27 February 2013 NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED NATO STANDARDIZATION AGENCY AGENCE OTAN DE NoRMALISATION NSA/0285(2013)-DPP/3149 See Distribution List:… [606876]

27 February 2013 NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
NATO STANDARDIZATION AGENCY
AGENCE OTAN DE NoRMALISATION
NSA/0285(2013)-DPP/3149
See Distribution List: AC/112(NFLWG)(EAPC)
STANAG 3149 (EDITION 10)-MINIMUM QUALITY SURVEILLANCE FOR FUELS
References:
a. NSA/0095-DPP/3149, dated 2 February 2006
b. NSA/0172(2012)DPP/3149, dated 9 February 2012
1. The enclosed NATO Standardization Agreement, which has been ratified by nations
as reflected in the NATO Standardization Document Database (NSDD), is promulgated
herewith.
2. The references listed above are to be destroyed in accordance with local document
destruction procedures.
ACTION BY NATIONAL STAFFS
3. National staffs are requested to examine their ratification of the STANAG and, if they
have not already done so, advise the Civil Co-Chairman, Petroleum Committee (AC/112) of
their intention regarding its ratification and implementation.
Dr. Cihangir AKSIT, TUR Civ
Director, NATO Standardization Agency
Enclosure:
STANAG 3149 (Edition 10)
©NATO/OTAN
NATO Standardization Agency- Agence OTAN de normalisation
B-111 0 Brussels, Belgium Internet site: http://nsa.nato.int
E-mail: [anonimizat]- Tel 32.2.707.5556- Fax 32.2.707.5718
NA TO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
(NATO)
NATO STANDARDIZATION AGENCY
(NSA) STANAG 3149
(Edition 1 0)
STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENT
(STANAG)
SUBJECT: MINIMUM QUALITY SURVEILLANCE FOR FUELS
Promulgated on 27 February 2013
Dr. Cihangir AKSIT, ~v
Director, NATO Standardization Agency
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

1
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
RECORD OF AMENDMENTS

No. Reference/date of Amendment Date Entered Signature

EXPLANATORY NOTES

AGREEMENT

1. This NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) is promulgated by the Director NATO Standardization Agency under th e authority vested in him by the NATO
Standardization Organisation Charter.

2. No departure may be made from the agreement without informing the tasking
authority in the form of a reservation. Nations may propose changes at any time to the tasking authority where they will be processed in the same manner as the original
agreement.
3. Ratifying nations have agreed that national orders, manuals and instructions
implementing this STANAG will include a reference to the STANAG number for
purposes of identification.

RATIFICATION, IMPLEMENTATION AND RESERVATIONS

4. Ratification, implementation and reservation details are available on request or
through the NSA websites (internet http://nsa.nato.int; NATO Secure WAN
http://nsa.hq.nato.int).
RESTRICTIONS TO REPRODUCTION

5. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used
commercially, adapted, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photo-copying, recording or othe rwise, without the prior permission of the
publisher. With the exception of commercial sales, this does not apply to member nations and Partnership for Peace countries, or NATO commands and bodies.

FEEDBACK

6. Any comments concerning this publication should be directed to NATO/NSA – Bvd Leopold III – 1110 Brussels – BEL.

ii

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

1
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
NATO STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENT
(STANAG)
MINIMUM QUALITY SURVEILLANCE FOR FUELS

Annexes:

A. Minimum Common Requirements.
B. Roles and Responsibilities.
C. Minimum Testing Requirements. D. Sampling. E. Quality Assurance Flow Charts.
F. Quality Assurance in Compromised Circumstances.
G. Specific Requirements for Drum Stocks.
H. Cleanliness.
I. Filtration.
J. Testing Laboratories and Testing Capabilities
K. Glossary.

Related Documents:

STANAG 1110 DPP – ALLOWABLE DETERIORATION LIMITS FOR NATO ARMED
FORCES FUELS, LUBRICANTS AND ASSOCIATED
PRODUCTS

STANAG 1135 DPP- INTERCHANGEABILITY OF FUELS, LUBRICANTS AND
ASSOCIATED PRODUCTS USED BY THE ARMED FORCES
OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY NATIONS

STANAG 1385 DPP- GUIDE SPECIFICATION (MINIMUM QUALITY STANDARDS)
FOR NAVAL DISTILLATE FUELS (F-75 AND F-76)
STANAG 3390 DPP- GUIDE SPECIFICATION AND INSPECTION STANDARDS FOR
FUEL SOLUBLE CORROSION LUBRICITY IMPROVERS (S-
1747)

