Existence of common xed points on modular spaces with [620032]
Existence of common xed points on modular spaces with
respect toC-class functions
Arslan Hojat Ansari1, Liliana Guran2
Abstract. In this paper, we prove the existence of common xed points for a generalized weak
contractive mapping in modular spaces concerning a new type of functions- Cclass functions. Then,
our results generalize various comparable results in the existing literature.
1. Introduction and mathematical preliminaries
Over the years the well-know Banach's contraction principle has been generalized in many
ways, see([ 8], [9], [11], [26], [33], [32] [34]).
For the case of weakly contractions are studied some extensions of Banach's contraction prin-
ciple. Let us recall the notion of weakly contraction.
A mapping T:X!Xwhere (X;d) is a metric space, is said to be weakly contraction if
(1) d(T(x);T(y))d(x;y) '(d(x;y));
where': [0;1)![0;1) is a continuous and nondecreasing function such that '(t) = 0 if
and only if t= 0.
In 2008 Dutta and Choudhury ([ 14]) introduced a new generalization of contractions in metric
spaces and proved the following theorem.
Theorem 1.1.Let(X;d)be a complete metric space, T:X!Xbe a self-mapping satisfying
the inequality
(2) (d(Tx;Ty )) (d(x;y)) '(d(x;y));
where ;' : [0;1)![0;1)are both continuous and monotone nondecreasing functions with
(t) ='(t) = 0 if and only if t= 0.
Then T has a unique xed point.
We note that, if one takes (t) =t, then (2) reduces to (1).
In 2009 Zhang and Song [ 39] used generalized '-weak contractions which is dened for two
mappings and gave conditions for existence of a common xed point.
Theorem 1.2.Let (X, d) be a complete metric space and T;S :X!Xtwo mapping such
that for all x;y2X
(3) d(Tx;Ty )M(x;y) '(M(x;y));
2010 Mathematics Subject Classication. 46T99; 47H10; 54H25.
Key words and phrases. C-class function, common xed point, -modular space.
1
2 A.H. ANSARI, L. GURAN
where': [0;1)![0;1)is lower semi-continuous function with '(t)>0fort2(0;1),
'(0) = 0 , andM(x;y) = maxfd(x;y);d(Tx;x );d(Sy;y );d(y;Tx )+d(x;Sy)
2g.
Then there exists the unique point u2Xsuch thatu=Tu=Su.
Later D. Doric [ 13] has generalized Theorem 1.2 and proved the following theorem.
Theorem 1.3.Let(X;d)be a complete metric space, T:X!Xbe a self-mapping where
(a) : [0;1)![0;1)is a continuous monotone nondecreasing function with (t) = 0 if and
only ift= 0,
(b)': [0;1)![0;1)is a lower semi-continuous function with '(t) = 0 if and only if t= 0,
(c) M is dened in Theorem 1.2.
Then there exists the unique point u2Xsuch thatu=Tu=Su.
Next, let us present a brief recollection of basic concepts and facts in modular space.
Definition 1.1.LetXbe a vector space over R(orC). A functional :X![0;1]is called
a modular if for arbitrary xandy, elements of X, it satises the following conditions:
(m1)(x) = 0 if and only if x= 0;
(m2)(x) =(x)for all scalar ; withjj= 1;
(m3)(x+y)(x) +(y), whenever ;0and+= 1.
If we replace (m3)by
(m4)(x+y)s(x) +s(y), for;0;s+s= 1 with ans2(0;1], then the
modularis calleds-convex modular, and if s= 1,is called convex modular.
Proposition 1.1.(1)(x)is a nondecreasing function of 0;
(2) Ifis s – convex then s(x)is a nondecreasing function of 0.
Definition 1.2.The vector space Xgiven by
(4) X=fx2X;(x)!0as!0g
is called a modular space. Xis a vector subspace of X.
Followings are some consequences of condition ( m3):
Remark 1.1.([10])
(r1)Fora,b2Rwithjaj<jbjwe have(ax)<(bx)for allx2X;
(r2)Fora1;:::;an2R+withnP
i=1ai= 1, we have
nX
i=1aixi!
nX
i=1(xi);for anyx1;:::;xn2X:
Proposition 1.2.([29]) LetXbe a modular space. If a;b2R+withba;then(ax)
(bx).
Remark 1.2.A function modular is said to satisfy:
a)2 type condition if there exists K > 0such that for any x2X, we have(2x)K(x)
b)2-condition if (2xn)!0 asn!1 , whenever (xn)!0 asn!1 .
Definition 1.3.A sequencefxngin modular space Xis said to be:
(t1) convergent to x2Xif(xn x)!0asn!1
(t2) Cauchy if(xn xm)!0asn; m!1:
Xis called complete if any -Cauchy sequence is -convergent. Note that, convergence
does not imply -Cauchy since does not satisfy the triangle inequality. In fact, one can show that
this will happen if and only if satises the 2 condition.
EXISTENCE OF COMMON FIXED POINTS ON MODULAR SPACES WITH RESPECT TO C-CLASS FUNCTIONS 3
Definition 1.4.LetXbe a modular space, where satises the 2-condition. Two self-
mappings T and f of Xare called- compatible if (fTxn Tfxn)!0asn!1 , whenever
fxngn2Nis a sequence in Xsuch thatfxn!zandTxn!zfor some point z2X.
Mongkolkeha and Kumam (see [ 27], [28]) proved the existence of common xed points as
follows.
Theorem 1.4.([27]) LetXbe a-complete modular space, where satises the 2-condition.
Letc;l2R+;c>l andT;f:X!Xare two-compatible mappings such that T(X)f(X)
and
(5)Z(c(Tx Ty))
0'(t) dtZ(l(fx fy))
0'(t) dt Z(l(fx fy))
0'(t) dt!
);
for anyx;y2X;where': [0;1)![0;1)is a Lebesgue integrable which is summable, nonneg-
ative, and for all " >0;R"
0'(t) dt >0;and: [0;1)![0;1)is lower semicontinuous function
with(t)>0for allt>0and(t) = 0 if and only if t= 0. If one of Torfis continuous, then
there exists a unique common xed point of Tandf.
Theorem 1.5.([28]) LetXbe a-complete modular space, where satises the 2-condition.
Letc;l2R+;c>l andT;f:X!Xare two-compatible mappings such that T(X)f(X)
and satisfying the inequality
(6) ((c(Tx Ty))) ((l(fx fy))) ((l(fx fy)));
for anyx;y2X;where ;: [0;1)![0;1)are both continuous and monotone nondecreasing
functions with (t) =(t) = 0 if and only if t= 0. If one of Torfis continuous, then there
exists a unique common xed point of Tandf.
In [29] Mongkolkeha and Kumam proved the existence of xed points as follows.
Theorem 1.6.([29]) LetXbe a-complete modular space, where satises the 2-condition.
Letc;l2R+;c>l andT:X!Xbe a mapping satisfying the inequality
(7) ((c(Tx Ty))) ((l(x y))) ((l(x y)));
for anyx;y2X;where ;: [0;1)![0;1)are both continuous and monotone nondecreasing
functions with (t) =(t) = 0 if and only if t= 0. Then,Thas a unique xed point.
With note to ((l(Tx Ty))) ((c(Tx Ty))) andlT(X)lf(X);they can revise to
following forms.
Theorem 1.7.LetXbe a-complete modular space, where satises the 2-condition. Let
T;f:X!Xare two-compatible mappings such that T(X)f(X)and
Z(Tx Ty)
0'(t) dtZ(fx fy)
0'(t) dt Z(fx fy)
0'(t) dt!
);
for anyx;y2X;where': [0;1)![0;1)is a Lebesgue integrable which is summable, nonneg-
ative, and for all " >0;R"
0'(t) dt >0;and: [0;1)![0;1)is lower semicontinuous function
with(t)>0for allt>0and(t) = 0 if and only if t= 0. If one of Torfis continuous, then
there exists a unique common xed point of Tandf.
Theorem 1.8.LetXbe a-complete modular space, where satises the 2-condition. Let
T;f :X!Xare two-compatible mappings such that T(X)f(X)and satisfying the
inequality
((Tx Ty)) ((fx fy)) ((fx fy));
4 A.H. ANSARI, L. GURAN
for anyx;y2X;where where ;: [0;1)![0;1)are both continuous and monotone nonde-
creasing functions with (t) =(t) = 0 if and only if t= 0. If one of Torfis continuous, then
there exists a unique common xed point of Tandf.
