 52 47 44 -15,4
Total 3900 3654 3362 -13,8
Source: OIV State of the viticulture world market.

Between 2005 and 2015, we notice that the largest vine -growing countries have experienced surface
reductions: Spain declined by 13.5%, France and Italy, hav ing a negative trend, declined by 13.5% and 19%
respectively, and the Portuguese vineyards decreased by 12.5%. The largest reductions in wine -growing
areas were registered in Hungary – 32.5% and Bulgaria – 32.6%. Romania's wine -growing area also
declined b y 11.6% in this period ( figure 4). Romania ranks fifth in Europe by the vine area and is on the
sixth place in wine production. In this ranking, Romania is followed by Greece with 107 thousand hectares
of vine and Germany (102 thousand hectares), while the other states hold much smaller areas. Because of
the unfavorable climate, 10 EU countries do not cultivate vines [4].
390038843839372936913654
355434193410 3388
3362
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

ECONOMIE ȘI SOCIOLOGIE / ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY

95
No. 1 / 2018
Figure 4. Evolution of vineyards in the top of 5 EU countries in the years 2005 -2015, thousands ha
Source: Developed by author accordi ng to OIV Expert data , www.oiv.int .

The worldwide grape production over the past 15 years has shown a positive trend, despite the decline
in Europe's vineyards area ( figure 5).

Figure 5. Evolution of world grape prod uction in the period 2000 -2015, million tons
Source: OIV report, http://www.gie.uchile.cl/pdf/GIE_legislacion/Estadisticas%20OIV.2012.pdf.

Compared to 2000, world grape production increased by 17%, accounting for 755 million tons
in 2015. This increase in grape production can be explained by increasing yields as well as the improving
wine -making techniques. But the record in harvest was recorded in 2013 when about 76.8 million tons
of grapes were harvested.
Of the world grape production, about 40% is produced in Europe, 31% in Asia and 20% in America
[1]. Almost half of the grape production is used for wine production, 36% of the grapes are consumed fresh
and 8% take the shape of dried grapes, while the rest is for the production of fruit juice and musts.
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 350020052006200720082009201020112012201320142015
11801174116911651113108210321018102310221021
894888867858837818806800794791786
842844838825812795776713705690682
248249248246244244240236229224217
Spain France Italy Portugal Romania Greece
64,8
61,161,5
63,168,1
67,467
65,667,4
68,26869,2
69,576,8
75,175,7
50607080
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Revistă teoretico -științifică / Theoretical and scientifical j ournal

96
No. 1 / 2018
Figure 6. The share of total world grape production per product type
Source: OIV Statistical Report on World Vitiviniculture.

In the world practice there has been a tradition of producing and using gra pes. The main vine
plantations (75%) and grape producers (80%) are in: Italy, Spain, France, Turkey, United States of America,
China, Argentina, Portugal, Romania and Yugoslavia.
The best indicators of vineyard productivity are found in the USA, Italy and Argentina. But according
to the quality of the grapes used for processing, Spain and Portugal are the number one, according to wine
varieties – France, according to the number of table grapes varieties – Italy, according to the number of
varieties of raisi ns – Turkey [10].
Over the past 15 years, we have seen a 12% increase in table grape consumption. This is due to the
increase of areas of table grapes and raisins varieties in Greece, Italy, the United States, Turkey, Iran and
other countries ( figure 6). D uring the analyzed period, the European share of world grape production has
dramatically reduced. If in 2000 about 52.3% of all grapes in the world came from Europe, then in 2014,
this share accounted for only 39%. European grape production in 2000 was abo ut 34.3 million tons and in
2014 it amounted only 29 million tons, decreasing by 5.3 million tons or by 15.5%. At the same time, those
which registered increases were: Asia: from 13.2 million tons grapes to 24.1 million tons, more by 10.9
million tons (82. 5%) and America from 12.8 million tons grapes to 15.2 million tons, more by 2.8 million
tons ( figure 7).

Figure 7. Continental evolution of the grape harvest in the period 2000 -2015, million tons
Source: OIV Statistical Report on World Vitivinicultur e.