STANAG 3583 DPP- STANDARDS OF ACCURACY FOR DIFFERENTIAL
PRESSURE GAUGES FOR AVIATION FUEL FILTERS AND FILTER SEPARATOR VESSELS
STANAG 3609 DPP- STANDARDS FOR MAINTENANCE OF FIXED AVIATION FUEL
RECEIPT, STORAGE AND DISPENSING SYSTEMS

STANAG 3747 DPP- GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS (MINIMUM QUALITY STANDARDS)
FOR AVIATION TURBINE FULES (F-34, F-35, F-40 AND F-44)

STANAG 3784 DPP- TECHNICAL GUIDANCE FOR THE DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION OF AVIATION AND GROUND FUEL
INSTALLATIONS ON NATO AIRFIELDS
STANAG 3967 DPP- DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR
AVIATION FUEL FILTER SEPARATOR VESSELS AND
COALESCER AND SEPARATOR ELEMENTS

STANAG 4362 DPP- FUELS FOR FU TURE GROUND EQUIPMENTS USING
COMPRESSION IGNITION OR TURBINE ENGINES

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

2
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
STANAG 4616 DPP- CAPABILITIES OF NATIONAL/MILITARY LABORATORIES OF
NATO AND PARTNER NATIONS

STANAG 7029 DPP- CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRCRAFT REFUELLING HOSES
AND COUPLINGS

STANAG 7036 DPP – FUELS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO AND DELIVERED BY THE
NATO PIPELINE SYSTEM (NPS)
STANAG 7063 DPP – METHODS OF DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF FUELS
CONTAMINATED BY MICRO-ORGANISMS

STANAG 7090 DPP- GUIDE SPECIFICATION FOR NATO GROUND FUELS

AFLP-6 – PROCEDURES FOR THE TREATMENT OF FUELS
CONTAMINATED BY MICRO-ORGANISMS

AFLP-8 – CAPABILITIES OF NATIONAL/MILITARY LABORATORIES OF
NATO AND PARTNER NATIONS
API 2003 PROTECTION AGAINST IGNITIONS ARISING OUT OF
STATIC, LIGHTNING, AND STRAY CURRENTS, SEVENTH
EDITION

EI 1581 SPECIFICATIONS AND QUALIFICATION PROCEDURES FOR
AVIATION JET FUEL FILTER/SEPARATORS

EI 1583 LABORATORY TESTS AND MINIMUM PERFORMANCE
LEVELS FOR AVIATION FUEL FILTER MONITORS
EI 1550 HANDBOOK ON EQUIPMENT USED FOR THE
MAINTENANCE AND DELIVERY OF CLEAN AVIATION FUEL

HM 50 GUIDELINES FOR THE CLEANING OF TANKS AND LINES
FOR MARINE TANK VESSELS CARRYING PETROLEUM AND
REFINED PRODUCTS EI HM 50
ISGOTT INTERNATIONAL SAFETY GUIDE FOR OIL TANKERS AND
TERMINALS

AIM

1. The aim of this agreement is to set out the minimum quality surveillance measures for
fuels used by NATO Armed Forces in peace, crisis and conflict.

AGREEMENT

2. Participating nations agree to the procedures in Annexes A to K.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AGREEMENT

3. This STANAG is implemented when a nation has issued necessary orders/instructions
to the forces concerned, putting the procedures detailed herein into effect.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX A TO
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

A-1
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFED

MINIMUM COMMON REQUIREMENTS

CONTENTS

GENERAL PARAGRAPH No

Training of Personnel 1
Specifications 2
Qualification Testing 3
Procurement of Source Inspection 4
Conditions of Use of NATO Markings 5-6 Packaging, Marking and Identification 7
Single Fuel Policy 8
STANAG Structure 9-18

MINIMUM COMMON REQUIREMENTS

GENERAL

1. Training of Personnel . All personnel required for the handling of petroleum products
are to be suitably trained to ensure that they are fully competent to perform their
duties.
2. Specifications
. The national specifications given at Annex C to STANAG 1135 set
out the quality requirements of any product upon procurement.

