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LIMBA ENGLEZĂ 7 in invited five friends but none have come. an unspecified quantity of | pere i some some something; an unspecified | i number of people or things | Some have arrived. He was a foreigner and he felt ‘that he was treated as such 2 Some people say that “aon sould lays take a singular verb, even when talking about oarbe soune (eg five ens). They argue that “none” means “mo one”. and “one” is obviously singular. They sa a 1 vita five fiends but none has come” is correct and I invite ive fiends ut none have come” lecorse Historically and grammatical thee ise to suppor this view. “None” hasbeen wed for une Seo years with bth angular nds plural verb according the context andthe emphasis required such of the type already mentioned Intorrogative Pronouns We use interrogative pronouns to ask questions. The interrogative pronoun repre- sents the thing that we don’t know (what we are asking the question about) ‘There are four main interrogative pronouns: who, whom, what, which Notice that the possessive pronoun whose can also be an interogative pronoun (an interrogative possessive pronoun). person Whose? = al (a „Notice that whom îs the correct form when the pronoun isthe object ofthe verb, as în „Whom did you see? Pe cine ai văzut? („I saw John”) However, in normal, spoken Eng- Tish we rarely use whom, Most native speakers would say (or even write): „Who did you see?” Look at these example questions. Inthe sample answers, the noun phrase thatthe in- terrogative pronoun represents is shown in bold. [Bizet ARoTT MTT LIMBA ENGLEZĂ 18 Who told you? Whom did you tell? = Cui iai spus? old Mary. What’s happened? An accident’ happened. What do you want? I want coffee. object Which came first? ‘The Porsche 911 came first. i subject bit ——— ican a Which will the doctor see first? The doctor will see the PA | opiect tient in blue firs. ‘There’s one car missing, Whose hasn’t ar- rived? = A cui n-a venit | ns (ear) hasrit arrived, | subject We’ve found everyone’s keys. Whose did you find? = Peale cui le-ai găsit | 1 found John’s (keys). object Note that we sometimes use the suffix „-ever to make compounds from some of these pronouns (mainly whoever, whatever, whichever). When we ad „ever, we use it for emphasis, often to show confusion or surprise. Look at these examples: ‘+ Whoever would waat todo such a nasty thing? + Whatever did he say to make her ey ike that? + They’ll fantastic! Whichever will you choose? ‘The Relative pronoun A relative pronoun isa pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a „rela- tive® pronoun because it „relates” o the word that it modifies, Here is an example: ‘+The person who phoned me lastnight is my teacher. Inthe above example, “who”: + relates to „person”, which it modifies ‘+ introduces the relative clause “who phoned me last night” ‘There ae five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that* ‘Who (subject) and whom (object) are generally only for people. Whose is for pos- session, Which is for things. That can be used for people** and things and as subject and object in defining relative clauses (clauses that are essential to the sentence and do not RESON AROTI MTT LIMBA ENGLEZĂ 19 simply add extra information). Relative pronouns can refer to singular or plural, and there i no difference between male and female. Look at these examples showing defining and non-defining relative clauses: ‘example sentences S = subject, O = object, P= possessive | MI ~The person who phoned me last night is my teacher. – The person that phoned me last ‘Sight is my teacher. ‘That is preferable – The car which hit me was yellow. “The cars that hit me were yellow. | Th – The person whom I phoned last night is my teacher The people who I phoned lastnight fare my teachers e person that I phoned lastnight în my teacher. | © | The person I phoned as night îs | ray teacher. = The cat which I dive i ol ‘That is preferable to which, The car that Idrive is ol ‘The relative pronoun is op- The eat drive is od tional. – The student whose phone just rang Should stand up. = Students whose parents are wealthy pay extra. P SO The police are looking forthe car ehh is usual for tings, ‘whose driver was masked. – “The police ae looking forthe car of PUL whose. sometimes ‘which the driver was masked. possible Whom is correct but very formal. The relative pronoun is optional || Mes Pratt, who is very Kind, is my || teacher. – The cat, which was a taxi exploded. – The cars, which were taxis, exploded, Whom îs correct but very formal. Who is normal LIMBA ENGLEZĂ E) | much, are my teachers – The car, whieh | was driving tthe time, suddenly caught fre. – My brother, whose phone you just heard, i a doctor. |The car whose dvr jumped out | jst before the accident was. com , | te ta | wich su ohne | = The car, the driver of which | A sued N e | jumped our jus before the accident, | POS | was completely destroyed. | (tall grammar sources count “hat” as a relative pronoun. + Some people claim that we cannot use “that” for people but must use “who‘whom”; there îs no good reason for such a claim, P LIMBA ENGLEZĂ a THE ADJECTIVE ‘The degrees of comparison Positive: the form of the adjective when it is not compared: tll high, beautiful Comparative: the form of the adjective when two objects are compared: tallaller, high-higher, beautful-more beautiful han Superlative: the adjective shows that the object has the quality represented in the highest degree: the tallest, the highest, the most beautiful Synthetic comparison: adjective + er for the comparative: for monosyllabic and some bisylabic adjectives ‘the + adjective + est for the superlative: for monosy and some bisyllabic adjectives Pos. ‘Comp. Super. eg. hot hotter the hottest small smaller- the smallest short shorter- the shortest dn drer- the driest fee – freer the freest for bisyllabie: happy-happier-the hap clever -cleverer-the cleverest handsome -handsomer-the handsomest narrow narrowersthe narrowest Exception: eager, proper, fertile, hostile, fragile —+make the comparative with more and the superlative with the most ‘eg. more proper- the most proper / more fenile-the most fertile ‘Analytical comparison: more + adjective forthe comparative. “The most + adjective forthe superlative -_ 1 îs used for adjectives formed of 2 or more syllables: careful ~ more careful- ‘the most careful, dfficult~more difficult-the most difficult. = It is also used for composed adjectives: well-known- bettersknown- the best- known, l-paid — worse-paid = the worst paid. ‘When two elements represent a unique broken — the most heart-broken img: heart-broken — more hear Some adjectives can have 2 forms forthe comparative and 2 for he superlative, but they are mostly used in one; for the synthetic comparison: calm, fit, huge, kind, rare, ‘vague, misty, sleepy, friendly, lovely, angry. Eg. angry ~ angrier – the angriest. For ana- lytical comparison : active, civil, common, ferile, hostile, constant, pleasant, prudent, stu- N AROTT MTT LIMBA ENGLEZĂ 2 pid, concise, precise, remote, profound, polite, unhappy, unpleasant, insecure. E.g. unhep- py: more unhappy’ the most unhappy. Irregular comparison ‘good-better-the best badill = worse-the worst much/many — more the most late later. the latest = cel mai recent, cel mai tărziu the latter = cel de-al doilea, cel din urmă atur sand se compară utimul dint-un gir de mai multe elder ~the eldest = cel mai bătrân, cel mai în vârstă (despre membri fami- tei) e folosit cu valoare atributivă: My elder brother îs an engineer. car. nearer- the nearest = cel mai apropiat in spațiu the next = următorul eg Peterisa near relation to me. Me. Green was the next person to arrive, Little less = the least —suncountable nouns : Ihave little sugar/money. Few ~ fewer- the fewest ~scountable nouns: We have few oranges inthe fridge. Fare farter-the farthest =cel mai indepartat în spațiu „further. the furthest» distant, “Suplimentar, ‘eg. Ihave no further questions. in plus’ Notes: 1. When you compare 2 things, you have to use: the former (primul) the latter (al doilea). have two brothers: he former is doctor, the later isan engineer. 2. ‘Structures: the + Comparative .. the + Comparative — cu cât… cu att ‘The more you study, the less you know. ‘The more beautiful she i, the better (itis) 3. Ieis/ any subject + Comparativ Itis colder and colder. His lectures are more and more “The old man felt worse and worse. LIMBA ENGLEZĂ 2 „THE NUMERAL Cardinal 1. Cardinal numbers in the English language could be roughly divi groups (according to the word formation). 1. The first group one = 1 two-2 three —3 four- 4 five-$ -6 seven-7 ight 8 nine -9 ten ~10 Il, The second group ‘eleven ~ Îl ‘welve- 12 irteen — 13 1 fourtee fineen- 15 sixteen = 16 seventeen = 17 cighteen ~ 18 nineteen —19 twenty-two — 22 thirty 30 forty 240 at fifty -$0 sixty ~60 seventy ~ 70 cighty ~ 80 ninety ~ 90 3 (one) hundred 100 a (one) thousand ~ 1000 2. Numerals ending with the “teen” suffix usually have two syllables stressed: Fines on AROTT MIT LIMBA ENGLEZĂ 2 fourteen’. In fuent speech one of the stresses could be weakened. 