INTELLIGENT SMART ENERGY STILLER Abdelrahman Salem STEM Egypt school 2014 -2017 Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University 2017 – currently… [619078]

(ISES)
INTELLIGENT SMART ENERGY STILLER
Abdelrahman Salem
STEM Egypt school 2014 -2017
Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University 2017 – currently
[anonimizat]
[anonimizat]
+201001568008
Key words : Reflector – Heater – Solar energy – LDR – Arduino
Abstract:
Lack of water resources and water pollution are some of the major hazards to
the security of our water. Do you know the amount of water that consumed and
produced in Egypt?
This year Egypt's water needs stand at 76 billion cubic meters and will k eep
increasing dramatically in a direct relation with increase of the population. The
River Nile supplies Egypt with about 55.5 billion cubic meters each year which
represents about 69.8% of Egypt's water needs. Moreover, citizens still depend on
the fresh water as the main
source to obtain drinkable water. In addition , there are about 38 million Egyptian
citizens suffering from the water pollution issue, in addition, about 5.4 tons of
pollutants are being thrown into water every year? Therefore, the proble m mainly
was the lack of clean water resources.
In this project, we are attempting to depend on seawater as a major source for
the drinkable water. We will evaporate the seawater by depending on the sunrays
to evaporate salty water and get distilled w ater.
Introduction:
It is well known that Egypt faces several severe
problems and grand challenges and the lack of the clean
water resources is one of them , as shown in the opposing
diagram . The problem of the leakage of the water clean
resources is a problem that the whole world suffers from
now.
Most of the trials are about how to rely on another sources
www.ecomena.org/egyaapt -water/

and the more common source is the water from seas and oceans.
This water are somehow clean except that there are some salts and small amounts
of impurities that must be cleaned. There are many ways to treat these water like the
RO systems and Carbon nanotubes and using natural light and heat energy to
evaporate the water. We found that depending on natural light and energy is cheap,
efficient, and keep the environment clean because we didn’t burn any fossil fuel to
get energy. We have used benefit of sun heater idea, and we used glass tube, dark
black tube, parabola reflector, LDR, and Arduino.
We hope that this project will meet the design requirements tested by our
prototype that to decrease the energy used so there would be a decreasing in the cost
and being green to the environment.
Materials & Methods:
We used a variety of materials to build t he prototype and perform our test plan as
shown in the following. Materials and Meth ods of performing the test plan.
We decided to turn our idea into a real model by performing a simple prototype that
will express the whole idea. In order to make this prot otype. Therefore, we used the
following materials: glass tube, PVC tube, black metal tube, reflector, condenser,
thermal insulator, silicon, glue, arduino board, LDR , bread board, servo motor,
resistors and jumpers.
Results :
After we had determined our design requirements which are high efficiency,
clean environment and cast. We tried to test our prototype. We started our
experiments to test our design requirements: –
Efficiency :
Firstly, we did our experiment in different conditions such as: sunny day and cloudy
day distilled water we found that the average of the distilled water is near to the ideal
results that is from 8 to 10 liters per day, so our prototype achieve efficiency higher
than the plants which evaporate the seawater by
using electricity or fuel. Also if we use large scale we will find the results in the
following table: –

Cost:
We’ve calculated the price of every liter of water that we produce and calculated
the price of every liter that produced by government water treatment plants, then
we’ve compared the two prices of them.
Our liter casted the price of the energy that used to treatment only (2.5 watt per
hour, 10 watt per 4 hours, 30 watt per day, .9 kilo watt monthly) and produced
approximately 37.5 liter per 4 hours (0.004 L.E for liter) is lower than the
government liter cost (0.05 L.E for liter), we’ve succeeded to achieve this design
requirement. In addition, the following table represent the results of this test plan.
Note: – Whole of these data collected by considering that our scale is 2 meter square.
Amount of energy
that we used Amount of water
that we produced Price of our
water Price of
government
water Day condition Project’s scale (meter square) Production (Liter)
Sunny day 2 18.75 L
Sunny day 5 46.8 L
Sunny day 10 93.75 L
Cloudy day 2 13.125 L
Cloudy day 5 32.8 L
Cloudy day 10 65.6 L

2.5 watt 18.75 L .oo4 L.E .95 L.E
7.5 watt 56.25 L .012 L.E 2.85 L.E
25 watt 187.5 L .o4 L.E 9.5 L.E
50 watt 562.5 L .08 L.E 19 L.E

Eco-friendly:
Finally, after we had done our experiments we did not observe any exhausted like
carbon dioxide or fumes Emit from the prototype. In addition, it did not affect the
environment badly and keep the human health , as shown in the following real
figures .