3. Qualification Testing . Before a nation accepts any product on which qualification
testing is required it is necessary for that nation to ensure that the qualification tests are performed, officially or under official supervision. In the case of imported
products, each nation is to ensure that the product has received qualification (see
paragraph 4). The general characteristics obtained during qualification shall be
available, on request, for subsequent identification of the product so that results
obtained during quality control may be compared with them.
4. Procurement or Source Inspection
. An officially designated laboratory capable of
carrying out full specification testing of petroleum products by the approved
methods, is to be located in, or available to, each NATO nation. Products shall not
be accepted unless approved by the cognisant national inspecting authority in
accordance with that nations regulations (AQAP 2131 will aid in this process).
Further details on testing laboratories and capabilities can be found at Annex J.
Contractors supplying petroleum products shall, as a minimum requirement, meet
ISO 9001 or AQAP 2120. Nations having contracts for petroleum products outside
their own country, will be responsible for the provision of adequate procurement
inspection, either by themselves or by a cross-servicing agreement with the national
inspecting authority of the country in which the procurement is made.

5. Conditions of Use of NATO Markings . The use, within any NATO nation, of the
NATO marking system for identification of petroleum products, is to be conditional,
not only upon observance of STANAG 1135 for the products themselves, but also

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX A TO
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

A-2
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFED
upon the full application by that nation of the minimum quality surveillance measures
in this STANAG.

6. If a fuel becomes off-specification with respect to the NATO allowable deterioration
limits given in STANAG 1110 before use, a line of colour contrasting with the NATO
Marking and the background colour of the container, is to be drawn diagonally
across and beyond the rectangle enclosing the NATO code number. The thickness
of the line will be such that it is clearly visible and the NATO marking easily read.
The NATO marking is then to be considered cancelled and the product may if
desired, be considered as an emergency substitute for the original product and thus
may only be used under technical advice.

7. Packaging, Marking and Identification
. Distribution of fuels shall be made only from
batches that have passed the necessary inspection tests (see Annex C and E). All
bulk and packaged products that are not in reusable containers (e.g. Jerricans etc)
shall be identifiable and records are to be available enabling the origin, location and
history of fuels to be traced at any time. Details of the minimum marking
requirements for packaged petroleum products are given in Annex G, paragraphs 6-
9.

SINGLE FUEL POLICY
8. The single fuel policy requires that F-34 fuel is available for NATO operations. The
supply and distribution of F-34 shall be to aviation fuel quality standards up to the
point of consumption. Aviation fuel quality procedures specified throughout this
STANAG shall apply to field and out-of-area deployments, where applicable. When
additional performance additives, for exampl e, S-1750, are added for use by ground
systems, the fuel shall no longer be designated as F-34 and is therefore prohibited for aircraft use. This fuel shall be designated F-63.

STANAG STRUCTURE

9. The purpose of this STANAG is to provide a set of agreed guidelines, to be used as
a minimum by participating nations in the handling and quality assurance of bulk and packed fuels. The STANAG itself is br oken down into inform ative annexes that
will aid in this process. Annexes B – F are of a procedural nature where as annexes
G-K provide supporting information.

10. Operations are currently often multinational operations resulting in a sometimes
complex Fuel Supply Chain. It is necessary to make Roles and Responsibilities
clear during Bulk Fuel Supply activities. Annex B describes where the roles of
Military Authority and Technical Fuel Expert in the Fuel Supply Chain are
designated.

11. Annex C gives an explanation on the different test regimes, from extensive testing at
the source of the product to limited testing further in the Fuel Supply Chain. Annex C
also contains a number of tables with chemical and physical parameters to be
tested for all types of NATO-coded fuels under several regimes.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX A TO
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

A-3
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFED
12. Proper sampling is a prerequisite for whatsoever analysis is to be conducted.
Details on the correct sampling of bulk fuels are described in Annex D.
13. The procedures for Quality Control in the Fuel Supply Chain are described in Annex
E of this STANAG. Annex E contains a number of flowcharts for different situations
in the Fuel Supply Chain for Aviation, Ground and Marine fuels. In these flowcharts
the quality control measures can be found which have to be taken for the described
situation.

14. Operations and exercises can occur under non-ideal, so called compromised
circumstances, in which the standard quality control procedure can not be fully met.
Annex F gives guidelines how to operate under such circumstances.

15. Although Bulk Fuels are the main part of the Fuel Supply Chain there are fuels
supplied in Packed Containers. Fuels in Packed Containers require a different
approach with respect to handling and sampling. This is described in Annex G.

16. As cleanliness is essential in the Fuel Supply Chain, it is described in Annex H and
outlines precautions that have to be taken in cases of change of grade in
whatsoever part of the Fuel Supply Chain. Cleanliness is also achieved by proper
filtration procedures. These are described in Annex I.