3. In order to form such numerals as 31, 65, 95 etc the number of dozens ( numărul zecilor) is said first, and then the number for single-digit number. then the number for hundreds, and then everythit My grandmother is sixty-five. ‘My salary is thirty-one thousand dollars. ‘My husband is thirty-one. 4. Complex numerals are formed as follows: first, the number for thousands is said, else, For example: 145,896 ~ one hundred forty five thousand eight hundred ninety Phone numbers in English are read by one digit (it) For example: 132-463-447 ~ one-three-two-four-sx-three-four-four-seven. 5. Ifthe fist or the last two digits are the same, then the word “double” is used în order not to repeat it twice. For example: 4439 – double four-three-nine (6799 — sixseven-double nine 1 Years are read two by two eg. _197S-nineteen seventy-five 1066-ten sixty-six However, 2000- two thousand 6. Arithmetic examples are read as follows: 2804370 ~ Twenty five plus forty ve is seventy. 16-4812 – Sixteen minus four is nwelve. 3×24 — Three multiplied by eight is twenty four. 40:95 ~ Forty divided by nine is five. e The clock is pre. (ora următoare) past 10.00: Ies ten o’clock. 10.05: I’s five past ten. 10.45: I’s a quarter to eleven 10.15: I’s a quarter past ten 10.50: I’s ten toeleven. 10330: I’s half past ten LIMBA ENGLEZĂ 6 Fractional Numeral ‘The use of simple fractions, decimals and mixed numbers with examples. 1. Common fractions in English are formed with the cardinal and ordinal numbers. ‘The cardinal number is used for the numerator, and ordinal ~ fr the denominator. For example: + 19—one ninth /S—one fifth 6—one sixth V/4—one (a) quarter V2~one (a) half Iisa quarter to nine. Tcame home at half past nwelve 2. Ifthe numerator is mote than 1, the denominator takes the plural form: For example: + 3/S—thre fifths + 4/7= four sevenths + 6/9~six ninths 3. Numbers more than I with fractions are read as follows: 5 2/7 five and two seventh 4. Decimal fractions are read as follows: ‘© 644 six point forty-four + 0.35—nought (zero) three five 5. Ifa fraction is followed by a noun, itis put in the singular form withthe “of” preposition ix For example: 4/5 meter~ four fith of a meter „My sister bough fou fith of meter of coton yesterday. 6.14 noun follows a mixed number, it For example: 45 3/6 tons — forty five and three sixth tons This country export frty five and three sixth tons of opium anmuly is put în the plural form. a wi z a 3 bs LIMBA ENGLEZĂ 25 Ordinal 1. Ordinal: The + numeral -sv-nd/-rd/th= a (al). -lea ‘The Ordinal Numerals in the English language could be di groups according to the word formation. 1. The first group = The first= primul ‘The second = al doilea ‘The third ‘The fourth ‘The fit ‘The sixth The seventh TL. The second group + The elevent + The twelfth = The thineenth ‘The fourteenth ‘The fifteenth «+ The sixteenth + The seventeenth + The eighteenth = The nineteenth al unsprezecelea/ a unsprezecea 1. The third group =. The twentieth + The twenty-first ‘The twenty-second + The thinieth + The fortieth + The fiftieth ‘+The sixtieth douăzeci și unulea e The date îs expressed in various ways, using the ordinal numeral: 22 Decembrie = 22″ of December (we read: the twenty-second of ‘December, 22″ 1 ianuarie = 1* of January (we read: the first of January) LIMBA ENGLEZĂ 7 THE VERB tense ae satel Use Signal Words si ‘Simple presat As Hepes. ston inthe present lays vero Ree PER Tor Qi Doe he speak? ‘aking pace once, an, seldom, în pline ses: She reads N: He does motidesn’ Sometimes, aly vy nip speak itelase ype Inco! Dorea (pt mă) se) Se 8-1 frm (Gra The sn esi be cast sala pill sg): Dees she read every nigh? pills): She doesn’t read ver) momning Cantina Sumare neo Amar ese ASEZ form ofthe vb. lier: Dido oem ofthe vo. Nop S*Did NOT Nb 1” more. ‘Contineous A, Seas wervb-ing ms WaslweresSevb ing s ing “ere pls. sila toate pescar a plural tnd sets lathe vea 1+ action taking place she momen now, în he moment of ight row speaking + tion taking place on for a mites period oftime + Sitio ranged for Weare one o eine: the fre ‘A: He spoke with you * action inthe past yesterday, (2 minutes) yesterday taking place once, | apoi 1990. he oer Q; Was he speaking? never orseveral dy. last Fic a: Did he sea ‘ayveckmoath year, . ieelaoe ype 7 N He lid speak talked.) aot taking place inthe mide of ‘ther stoe Ase was speaking, shen, wile, long as Ni He was ae speak Fotos taking place tte same ime actin inthe past at iterupea In artic aia | reading when my father entered the rom, “+ putting emphasis on {he result LIMBA ENGLEZĂ Schaveasp gs mate e Interne: Have bass S+3 form the, Nee SthavehaesNOT“3″ tomate vb. ss” Continous AE