Another useful xed point result was proved by Mongkolkeha and Kumam (see [ 29]) as follows.
Theorem 1.9.LetXbe a-complete modular space, where satises the 2-condition. Let
T:X!Xbe a mapping satisfying the inequality
((Tx Ty)) ((x y)) ((l(x y)));
for anyx;y2X;where ;: [0;1)![0;1)are both continuous and monotone nondecreasing
functions with (t) =(t) = 0 if and only if t= 0. Then,Thas a unique xed point.
Beygmohammadi and Razani [ 10] proved the existence of xed points as follows.
Theorem 1.10.([10]) LetXbe a-complete modular space, where satises the 2-condition.
Assume that ':R+![0;1)is an increasing and upper semicontinuous function satisfying
(t)t;8t>0
Let': [0;1)![0;1)is a Lebesgue integrable which is summable, nonnegative, and for all
">0;R"
0'(t) dt>0;and letf:X!Xbe a mapping such that there are c;l2Rwherel<c ,
(8)Z(c(fx fy))
0'(t) dt Z(l(x y))
0'(t) dt!
;
for anyx;y2X:Thenfhas a unique xed point in X:
As a particular case we have the following result.
Theorem 1.11.LetXbe a-complete modular space, where satises the 2-condition.
Assume that ':R+![0;1)is an increasing and upper semicontinuous function satisfying
(t)t;8t>0
Let': [0;1)![0;1)is a Lebesgue integrable which is summable, nonnegative, and for all
">0;R"
0'(t) dt>0;and letf:X!Xbe a mapping such that ,
(9)Z(fx fy)
0'(t) dt Z(x y)
0'(t) dt!
;
for anyx;y2X:Thenfhas a unique xed point in X:
T.L. Shateri (see [ 37]) proved the existence of common xed points as follows.
Theorem 1.12.LetXbe a complete modular space, where satises the 2-condition. Suppose
that':R+![0;1)is an increasing and upper semicontinuous function satisfying '(t)t, with
t>0.
LetCbe a-closed subset of Xand letT;S :C!Cbe mappings such that there exist
;2R+with> , and((Tx Sy))'(((x y))), for allx;y2C. ThenTandShave
a unique common xed point in C.
As a particular case we have the following result.
Theorem 1.13.LetXbe a complete modular space, where satises the 2-condition. Suppose
that':R+![0;1)is an increasing and upper semicontinuous function satisfying '(t)t, with
t>0.
LetCbe a-closed subset of Xand letT;S :C!Cbe mappings such that (Tx Sy)
'((x y));for allx;y2C. ThenTandShave a unique common xed point in C.
EXISTENCE OF COMMON FIXED POINTS ON MODULAR SPACES WITH RESPECT TO C-CLASS FUNCTIONS 5
Now, we recall the notion of C-class function introduced by Ansari in [ 5]. For examples and
more applications see also [ 15, 16, 24 ].
Definition 1.5.[5]A mapping F: [0;+1)2!Ris calledC-class function if it is continuous
and the following conditions hold:
(1)F(s;t)sfor alls;t2[0;+1);
(2)F(s;t) =simplies that either s= 0 ort= 0.
Denote Cthe family ofC-class functions.
Following examples show that the class Cis nonempty.
Example 1.1.[5]LetF: [0;+1)2!R, withs;t2[0;+1). Then we have:
(1)F(s;t) =s t,F(s;t) =s)t= 0;
(2)F(s;t) =ms,0<m< 1,F(s;t) =s)s= 0;
(3)F(s;t) =s
(1+t)r,r2(0;+1),F(s;t) =s)s= 0 ort= 0;
(4)F(s;t) = loga[(t+as)=(1 +t)],a>1,F(s;t) =s)s= 0 ort= 0;
(5)F(s;t) = ln[(1 + as)=2],e>a> 1,F(s;t) =s)s= 0;
(6)F(s;t) = (s+l)(1=(1+t)r) l,l>1;r2(0;+1),F(s;t) =s)t= 0;
(7)F(s;t) =slogt+aa,a>1,F(s;t) =s)s= 0 ort= 0;
(8)F(s;t) =s (1+s
2+s)(t
1+t),F(s;t) =s)t= 0;
(9)F(s;t) =s(s),: [0;+1)