17. Also for laboratories there are a number of requirements. These are in general
described in Annex J. However, refer also to STANAG 4605, Appendix 14/module 4 “deployable quality assurance equipment”.

18. Annex K gives supporting information with respect to definitions and terminology
applicable to and essential for the Fuel Su pply Chain both civilian and Military.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX A TO
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

A-4
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFED

Annex
Title Explanation
B Roles and
Responsibilities

Operations are currently often multinational resulting in
a sometimes complex Fuel Supply Chain. It is therefore
necessary to ensure that Roles and Responsibilities
are clearly defined.
C Minimum Testing
Requirements Provides an explanation on the different test regimes
that shall be applied at various stages throughout the
Fuel supply Chain.
This Annex also contains a number of tables with
chemical and physical parameters to be tested for all
types of NATO-coded fuels in the several test regimes.
D Sampling Provides guidance on how to sample correctly.
Analysis of any sample is fully dependent on the way in
which it has been sampled. Correct sampling can help
prevent delays in releasing fuel for use rather than
having to repeat the process to perform confirmationary
testing.
E Quality Control in
Routine Circumstances,
Including Flowcharts for
Aviation Fuels, Ground
Fuels and Marine Fuels The procedures for Quality Control in the Fuel Supply
Chain are described in Annex E of this STANAG.
Annex E contains a number of flowcharts for different
situations in the Fuel Supply Chain for Aviation, Ground
and Marine fuels.
F Quality Control
Procedures in
Compromised
Circumstances Operations and exercises can and do occur under non-
ideal conditions. These so called compromised
circumstances, in which it is not possible to apply
standard quality control procedures are dealt with here.
G Handling and Sampling
of Fuels in Packed
Containers In addition to bulk fuel supplies the Fuel Supply Chain
may be supplemented through the use fuels supplied in
containers such as drums and or Jerrican’s. When
supplied in such containers a slightly different approach
is required in assuring that quality is maintained.
H Cleanliness
Requirements Cleanliness is essential throughout the Fuel Supply
Chain. Failure to meet the requirements in this annex
may have a serious impact on fuel quality.
I Filtration An important feature in maintaining fuel cleanliness is
that of correct filtration which is described here.
J Testing Laboratories
and Testing Capability General requirements for a laboratory are described in
conjunction with STANAG 4616. In addition also refer
to STANAG 4605, Appendix 14/module 4 “deployable
quality assurance equipment”.
K Glossary Provides supporting information with respect to
definitions and terminology applicable to and essential for the Fuel Supply Chain both civilian and Military.

Table A-1

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX B to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

B-1
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

1. With the exception of Compromised Circumstances (see Annex F) all NATO Fuel
Supply Chain (FSC) must provide fuel to the end user that has been subject to the
minimum acceptable quality surveillance procedures detailed in this document. This
fundamental principle applies equally to daily fuelling activities at the home base or
during expeditionary operations and exercises. It is essential the end user understands the characteristics/ properties and quality of the fuel being delivered in
order to assess the impact of any potential adverse effect on equipment.

2. For home based activities, it is a national responsibility to ensure that fuel supply to
its own forces is meeting minimum national quality standards. Fuel supply to forces
of other NATO nations must comply with the minimum NATO quality standards as
outlined in this document.

3. The quality aspects of the FSC supporting NATO operations and exercises are the
responsibility of the NATO Command responsible for the operation/exercise. To that
extent, the NATO Command w ill have to rely on Technical Fuel Expert (TFE) from
participating nations or other NATO bodies. Therefore, proper consideration will be
given to it during the Logistics Operational Planning Process and when establishing
a Fuels Supply Plan.

4. In case multi-national solutions (i.e. Logistics Role Specialist Nation or NATO BOA
(Basic Ordering Agreement) Contract) for fuel supply in support of NATO
operations/exercises, th e appropriate TFE would be provided by one of the
participating nations.
5. When transferring authority of the FSC to commercial contractor support or Troop
Contributing Nations, appropriate consider ation will be given to TFE availability.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX C to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)
C-1
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

MINIMUM TESTING REQUIREMENTS (INCLUDING FUELS HANDLED IN THE NATO
PIPELINE SYSTEMS)

General
1. The type of test which has to be performed as a minimum at a specific point within the
Fuel Supply Chain (FSC) is described in Annex E

2. The tests and their significances are described in Table C-1
3. The test methods for the various tests to be performed are prescribed in the relevant
specifications and/or STANAGS .