Sshaveras (pls een form ofthe inert Havehas* Sheen formar the. ‘SehavehassNOT-beens= ing. form ofthe i. Intro: bade form ofthe, Nee SthadsNOTss” ormofthe Continuous AIE Schad-been-ng form thew Intorog: hd S been îns orm of thew Neb. SthadsNOT> beens ing. form ofthe ve Eau Simole AISI form of the Interop. Wales” tor ofthe, Neg: SewilyNOT+ form the, Tobe going to fure 1: He has not spoken. We have been ends for ven yeas. He has jst entered the have never seen an le pant (far. bu there is the possibilty se one inthe fore) ‘A: He has been peaking former minutes (be hasn’t soppe) Has he bee speaking Ne He hasnt been spe ing? = He had already spoken {ohis mother when be ead a range oie (Vorbise ea. int sa ado un ‘zgumot iad) Habe spoken. N He ad ntspoken.. A: He hd ben speaking All day when be decided to ‘umn onthe TV set, Had be been speak- ing. ‘A: He wl speak. Wille Speak? LUN He il ot pe ‘A She is going o vrea ‘report onthe met. oes He’s going speak Nela going to ston tail sing on on tar stopped reset Snised action that as an atu: ecelconsequence cae present Sion ft as then Place cece, never oF fever mes before ‘Semoment of speaking puting emphasis on ‘be course oF dara tin (ot the es) ‘ton at eenty Sopped ris ‘pingca Fred action that influenced the pe scion taking pace tetoe cera time inthe pat Sometimes ine. angel wih pst petec progres: Dating emphasis aly on the fact (not ‘he duration) ‘tion taking place cfr seta ime inthe past crime mer. angele wih Past perfect simple ‘ting enphasis on {be duration or ‘nurse of an 2ton ‘son in the ure ‘Gat ean be nt eed Spontaneous deci ‘ssumpion with ‘regard the ture Intentions and capete ‘decal made fr ‘he ne ‘clusion with ARoTT sentences. sof, ‘om, uptoaow all iy, for years, since 1985 bow long? the whole Weeki the period oftime hast fished) ‘trendy, ja, never not a anca day irsetence ype (77 had hed”) for, since the whole dy, allay Ina year ext o yo ask hr, he wit Ielp you) ‘assumption: ink, probably, perhaps inne yea, next we MTT LIMBA ENGLEZĂ E) Continous Aft Semilebessing frm ofthe ve. Troe Will+SHbeing oem ofthe vi. NEI Sel NOT ber ing form ofthe vb. Rin Sealers fxm ofthe v. Inorg Wi form ofthe vb. Nee, SesileNOT-Aavess form ofthe v. stg Continous Sf sewillvtave been Stei ca form ofthe vb, Wills Schavesbeent-ng form ofthe vs. Soils NOTshavesbeent fom of he vb. speak QI ping to speak Acte willbe speaking Qi Wille be speaking? Ni He will ao be spake ing ‘A: He will ave spoken Wille bave spoken? Ne He will ao have spo en At He will have been Speaking Willi fave been speaking? al notte been speaking ‘Ai He would speak. N: He woald mo speak Woulhe speak? regard tothe fure tion that is going inthe fre ction thats sure to happen inthe eae fee tion that văl be fished a» cern tie in action taking place before a ceai ine inte fare puting emphasis on {he course of an 2c- ‘ion a might take ple sion tht might take pice ting emphasis on ecou dura: tion of the action ‘ton tht might have taken place n the past, scson that might have taken place in cpu pas emphasis ce ‘Be eourse/ dura tion of he ation none year, next eek, ‘by Monday ina week fr… e ast couple of our al da long „sentences ype Urmare you T would tai semene type Il (tha som ma ‘would have helped) LIMBA ENGLEZĂ 30 LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS wake awoke awaked/awaken=a(se) trezi givegavegiven-a da be,was!werebeen=a fi sgo,went,gone=a merge tear. bore,bome/bor=a pura, a căra; se nate rom grew grown=a crește orn/numai când are sensul de născut have had hada avea beat.bea.beatenma batea învinge hear heard heard=2 auzi tecome became become-a deveni i hiehieza lovi begin.began begun-a începe keep Keptkept=a tine betbetbetma paria know.knew,known=a st bite,bitbitten/bit-amusca team learnvlearnedleamVieamed=a învăța bleed, bed bled-a singera letJetJet=a lăsa permite închiria blow, Blew:blowna bate(vântul)a sufla lose los lose pierde bring brought brought=a aduce smakemade,made~a face buildbuilbuilta construi meetmetmetza în burn.burnt.burntza ardea fiige pay aid paid-a pli ‘buy:boughthought=a cumpăra putput.pur-a pune catch caught.caughtra prinde readead,readma ci choose chose chosen=a alege fingang.runga suna comecamecome=a veni Tunzan:run=a alerga cost costcost=a costa say said aid=a zicea spune creepscreptereptea se tri sellsoldsold-a vinde euteuteutra tia send.sentsentmatrimite ig.dug.dugma săpa show showed shown did done-a face shut shut sura închide drawdrewdrawn=a desena sing.sang.sunga cinta . The spider crawled slowly along the banister. ‘The following table contains rues for some of the most frequently used prepositions in English: 39 LIMBA ENGLEZĂ MTT LIMBA ENGLEZĂ 0 „yy 2100 91.87 BI” 210(9 Eastwood, John, Oxford Practice Grammar, Oxford University Press, 2008 Galăjeanu-Fârnoagă, Georgiana, Comigel, Ecaterina, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, editura Omegapress, Bucuresti, 1995 Iub.com/grammaripronouns-demonstrative.him Inup:/awww.egodu.conmven/eram-up/grammaritenses ‘hup:/swww.englishlanguageguide.convenglish/grammaripreposition asp Inupi/iwww.esidesk.com/grammariadverbs hap: www engl PRESENT SIMPLE OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS? Stop making nose! I (work). 