According to the Report : State of the viticulture world market , China, in 2015, became one of the
largest grape producers in the world with 12.6 million tons, followed by Italy, with an annual grape
production of 8.3 million tons. France and the United States are not far behind, annual outputs being of 6.3
million tons and 7.2 million tons, respectively. Spain produces an average of 6 million tons per year. Turkey
produces 3.8 million tons annually. Argentina, Iran and Chile have an annual production of over 2 million
tons, and South Africa produces a volume of 2 million tons, table 3 [2].

Fresh grapes;
23.9%
Dried grapes;
8.7%Wine
grapes;
57%Juice and
musts;
3.9%
2000
Fresh
grapes;
35.80%
Dried grapes ;
9%Wine
grapes;
43.70%Juice and
musts;
5.50%
2015
America
12.8
Asia 13.2Europe
34.3Africa 3.2Oceania
1.4
2000
America
15.2
Asia
24.1Europe
29Africa
4.7Oceania
2.1
2014

ECONOMIE ȘI SOCIOLOGIE / ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY

97
No. 1 / 2018 Table 3
Grape production by country in 2011 -2015, millions of tons
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
China 9.2 10.6 11.6 12.3 12.6
Italy 7.1 6.9 8 6.9 8.2
USA 6.5 6,8 7.8 7.1 7
France 6.6 5.4 5.5 6.1 6.3
Spain 5.7 5.3 7.4 6.1 6
Turkey 4.3 4.2 4 4.2 3.6
Chile 3 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.1
India 1.2 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.6
Argentina 3 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.4
Iran 2.1 2.2 2 2.2 2.1
South Africa 1.7 1.8 2 2 2
Australia 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7
Egypt 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6
Brazil 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5
Germany 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2
Total in the world 69.2 69.5 76.8 75.1 75.7
Source: http://ec.europa. eu/eurostat/statistics -explained/index.php/Agricultural_production_ -_crops .

Rom ania. Relative to the appearance and the vine culture on the territory of Romania, historians
appreciate that this concern dates back more than 2500 years, respectively from t he Thracian times. This aspect
is supported by the great historian Nicolae Iorga, who, based on his experience and expertise, affirm that: „The
vine cultivation is also traditional in wine -loving Thracians ”. We note that in time, the viticulture is develop ing
as a traditional basic activity. At first as rudimentary and after the development of this concern, it was necessary
to improve and create technical means that have competed for the production of large oriented products and
the quality of the products both in their natural state and of those processed.
„The varieties of wine are placed in the ecological system corresponding to the delimited wine –
growing zone, where quality wines with a registered designation of quality and quality steps (DOOC), top
quality wines with a proven origin (DOC), superior wines (SW) and current consumption wines (table,
region). The varieties in wine production have different destinations: for winemaking, for fresh consumption
and for raisins. Grape varieties are made up of a v ariety of varieties, in a summer -to-autumn sequence, to
ensure fresh consumption for as long as possible. The location of varieties on land depends on the
technological and economic value of new plantations ” [12].

Table 4
Main varieties of vines cultivat ed in Romania
Vine cultivated for white wines Vine varieties grown for red wines Vine cultivated for raisins
1. Galbenă de Odobe sti
2. Aligote
3. Fetească alb a
4. Grasă de Cotnari
5. Pinot gris
6. Riesling italian
7. Chardonnay
8. Saugvnion
9. Muscat Ottonel
10. Tamaioasa 1) Babeasc a neagra
2) Cadarc a
3) Cabernet Sauvignon
4) Merlot
5) Feteasc a neagr a
6) Pinot noir 11. Perlette
12. Armenia
13. Kas Mas
14. Sultanina
Source : https://conspecte.com/Viticultura -si-vinificatie/viticultura.html

Over time, viticulture has undergone various transformations due to climatic, technical, ecogeographic,
ownership, geoclimatic factors and, today, viticulture is a science. The existence of viticultural research centers
demonstrates scientific concerns i n the wine sector. In relation to ownership, more than 90% of the land is
privatized and, as a result, we are talking about a competitive environment where competition to obtain