3.1. For tests performed in case of fuel transfers, STANAG 7036, Fuels to be
introduced into and delivered by the NATO pipeline systems, also applies.
3.2. For the B-2 tests that are performed for the check of deterioration during storage,
test result limits are given in STANAG 1110, Allowable deterioration limits for
NATO armed forces fuels, lubricants and associated products.
3.3. In cases where there are no limits given in STANAG 1110 or STANAG 7036, the
limits in the product specifications apply.

4. Visual test. The visual test is a check of the fuels appearance: check fuel by visual
means on clarity, solid matter and undissolved water at ambient temperature. The sample has to be evaluated in a clean and clear transparent bottle.
5. C-test. Table C-3 prescribes which tests ar e to be performed to fulfil the requirement for
fuel testing at the type C-level.

6. C+-tests. C+-tests are designed to augment the type C-level test by providing an
additional level of confidence in the basic level checks and are prescribed in Table C-4.
7. Type A, B-1 and B-2 tests. For the different types of fuel the analysis required to be
performed at each level is prescribed in the following tables;

7.1. Table C-5 – Aviation gasoline F-18 7.2. Table C-6 – Aviation turbine kerosene’s F-34, F-35, F-37, F-40, F-44
7.3. Table C-7 – Ground diesel fuel F-54 and heating kerosene F-58
7.4. Table C-8 – Automotive gasoline F-67 7.5. Table C-9 – Naval distillate fuels F-75, F-76

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX C to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)
C-2
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

Test Types

Type
Description
A Complete specification test as per specification detailed in the
contract.
B-1 A limited subset of the Type A full test specification requirement that
are most susceptible to deterioration through contamination with other product types.
B-2 A more rigorous subset of the Type A full test specification
requirement than the Type B-1 test schedule and in particular aimed at those parameters susceptible to deterioration through contamination and ageing.
Visual This visual evaluation is to conf irm that no free water and/or visual
solid particulate are present in the fuel and that the fuel has a ‘Clear
& Bright’ appearance at ambient temperature.
C A limited number of tests performed to identify and compare
product properties to ensure that no major changes have taken
place during the fuel transfer process by any means of transport.
C+ (C-plus) C-test plus additional tests. These tests are to be performed to
ensure that critical properties are fulfille d and/or additives are
present at the correct concentration.

Table C-1

NATO/EAPC UNC LASSIFIED
ANNEX C to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)
C-3
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Visual test on fuels

Fuel Aviation
Gasoline Aviation
Kerosine Aviation
Kerosine Aviation
Kerosine Aviation
Kerosine Ground
Use
Diesel Kerosine Kerosine
Based
Diesel
Fuel Ground
Use
Gasoline Naval
Distillate
Fuel Naval
Distillate
Fuel
Test F-18 F-34 F-35 F-40 F-44 F-54 F-58 F-63 F-67 F-75 F-76
Clear & Bright Note 1 x x x x x x x x x x x
Undissolved water x x x x x x x x x x x
Sediment x x x x x x x x x x x
Visual Colour report report report report report report report report report report report
Note 1. Requirement for all fuels: Clear, bright and visually free from undissolved water and solid matter at ambient temperatu re

Table C-2
C-tests on fuels

Fuel Aviation
Gasoline Aviation
Kerosine Aviation
Kerosine Aviation
Kerosine Aviation
Kerosine Ground
Use
Diesel Kerosine Kerosine
Based
Diesel
Fuel Ground
Use
Gasoline Naval
Distillate
Fuel Naval
Distillate
Fuel
Test F-18 F-34 F-35 F-40 F-44 F-54 F-58 F-63 F-67 F-75 F-76
Clear & Bright Note 1. x x x x x x x x x x x
Undissolved water x x x x x x x x x x x
Sediment x x x x x x x x x x x
Visual Colour report report report report report report report report report report report
density at 15°C x x x x x x x x x x X
Note 1. Requirement for all fuels: Clear, bright and visually free from undissolved water and solid matter at ambient temperatu re
Table C-3

NATO/EAPC UNC LASSIFIED
ANNEX C to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)
C-4
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
C+-tests on fuels