1 2. Tm soy, you cant see hi now. Hele. 3, We can go now. It (not snow). „any more. 5, He (work) aa în a Shop, 6. How offen (she go). to the gym? 7. I’m exhausted, I (go) o bed right now. 8. She ison holiday this week. She (rave) toltaly. „a taxi in Birmingham. „a lt of housework, 9. He isa taxi driver. He (drive) 10. My fiend usually (do) 11. His sister usually (not do). 12. Lucy (not drink). 13. “What (you do). (ey). 14.1hate living in England. It often (an)…….. 1. She (not walk) to school today, She (use) her bike 16. His child rarely (ery). _ 17. he watch. Discovery regularly? 18, Today it (be) bot. That’s why we (wear) his. 19. Tom (Moti). vegetables although they (BE). healthy. 20, His cousin (not listen to muse ight now, he (60), Busy with is homework. 21. “What you (study)… “Oh, | (read). a magazine” 22. What time (he usually wake up) . 23. Where your grandparents (live) . – 24. Hurry up, please! Everybody (wait) „amor YOU NOW. 25. The manager always (stay) . m Hilton, but this time he (go) to the nearest resort 26. Normally he (finish… swork at 5 pm. but today he (work) seven et 6 pam, 27. Lucy (be) the pool this moment; she (learn) ao swim, 28. 1t (not rain) very much în autumn în 29.1 (take)… „me ten minutes to go o my dentist. How long (i take) 40 you? (ou be) ready?” “No, | just (ut) 30 oa bread” 31, Look! Jerry (swim). the 8. Fane verbele parame a resent Simple sua resent Cotu 11 (vot) stoping becuse a, ate ssl (rn cats bt eh rie din trgandotn can 54(00 he hat oy Stema pls gett (at under, Peace) ebook avea (ram) tages ream verge Steantanower he phone no ease (ot) 10How you usually (get) to work?! usually (go) by bus, but now I (take) a taxi because am late. „20 an owe avs ttn bth „4Steany ro) ks om mad neve a oon oem tee na 1. Iarna ninge. 2. Duminica el nu se scoală devreme, 3.Eu nu studiez seara. 4.Ce aci? Citesti sau privești la televizor? 5. Secretara tocmai bate la mașină un referat. 6. Ea merge la cumpărături sâmbata, 7.Acum îm fac temele la engleză. 8. Nu-mi place cafeaua. 9.Ce carte citesti? 10, La ce ora se scoală John dimineață? 11. Ce faci tu în zilelelibere? 12. Cuil telefonezi? 13. EI nu merge la școală cu metroul, merge pe jos. 14. De ce deschizi fereastra? 15, Adesea citesc cărți englezești. 16. Ea și face bagajul 17, Cat de des le scrii parinilor tăi? 18. Când merg la mare îmi place să înot mult 19, Clientul tocmai Își alege o pereche de pantofi. 20, De fiecare dată când merg la cinematograf, aispun. 21. Primarul tocmai pleacă de la primărie și se îndreaptă către șantier. Autostrada trebuie să fe gata în 2 săptămâni și muncitori sunt în urmă. ile mă bine 22. Primul Ministru este ambițios, cinstit și încăpățânat, dar este bine de știut căare foarte multă experiență in domeniu. Esti de acord? 23. Ce fel de persoană este soacra ta? 24, Nu vreau să mă plâng dar am o durere de cap teribil. 25, Din păcate, primul ministru nu este o persoană de încredere, ar primarul este erăbaător să plece în străinătate. 26, Peter nu se poartă niciodată rău cu bătrânii. EI este foarte politicos, 27. Maine am un examen important. Nu vreau să pic examenul și să izbucnesc în plâns în fata profesorului. Sunt foarte emoționat căci nu prea imi place să învăț discursuri pe de rost. 28, Domnul Ionescu este foarte iritabil e ipă a tine din orice motiv. 