Revistă teoretico -științifică / Theoretical and scientifical j ournal

98
No. 1 / 2018 products at the highest quality is very high. Moreover, traditional Romanian p roducts are comparable to
products made by the 15 countries in the top international wine segment ( table 5).
Table 5
Wine production (excluding juice and musts)1
Unit: mhl 2013 2014 2005 2016
Provisional 2017
forecast 2017/2016
Valiation in volume 2017/20 16
Valiation in % ranking
Italy 54,0 44,2 50,0 50,9 39,3 -11,6 -23 1
Fran ce 42,1 46,5 47,0 45,2 36,7 -8,5 -19 2
Spain 45,3 39,5 37,7 39,3 33,5 -5,8 -15 3
USA2 24,2 23,1 21,7 23,6 23,3 -0,3 -1 4
Australia 12,3 11,9 11,9 13,1 13,9 0,8 6 5
Argentina 15,0 15,2 13,4 9,4 11,8 2,4 25 6
China* 11,8 11,6 11,5 11,4 11,4 0,0 0 7
South America 11,0 11,5 11,2 10,5 10,8 0,3 2 8
Chile 12,8 9,9 12,9 10,1 9,5 -0,7 -6 9
German y 8,4 9,2 8,9 9,0 8,1 -0,9 -10 10
Portugal 6,2 6,2 7,0 6,0 6,6 0,6 10 11
Russia* 5,3 4,9 5,6 5,6 5,6 0,0 0 12
Rom ania 5,1 3,7 3,6 3,3 5,3 2,1 64 13
Brazil 2,7 2,6 2,7 1,3 3,4 2,1 169 14
Hungary 2,6 2,4 2,8 2,8 2,9 0,1 3 15
New Zealand 2,5 3,2 2,3 3,1 2,9 -0,3 -9 16
Greece 3,3 2,8 2,5 2,6 2,5 -0,1 -5 17
Serbia* 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 0,0 0 18
Austria 2,4 2,0 2,3 2,0 2,4 0,4 23 19
Moldova 2,6 1,6 1,6 1,5 1,8 0,3 20 20
Bulgaria 1,7 0,7 1,3 1,2 1,2 0,0 -2 21
Gheorgia * 1,0 1,1 1,3 1,1 1,1 0,0 0 22
OIV World Total3 290,1 269,5 274,7 268,8 246,7 -22,1 -8
1 – countries for which intern ation has been provided with a wine production of more than 1 mln ; 2 – OIV estimate
based on UOSA info ; 3 – OIV mid -range estimate. Range for evaluation of 2017 world production from 243,3 mhl to
250,1 mhl ; *Ration for the year 2016 -2017 figures not yet av ailable .
Source : http://bani.md/topul -celor -mai-mari -producatori -de-vin-din-lume -ce-loc-ocupa -r-moldova -in-
2017 –99607.html

According to the European viticulture statistics, we can say that Romania exists on the wine market
at European level, being on th e 5th place on the surface (183 000 ha) after Spain, France, Italy and Portugal
(Spain: 941,000 hectares, France: 802,000 hectares, Italy: 610,000 hectares, Portugal: 198,000 hectares,
Romania: 183,000 hectares) [13] and 20th place in wine consumption (24, 26 l/year/capita). The cultivation
of wine on the territory of the present Romania did not cease at any moment. On the contrary, winegrowers
and vineyard owners have invested so much time and resources in this occupation that they have come to
be known eve n beyond the borders of the country ” [14].
Today , in Romania we discuss 8 major wine regions:
a. The region Crișana and Maramureș;
b. The region Podis ul Transilvania;
c. The region Oltenia and Muntenia;
d. The region Banat;
e. The region Terasele Dunării;
f. The region Do brogea;
g. The sandy region in the south of the country;
h. Region of Moldova.
The fierce competition on the wine market involves connecting it to the new, technology and
science for get new varieties and applying new, better performing crop techniques, which ar e
quality oriented.
Ukraine. Wine production on the territory of modern Ukraine emerged in the 11th century in the
northern part of the country (around Kiev and Cernigov), where the monks began to produce wine, and in