Fuel Aviation
Gasoline Aviation
Kerosine Aviation
Kerosine Aviation
Kerosine Aviation
Kerosine Ground
Use
Diesel Kerosine Kerosine
Based
Diesel
Fuel Ground
Use
Gasoline Naval
Distillate
Fuel Naval
Distillate
Fuel
Test F-18 F-34 F-35 F-40 F-44 F-54 F-58 F-63 F-67 F-75 F-76
Clear & Bright Note 1 x x x x x x x x x x x
Undissolved water x x x x x x x x x x x
Sediment x x x x x x x x x x x
Visual Colour report report report report report report report report report report report
density at 15°C x x x x x x x x x x x
Fuel System Icing
Inhibitor x Note 2 x Note 2 x Note 2
Conductivity x Note 2 x Note 2 x Note 2
Flash point x x X
Note 1. Requirement for all fuels: Clear, bright and visually free from undissolved water and solid matter at ambient temperatu re.
Note 2. In cases of fuel delivery by truck to a single tank (bladder) BFI: all parameters to be tested prior to off load. In c ases of fuel delivery by truck to a
multi-tank (multi-bladder) BFI where the possibility exists for correcting failing parameters by combining fuel batches and/or correcting additive levels:
parameters to be checked once tank (bladder) is full after discharge of several batches (truckloads) of fuel as part of a B1-te st.

Table C-4

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX C to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

C-5
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
A, B-1 and B-2 tests for aviation gasoline F-18 (AVGAS 100 LL)

Test type
A Note 1 B-1 B-2
Test
Appearance Note 2 x x x
Colour, visual x x x
Colour, Lovibond x
Density x x x
Distillation x x x
Freeze Point x x x
Vapour Pressure x x x
Water Reaction x x x
Tetra Ethyl Lead x x x
Knock Value, Lean Mixture x
Knock Value, Performance number x
Oxidation Stability x x
Copper Strip Corrosion x x
Existent Gum x x
Total Sulfur x
Specific Energy x
Conductivity x Note 3
Bottom Water and Microbiological
contamination x Note 4
Test Frequency B-2 tests
(in months)
12 months in
fixed storage
media 6 months
in deployable
storage media
Note 5
Note 1. With reference to the specification and related test methods as agreed in the contract.
Otherwise the parameters identified under A, shall be met as a guideline with reference to
DEFSTAN 91-90 (latest issue) grade AVGAS 100LL.
Note 2. A visual assessment for Clear & Bright, solid matter and undissolved water is to be made
at ambient temperature.
Note 3. In cases where a Static Dissipator Additive has been added to the fuel, this parameter is to be tested.
Note 4. Routine water drains are to be performed in accordance with standard operating
procedures for the infrastructure. When draining free water, visual checks for the presence of
MBC shall also be made in accordance with STANAG 7063. If MBC is suspected, appropriate
shall be taken and sent for analysis.
Note 5. In case of storage in a humid and warm climate, the inspection interval is to be reduced to
3 months irrespective of stora ge media.

Table C-5

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX C to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

C-6
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
A, B-1 and B-2 tests for aviation kerosine F-34, F-35, F-37 Note 1, F-40, F-44

Test Type
A Note 2 B-1 B-2
Test
Appearance Note 3 x x x
Colour, visual – x x
Density x x x
Copper Strip Corrosion x x x
Distillation x x x
Existent Gum x x x
Freeze Point x x x
Water Reaction Interface Rating x x x
Lubricity/BOCLE x Note 4
Thermal Stability x – x
Vapour Pressure x
only for F-40 x
only for F-40 x
only for F-40
Conductivity x
not for F-44 x
not for F-44 x
not for F-44
Flashpoint x
not for F-40 x
not for F-40 x
not for F-40
Fuel System Icing Inhibitor Note 5 x
not for F-35 x
not for F-35 x
not for F-35
Additives (anti-oxidant, metal
deactivator, static dissipator additive) Report Note 6 – –
Lead – x Note 7x Note 7
Total Acid Number x – –
Aromatics x – –
Olefins
For F-40 and for
F-44. Not for
F-34/F-35 – –
Mercaptan Sulphur or Doctor Test x – –
Sulphur, Total x – –
Viscosity at -20°C x – –
Heating Value Net Heat of Combustion x – –
Smoke Point or
Smoke Point & Naphthalenes x – –
Microseparometer (MSEP) x – –
Bottom Water and Microbiological
contamination x Note 8
Test Frequency for B-2 testing
(in months) 12 months in
fixed storage
media 6 months
in deployable
storage media
Note 9
Table C-6 (Concluded on page C-7)

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX C to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