29, Când cale pe picior pe cel cu care dansez, mă simt rusinatd și mă inrosesc. Sunt atât de neindemânatică. Ar trebui să mă înscriu la niște cursuri de dans, Poate luna viitoare: Când voi avea mai mult timp liber. Cred că o să-mi iau si două zile libere, dacă șeful este de acord, bineințeles, Adjective suffixes EDEA Noun or verb + suffix nos or verb. suffix _| adjectives danger, | ous | dangerous, famous (= known by loss of people) music, politics, emotion, | al musical, politcal, emotional (= have or show economics, industry strong flings), economical (= saves you money), industrial (e connected with industry and factors) load, se, fog, dire | lady, sunny, fopay, dry (opp cl area, create sive | attractive (= prety good-looking); creative (= ail to produce new ideas; with imagination) ‘The roads were dangerous this morning: it was foggy and I couldn’t see faz He was very emotional when he said “goodbye. Did you buy a diesel car because it’s more economical chan petrol? m afraid you’ll have to clean the floor ~ its very diy. DB able This comaon suffix creates adjectives from nouns and verbe an enjoyable evening comfortable chair Jeans are stil fashionable. suitable (= righucorect fora situation), e, A grey suit i very suitable for 3 wedding. Sometimes -able means ‘can be do ‘washable = can be washed), eg În this jacket washable? reliable (= can be trusted), eg, Eve never had a problem with the car = ies very reliable. Words ending able quite often expres the opposite meaning with the prefix un unsuitable (= not rghlcoret fora situation) eg, Jeans are unsuitable for weddings, tunbeeakable (= cannot be broken) cg. The gla în the shop window i unbreakable, Wor ending sible sometimes add the pref in to form an opposite: incomprehensible (« cannot be understood) eg. This cet map is incomprehensible invisible (= cannot be seen), eg, Trees surround the house, so is invisible from the road. GRC ful and -less ful often means ‘ull of or ‘having the quality of the noun’: ‘careful (= doing sth with care and attention), eg careful river helpful (= able to help), e.g. Her advice was very help ving pain, eI vas painful when I hit my hand, useful ( has alot of we), eg. I found it a useful book. pena ‘houghtfl (= kind and thinks of others) ti les often means without: careless (= without care, and causing mistakes) eg, His work în full of careless mistakes. useless (= without use and often terrible) eg, This knife is useless — i won’t cut anything. homeless (= with nowhere to live, e4g Many families are homeless because of the wat, 1G Engh vocab în Ue (peintemedte & inemetae) a2 83 8.4 as Exercises oi an abe rads orl he an Cone ri pn [anger dagos 7 at Gon Manage 2 areract ame 8 thought 1 14 music iia ¢ 10 Bor is oe ln tone Pe ar ih stea om pie 3 The ours information office was very că and cold us everything we Peta mo Titan ry Ite ee cere e scr pon We’ve ates had peal ian TV nna en ee – Rigo gceteg regie Jo pre bă a Aeon to buy the ange 10 es erie ha there ares any Azan eCopt ina county tha is 50 ch. 11 Teenagers want to be „and wear all the Latest styles, 12 Icani understand a word ofthese insteucioas ~ they’re „Lemaee vs As LL [How many of these words can form opposites with the suffix les? 1 wonderful 2 wsefu) 3 awful 4 careful $ beautiful ‘What are the oppose of the other words (the Gai without les)? road, you know. There were three serious accidents on, 7 When I hic my leg against the corner of that table. Match adjectives from the lft with dhe most suitable nouns from the right, eacor bed pay 3 mistake “advice 3 area Vanity 3 morning From the adjectives on the opposite page, choose two or thre which cold describe cach ofthese people or things. (You can ae the same active more shan once) Wolfgang Amadeas Mazare. fires, ra, mal pi the wouter o eta D someone ding) LL, mega cad, Sosea i acar Keak yourself / mag ace Eng estuary în Une (pretomesate & mermetat 19 ear DONTEAT Doran voua You Dorea vovouear? vesel eas E/SHE/m DOESNITEAT Does she me EAT? weear WE DONT EAT oowecar? voutar you DONT EAT DOvoVEAT? ‘wereat ‘Tey DON’T Do TMEV EAT? Pay attention tothe 3 person singular (he/she)! 1. Jackis a tani diver He (drive) hundreds of klometers every day. Me ove i work When he (ceive) ne (lstenjto the radio. 2 Tomand om (ke) to read books. Rom ke historia novels, but Tom (prefer) science fiction. They never (gato the same movies ether, Rom Gsisthon love stories and she aay enjoy}ther, but her brother fing) them boring, 3 Sharon (study) medicine a ne university ask questions: 1. tike bananas, dont e oranges. 2 Wein Bucharest dont ne în Pest 3.veatthree times day. 4.1run 2 kilometres every day. 5.1 cook every day. 6-1 goto work by car. 2.1 read the newspaper every morning. 