Discussion:
The right to sustainable wa ter is the right of everyone to enjoy safe and clean
water. However, Egypt suffers from many water problems that may prevent its
development such as: Water Pollution, Lack of Water Supplies, and Spread of
Diseases. As shown in the following figures. There are about 9 million cubic meters
of fresh water that are wasted annually in Egypt by different human activities like
washing, showering or in toilets.
The right to sustainable water is the right of everyone to enjoy safe and clean
water. However, Egypt suffers from many water problems that may prevent its
development such as: Water Pollution, Lack of Water Supplies, and Spread of
Diseases. As shown in th e following figures. There are about 9 million cubic meters
of fresh water that are wasted annually in Egypt by different human activities like
washing, showering or in toilets.

The reflector is put behind the prototype to reflect the ra ys of the sun to make
the prototype face the sun from every directions . The dark tube absorb the rays of
sun and help to increase the temperature, and the small gab between the glass tube
and the drack tube help to increase the speed of evaporation because of decreasing
the amount of seawater , so the water will evaporate. After
water evaporating, the water vapor rises and get into the
condenser, and it condenses in the condenser then, the water
turns into distilled water without any salts.
There’s an e lectronics part to control the moving of the
prototype by using Arduino , LDR, motor and arm to make the
prototype move with the sun (as shown in the previous figure).
Solar radiations spans a wide spectrum beyond the visible range of light. It is
estimated that 44% of the light emitted by the Sun is visible with 7% in the
ultraviolet range and 49% in the infrared range. When visible light impacts with
the surface of the Earth or its a tmosphere, it loses much of its energy in the process
and most of this is later emitted back into space as longer wavelength infrared
radiation.
Capturing this energy using a Nano antenna array could serve two important
purposes. The energy could be used to power numerous electronic devices, and it
could also be drawn away from equipment like computer
There are factors effect on the result of the project like (Temperature, Amount
of water, Gab between the glassy tube and the dark tube, and ratio of salt in water).
The prototype also showed the abil ity to work properly and end the processes
without losses in any stage. Its electrodes decays after a while as result of the

chemical reaction. That could be concluded from the hypotheses that we used to
construct the prototype. The results are verified an d administrated by “Dr.
Mohammed Abdel Aziz” and written in a way that can be repeated. Moreover, the
percentage of error and tools used in the test are previously mentioned.
Conclusion:
The solution was chosen but our research will never end. We really aim to
design a practical solution for Egypt's water challenge. So we put in our plans
some topics of research to improve our solution.
We are going to do research about use the micro controllers to make th e
prototype depends on it only in its move, and make the prototype work at night by
using solar cells and store its energy in a battery then use this energy at night by
using it to work electric heater to evaporate water at night.
In addition, we reco mmend putting in mind the possibility of finding out more
efficient materials that offer very high permeability of water.
In addition, we are going to increase the efficiency of our project by decreasing
the gap between the glassy tube and the dark tube by using the equation:
Q=m ᶱ . Cp . ΔT
Q is the het net, m ᶱ is the flow rate, Cp is constant, and ΔT is Tout – Tin.
Solar energy is a near perfect source of energy, one where no pollution is related to
it. It causes no poisonous gasses or destruction
of rain forests, thus we can depend on it in order to purify the sea water to become
drinkable water. Hence the countries will be able to use our idea in different places
such as: –
1) Tourist village: – for supporting their resident with drinkable water an d do not
rely on the fresh water which come from long distance.
2) The Coastal area that have not any sources of the drinkable also can use our idea
in order to get renewable source of the drinkable water
References :
1) Solar Still Basics (solar still basics)
http://www.solaqua.com/solstilbas.html

2) Simple multiple wick solar still: Analysis and performance (Simple multiple
wick solar still: Analysis and performance)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0038092X8190075X

3) Collect Water in a Solar Still (Desert Survival: How to Build a Solar Still)
http://www.desertusa.com/desert -people/water -solar -still.html

4) Performance analysis of double slope wick -type solar still with varying
thermal insulation beneath the wick surface
By: Rajanarthini, R., K. Shanmugasundaram, and B. Jan arthanan.
Desalination And Water Treatment

5) Experimental investigation on the performance of solar still augmented
with pin -finned wick
By: Alaian, W.m., E.a. Elnegiry, and Ahmed M. Hamed.
Desalination