C-7
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

Note 1. F-37 is blended at point of issue from F-34 and a Thermal Stability Additive (+100).
Generally F-37 is not kept in stock. F-37 shall be tested in agreement with the requirements for F-
34.
Note 2. With reference to the specification and related test methods as agreed in the contract.
Otherwise the parameters identified under A, shall be met as a guideline with reference to STANAG 3747.
Note 3. A visual assessment of the Appearance in relation to Clear & Bright, solid matter and
undissolved water is to be made at ambient temperature.
Note 4. Lubricity (BOCLE test): to be reported on CoA by the supplier in the following case;
-consists of more than 95% v/v hydro-processed material of which at least 20% v/v has been
severely hydro-processed material (subjected to a hydrogen partial pressure of greater than 7000
kPa (70 bar or 1015 psi) during manufacture).
-if there are concerns over the fuels lubricit y.
Note 5. FSII is to be checked on delivery and after 1 month if no further deliveries have been
made to the storage tank.
Note 6. The dosage and trade name of all additives added to the fuel shall be reported, whether
on initial manufacture or subsequently whilst moving through the supply chain.
Note 7. Dependent on previous loads carried. If the previous load is F-18 or other leaded gasoline
then this is considered as cause for concern and a Lead value shall be determined before use.
Note 8. Routine water drains are to be performed in accordance with standard operating
procedures for the infrastructure. When draining free water, visual checks for the presence of
MBC shall also be made in accordance with STANAG 7063. If MBC is suspected, appropriate samples shall be taken and sent for analysis.
Note 9. In case of storage in a humid and warm climate, the inspection interval is to be reduced to
3 months irrespective of storage media.

Table C-6 (Concluded)

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX C to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

C-8
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
A, B-1 and B-2 tests for ground diesel fuel F-54 and kerosine F-58
Test Type
A Note 1 B-1 B-2
Test
Appearance Note 2 x x x
Density x x x
Distillation x x Note 3
for F-58 only x
Carbon Residue (on 10% distillation
residue) x x x
Cold Filter Plugging Point x x x
Bottom Water and Microbiological
contamination x Note 4

Cloud Point x
Flash Point x x X
Viscosity at 40°C x
Copper Strip Corrosion x
Sulfur content x
Ash Content x
for F-54 only
Oxidation Stability x
for F-54 only
Water Content x
for F-54 only x x
Total Contamination x
for F-54 only
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons x
for F-54 onl y
Cetane Number x
for F-54 only
Cetane Index x
for F-54 only
Lubricity (corrected wear scar
diameter) x
for F-54 only
Corrosion inhibitor X
for F-54 only
Note 5
FAME X
for F-54 only
Note 6
Composition x
for F-58 only
Colour Saybolt x
for F-58 only
Colour Stability x
for F-58 only
Smoke Point x
for F-58 only
Table C-7 (Concluded on page C-9)

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX C to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

C-9
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Test Type
A Note 1 B-1 B-2 Test
Freeze Point x
for F-58 only
Burning Quality x
for F-58 only
TEST FREQUENCY for B-2 testing,
the tests other than the check for
microbiological contamination 12 months in
fixed storage
media 6 months
in deployable
storage media
note 7
Note 1. With reference to the specification and related test methods as agreed in the contract. Otherwise the parameters identified under A, shall be met as a guideline with
reference to STANAG 7090.
Note 2. A visual assessment of the Appearance in relation to Clear & Bright, solid matter
and undissolved water is to be made at ambient temperature.
Note 3. Only when a change in Colour and/or Density occurs after procurement.
Note 4. Diesel fuel, especially those containing a proportion of bio material (FAME) is
susceptible to MBC. Checks for the indication of MBC (See STANAG 7063) shall be part of
the routine draining procedures. In case of doubt perform the appropriate test to confirm the
presence of MBC. It is strongly advised that in cases where effective draining of storage
facilities is difficult, monthly checks on the presence of MBC have to be performed using the appropriate testing method.
Note 5. As required by the procuring agency, if corrosion inhibitor is used: only approved
additives are allowed.
Note 6. F-54 with FAME, is not suitable for long-term storage. The percentage of FAME
allowed in F-54 shall not exceed the limit stated in STANAG 7090.
Note 7. In case of storage in a humid and warm climate, the inspection interval is to be
reduced to 3 months irrespective of storage media.