ECONOMIE ȘI SOCIOLOGIE / ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY

99
No. 1 / 2018 the 4th century BC e. on the Black Sea coast. Historically, wine regions of modern Ukraine have been part
of different states, inhabited by different peoples and, today, they are suddenly different according to
climatic conditions. During Soviet times, Ukraine, with a total area of 2500 km², w as the largest wine
supplier in the USSR. Since 1986, about 800 km² of vineyards have been destroyed. Since 2000, wine
production and export have increased.
Currently, Ukraine can not boast a strong wine country status, dictating fashion in the field. Over the
past 26 years (1990 -2017), grape wine production in Ukraine has declined 5.6 times – to 1.2 million
hectoliters. After the tensions in the Crimean region, about half of the vineyards remained in Crimean
territory. In 2017, Ukraine imported 12 million liters of wine in the amount of $ 23.4 million, while exports
declined by 50%. In 2017, wine production in Ukraine increased by almost 1.5% compared to the previous
year, but the production of sparkling wines decreased by 24%. The main reason is to reduce the demand on
the market, even during holidays. Today, domestic producers are actively working in three segments. The
first – the processing of grapes in wine and materials for export to neighboring countries. The second is the
bottling of imported wines ( from Chile and Moldova) for further implementation in Ukraine. The third
segment is focused on the local market and includes the production of mostly cheap wines of different
quality. And just less than half percent are the so -called elite wines that are p riced at high prices. However,
the buyers segment, able to buy these wines, prefers strong drinks and imported wines.

Figur e 8. Wine production, 2016, million decals
Source: Elaborated by the author .

Firstly, in Ukraine, there are more sweet and s emi-sweet wines, oriented by the market in the eastern
country. We mention that dry wine is the most appreciated in the world because it is made from selected
grapes and without additives. Currently, the semi -sweet wine is given preference in the domestic market ,
although we can find options for the dry wines.
Secondly, the history of Ukrainian winemaking is too short. For example, in France, wine has been
produced since the IVth century, as wine production has become so famous over time. The Austrians have
faced this task for 30 years, and the Italians needed 70 years. So, a new "right" era of production is just
beginning. Wine production is still at the stage of experimentation: Ukrainians are still looking for varieties
for Ukrainian soils, which will dev elop better, how to work with them and how to combine world production
technologies with Ukrainian realities. It takes time to prepare the vineyards.
In order for Ukraine to become a successful winemaking country, it must, according to the authors,
focus a nd take the lead of European leaders in the production of quality grape wines. Ukraine's natural
conditions make it possible to acquire the status of a large wine state.
The main countries from the EU producing the largest amount of grapes intended for win e use are:
Italy (29.4%), France (26.3%) and Spain (23.6%), accounting for 79.3% of total production in 2015. These
were followed by Germany (5.1%), Portugal (3.9%), Romania (3.2%), Greece (2.3%), Hungary (2%) and
Austria (1.3%). In 2015 wine grape product ion increased by about 3.5% compared to 2014 and remained
3.4% above the average level of 5 years [7].
As a conclusion, we can mention that the world vine area (regardless of the final destination of grapes
and vineyards that are not yet in production) has increased to 7.5 million hectares, with an increase of 313
thousand hectares (with 4%) compared to 2000. The vineyards of the EU continued a slight downward trend
with 14% ( -538 thousand ha between 2000 and 2015). Spain remains the leader in the cultivate d area, with
for champagne and
sparkling wines

for cognacs

for table wines

for strong wines

others

Revistă teoretico -științifică / Theoretical and scientifical j ournal

100
No. 1 / 2018 over one million hectares (1021 million ha) in front of China (0.83 thousand ha) and France (0.78 thousand
ha). China has confirmed its position as the country with the second largest vine area.
Global grape production increased by 17% compare d to 2000, despite the decline in the area under
vines. The largest producer in 2015 was China, with 12.6 million tons, (17% of world grapes production),
followed by Italy (8.2 million tons), the United States (7.0 million tons) and France (6.3 million ton s), although
the European share of world grape production has fallen dramatically from 52.3% in 2000 to 39% in 2014.
Therefore, Italy (29.4%), France (26.3%) and Spain (23.6%) accounted for 79.3% of total grape
production for wine use in 2015 from EU. Ital y confirmed once again its world wine status. These countries
are at the forefront not only in the quantity of wine but also in quality. The characteristic feature of Italy, as a
wine country, is the variety of grape. Italy is the only state in the world t hat has a lot of local grape varieties.
Each region carries in its glass not only its grape variety, but also the culture and history of its region.