8. dance every Wednessay 9.1 sleep& hours per might 20.1 goto the dents every year. 1. You itento the radio every afternoon 12. watch fms every weekend 12. write e-mails every doy. 14. answer the phone every time you cll me Which job? Lexis: jobs 1 Work with a partner Match e characteristics with the abs. Add one more chartere necessary foreach. Characteristics 3) confident good-looking sli în adventurous energetic stron ©) cree, sensitive, atic 4) cheat sociable energetic 1) Sensible, est good 3 Mi 1) lpia hed- working Kind a snowboarder ‘model 2 tourist guide rap denigner 2 Work with a partner Student A ook at page 6 Student B ook a page 101 pa pa Aeading 1 aka partner Your ping 1 ads arie bon e mode nd | ‘owtarder Chute Dato, Which vara nd presi th box do ou ‘Soe wit modeng? Which do Yous with mortare? | ‘muscles sim feesing trong. Pare warm bags clothes, ‘Gash helmet designer dothes i 2. Read the arie and check your answer to emite gh om 72 Mate 5 met incon by Sonbowie! a mode § coste Oto has wo js. Hae yar she a ep mode in Eup, a the other hat nes» pofesnal nonoarde in arda Here e abs abot te pre thing wo er “Tove modeling and sawing he sit Rr ta be to nenea You rains d 3 incaboata, bt You ae e stmt bes mode When îm madi cr et anything fering St Inthe outta shen. să hee ON, ‘ates and chat. or the fas an ms You Boe {bbe ston, Somoangn sonete datos. ‘Sd gen ob Bt have be crf eee Tat tek og ad then sa o Pat ‘de be kines hy = FR Pate yu have fo we O vom bag dts na MOUN ran net Then | MOUNTAINS IIS a hve to wee satis dear cts Doe he wan to Be 9 senna mode ra Ore omoare Te ane he one to both bot hen {er much older e seas ‘ing ak snd ‘sing ces doy 3. Imagine you could do two jobs. Which two obs would you ike to do? Discuss your ‘ean witha parte vot ET 34 ‘Translate into English: . Stresul poate fi dunăto, în special dacă reaionez a el prin fue, epresi sau bel inc pahare de scotch la rând. Dar cum rămâne cu partea pozvă? n unele situați, stresul poate {igi benefic Putin sresne poate pregăti pentru face mal mute în vito, cescându-ne istena, Char și atunei când e extrem stresul poate avea unele efecte postive. ‘ist studi pe animale care arată de ce unele lucruri care a trebui să scadă nivelul de stres pot de fapt să cauzeze stres dacă sunt executate cu o atitudine nepotrivită Într-un stuc deveni lase, oameni de ștință au pus dl șobolani Într-o cușcă, ecare dintr e pe oroată care seinvirtea. Primul pute alerga pe roată când via, în vreme ce al dole ra egat de primul, ing fortat să alerge odată cu acesta, În creier primului șobolan au apărut celule noi Al dota șobolan, însă a pierdut elle: făcea un lucru care se presupunea că e benetie pentru creer shu, ar era ps de un facto crucial controlul. Pentru o vith sănătoasa este nevole si de muta odihna, Mal mut tori sun cain timpul somnului omul ii relaxează creeru, stochează informație importante ie sterge pe cele ‘mai putin semnificative n general un om trebuie s doarma intre 8 și 10 ore pe noapte. Cea ‘mai potrivta perioada pentrua dormi este 22-08, negljarea acestei perioade, sau depasirea orelr de semn poate ducea star ge oboseala, pierderea in greutate, claps fii. Feicrea este o calatorie, no destinatie. Aa ca muncest ca și cum n-ai avea nevole de bani iubește ca si cum nu lost nicodata ranit n dragoste, danseaza ca și cum rimeninu te arvesea Dalai Lama „Ce ma surprinde cel mai mult la umanitate? Omul. i sacificasanatatea pentru face bani. Apo scria anii pentru recupera sanatatea. Ap este att de nerabdator cu gandul vitor nat nu se bucura de prezent. Rezultatul este a nu traieste în prezent, ar nic în vitor. Traieste de parea n-ar mur nicodata si apoi moare fra sa i trait. The Impact of Television Television is, nowadays, one of the most popular forms of entertainment. Consequently, It influences us and our behaviour significantly. For many people, the main idea of ‘watching TV is to obtain information about what is happening in the world, Due to television, people know about the political and economic situation of their own and other countries. We keep in touch with all places on the globe thanks to the information ‘which is available on TV. We can also be sure that we will be the frst to know about some changes or important events. We learn about a special occasion, like a new exhibition or concert, only from TV. Besides, TV allows us to relax. It is an easy, cheap and comfortable means of relaxation. However television has both advantages and disadvantages and it is very difficult to decide what to watch and if to watch at all. Certainly, television is the main source of information. Daily people listen and watch a short news sequence that provides us with the necessary information and keeps informed during the day. Also, no doubt, television 1 the way to entertain oneself, for it offers a variety of possibilities to have fun sitting on your couch and relaxing, Another way to capture people’s minds on a live TV screen is advertisement. Commercials have become inseparable part of broadcasting and live coverage. Even favorite movies are interrupted by short ads. Though commercials are ‘what holds television together and there’s nobody who can prove this wrong. Besides there have to be some ways to show what lies on the shelves at supermarkets. When it comes to disadvantages one may prepare for a long story, but after all, despite these trifles we continue todo it,no matter what we are said It is harmful to stay in front of the TV for a long time. It spoils our eyes and health, doctors say. But the same thing happens when we read articles or interesting narrative essays for along time. Same story with the computer, nothing harms our sight this much, 4 for the information that we constantly see on TV, itis a miracle how one can watch it without getting crazy. Indeed, to watch three or more reality shows În a row it makes you at frst confused than frustrated and then constantly unsatisfied and angry. Its also same story with movies. It is almost impossible to find a movie without blood spilling around and angry man fighting for God knows what. Of course a nice narrative essay can be put aside when something similar comes up. Now movies are rated, but who pays attention to that little geometric figure in the corner of your screen? As soon as the movie is good, nobody cares to think about its influence on their children. Television makes people physically inactive. It is impossible to stand up and go for a walk when your favorite soap opera is coming up. You leave everything undone and rush to see what happens next and stay glued to the screen till it’s over. Then another are anatizr comes and you slowly but surely turn into a couch potato with health problems as in mental, as in physical field. What makes us glue ourselves to the TV screen and go to bed with a TV on? It’s quite time to break the habit and start reading something useful. for example, the article about harm and advantages of watching TV. Over the past decades, people have less and less time in their hands due to careers, divorces and the constant struggle for success. This unfortunately, is resulting in parents spending less time with their children. which is an important responsibility that no one or nothing can replace. President Clinton sai, “television… may be the third parent, but it canit be the first or the second” (Clinton). The focus on “parental responsibility (Clinton) is what is important and parents must ensure that their children are raised in a controlled and safe environment. The media has “more access… to children” (Clinton) than ever before, and it can develop certain bad habits, patterns and subconscious actions ifthe individual is too weak to fight its affect. Therefore, parents must spend more time with their children, otherwise, the old values will slowly slip away and new ones, established by television, will take ther place for good. ‘Television has incredible power. In a society where money signifies success and influence, television has taken its place among the most prosperous of businesses. ‘Television cannot be attacked because it can and has successfully stood up to all sorts of challenges. The solution of changing its role in society lies within man himself. ‘Television, despite many negative aspects, has much to offer. It is a great tool for learning, communication and for Information. Attacking television may deprive us of such benefits therefore this trend must be approached with “more conversation and less combat (Clinton, p.173), Instead of criticizing, we should look for alternatives that, în the long run, will benefit society. ust as televisions’ bad influence has settled in slowly în ‘our community, it can slowly be filtered out with time, patience and most importantly ‘with everyone’s cooperation. We, society, are responsible for making television a threat to traditional values and future generations. It is our duty, as a population, to work together to steer away from the tube to the values that will strengthen society. Step by step this can be done and the future will get brighter in the long run. ‘Television is a form of media that has great ability to influence and brainwash the opinions of the audience. The talking box in one’s living room has assumed the overpowering role it plays today as a result ofthe weakness of society. This may seem like a negative view but a society’s strength is based on the relationships between people and when so much time is spent away from others and together with the media, the actions that take place are often times a reflection of what television presents. The overwhelming influence of the media is a constant threat to the maintenance of traditional family values and to the protection of our children’s future.