REFERENCES
1. World Vitiviniculture Situation: OIV Statistical Report on World Vitiviniculture. International organisation
of Vine and Wine. 2017. [Accesat 11.10.2017]. Disponibil: www.oiv.int/public/medias/5479/oiv -en-bilan –
2017.pdf
2. State of the viticulture world market. Organization international de la Vigne et du Vin. 2016, april. [Accesat
11.10.2017]. Disponi bil: http://www.oiv.int/public/medias/4710/oiv -noteconjmars2016 -en.pdf
3. Regulame ntul (UE) al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului de instituire a unei organizări comune a
piețelor produselor agricole și de abrogare a Regulamentelor (CEE) nr. 922/72, (CEE) nr. 234/79, (CE)
nr. 1037/2001 și (CE) nr. 1234/2007 ale Consiliului: nr. 13 08/2013 din 17.12.2013. In: Jurnalul Oficial al
Uniunii Europene. 2013. [Accesat 15.08.2017]. Disponibil: http://eur -lex.europa.eu/legal –
content/RO/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013R1308
4. PANȚURU, Bogdan. Eurostat: România – țara cu cei mai mulți proprietari de vie din UE. In: Revista
Agrobusiness. 2017, nr. 9, 1 -15 mai, p. 12. [Accesat 15 august 2017]. Disponibil: http://www.agro –
business.ro/eurostat -romania -tara-cu-cei-mai-multi -proprietari -de-vie-din-ue/2017/05/05/
5. Винный центр. Мировое производство и потребление винограда. [Accesat 12.10.2017]. Disponibil:
http://vinocenter.ru/mirovoe -proizvodstvo -i-potreblenie -vinograda.html
6. Where are Grape Growin? [Accesat 12.10.2017]. Disponibil: http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top –
grape -growing -countries.html
7. Agricultural production – crops. Eurostat. 2017, november. [Accesat 12.10.2017]. Disponibil:
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics -explained/index.php/Agricultural_production_ -_crops
8. DASCĂLU, Ionuț , MĂNESCU, C amelia, MATE OC-SÎRB, Nicoleta. Evolution of world grape and wine
production. In: Lucrări Științifice Management Agricol . Timișoara, 2017, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 33 -38. ISSN
1453 -1410.
9. Table and dried grapes. FAO -OIV Focus 2016: non -alcoholic products of the vitivinicultural sector intended
for human consumption: statistical report. F ood and agriculture organization of the United Nations. 2016.
[Accesat 21.09.2017]. Disponibil: http://www.fao.org/3/a -i7042e.pdf
10. MONTAIGNE, Etienne, SIMON -ELORZ, Katrin, COELHO, Alfredo. The Reform of the Common
Organization of the Market in Wine. Europea n Parliament. IP/B/REGI/ST/2006 -22. Brussels, 2006.
[Accesat 16.11.2017]. Disponibil:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275959048_Reform_of_the_Common_Organisation_of_the_Mark
et_in_Wine
11. CAMPBELL, Gwyn, GUIBERT, Natalie. Introduction: Old World stra tegies against New World
competition in a globalising wine industry. In: British Food Journal. 2006 , vol. 108, no. 4. ISSN 0007 –
070X. [Accesat 04.11.2017]. Disponibil: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald -publishing/introduction –
old-world -strategies -against -new-world -competition -in-a-V4Q2sOXRHM
12. Viticultura. 2018, 11 january. [Accesat 23.01. 2018]. Disponibil: https:/ /conspecte.com/Viticultura -si-
vinificatie/viticultura.html
13. Arhive zilnice. România noastră. [Accesat 23.01. 2018]. Disponibil: http://romanianoastra.info/2017/09/30/
14. România – pe harta zonelor viticole din Europa. [Accesat 11.01. 2018]. Disponibil:
https://www.agro.basf.ro/agroportal/ro/ro/stiri/stirile_agricole/ghidul -principalelor -regiuni -viticole -si-
podgorii -din-romania -311936.html

Recommended for publication: 29.01.2018