Table C-7 (Concluded)

In cases where ground fuels are used for aviation purposes (i.e. UAVs), the ground fuel is to be supplied via an independent supply chain. In this independent supply chain, the fuel shall be treated as if it were aviation kerosine/gasoline.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX C to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

C-10
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
A, B-1 and B-2 tests for automotive gasoline F-67

Test Type
A Note 1 B-1 B-2
Test
AppearanceNote 2 x x x
Density x x x
Distillation x x x
Vapour Pressure x x x
Copper Strip Corrosion x x x
Existent Gum x x x
Oxidation Stabilit y x x x
Bottom Water and Microbiological
contamination x Note 3
RON x
Aromatics content x
Benzene content x
Lead x
MON x
Olefins content x
Oxygen content x
Oxygenates content x
Sulfur x
Vapour Lock Index x Note 4
TEST FREQUENCY for B-2 testing,
the tests other than the check for
microbiological contamination 12 months in
fixed storage
media 6 months
in deployable
storage media
Note 5
Note 1. With reference to the specification and related test methods as agreed in the
contract. Otherwise the parameters identified under A, shall be met as a guideline with
reference to STANAG 7090.
Note 2. A visual assessment of the Appearance in relation to Clear & Bright, solid matter
and undissolved water is to be made at ambient temperature.
Note 3. Routine water drains are to be performed in accordance with standard operating procedures for the infrastructure. When draining free water, visual checks for the presence
of MBC shall also be made in accordance with STANAG 7063. If MBC is suspected,
appropriate shall be taken and sent for anal
ysis.
Note 4. For certain seasonal classes only.
Note 5. In case of storage in a humid and warm climate, the inspection interval is to be
reduced to 3 months irrespective of storage media.

Table C-8
In cases where ground fuels are used for aviation purposes (i.e. UAV’s), the ground fuel is to be supplied via an independent supply chain. In this independent supply chain, the fuel shall be
treated as if it were aviation kerosine/gasoline.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX C to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

C-11
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
A, B-1 and B-2 tests for naval distillate fuels F-75 and F-76
Test Type
A Note 1 B-1 B-2
Test
AppearanceNote 2 x x x
Colour, visual x x x
Density x x x
Flash Point x x x
Distillation x xNote 3 x
Carbon Residue x Note 3
Cloud Point x x
Bottom Sediment and Water x
Water Separation x x
Water Reaction x x
Bottom Water and Microbiological
contamination x Note 4
Ash content x
Copper Corrosion x
Pour Point x
Ignition Quality:
Cetane Number or Cetane Index x
Suphur content x
Viscosity, kinematic at 40°C x
Total Acid Number x
Strong Acid/Base Number
or Inorganic Acidity
OR Neutrality x
Water and Sediment by centrifuge x
Accelerated Storag e Stability, total
sediment x
Demulsibility x
TEST FREQUENCY for B-2 testing,
the tests other than the check for
microbiological contamination 12 months in
fixed storage
media 6 months
in deployable
storage media
Note 5
Note 1. With reference to the specification and related test methods as agreed in the contract.
Otherwise the parameters identified under A, shall be met as a guideline with reference to
STANAG 1385.
Note 2. A visual assessment of the Appearance in relation to Clear & Bright, solid matter and
undissolved water is to be made at ambient temperature.
Note 3. Only when a change in Colour and/or Density occurs after procurement.
Note 4. Routine water drains are to be performed in accordance with standard operating
procedures for the infrastructure. When draining free water, visual checks for the presence of
MBC shall also be made in accordance with STANAG 7063. If MBC is suspected, appropriate
samples shall be taken and sent for analysis.
Note 5. In case of storage in a humid and warm climate, the inspection interval is to be
reduced to 3 months irrespective of storage media.
Table C-9

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX D to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

D-1
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
SAMPLING

General

1. Sampling can be carried out at various times and for various reasons, such as:

1.1.Upon receipt: to ensure that product is on specification
1.2.During storage for custody transfer and pricing determination, or

1.3.During storage and handling to monitor fuel quality and condition.

2. Many precautions are required to ensur e representative samples are taken dependent on
the type of product being sampled, the type of container from which it is drawn, and the
sampling procedures employed. Procedures and sample size must be suitable for sampling
the specific product under the particular storage, transportation and container conditions
encountered.
3. The single most important aspect when sa mpling fuel is to follow proper sampling
procedures. Failure to provide a truly representative sample can lead to inaccurate analysis
resulting in the reporting of both false positive (a pass when in fact the fuel fails) and false
negative (a failure when in fact the fuel passes) results and thus placing risk on the end
user. This can be in the use of fuel that is not suitable for use or the need to expend
resources investigating a problem that does not exist.

Personnel conducting sampling

4. Only fully trained and experienced personnel sha ll be assigned to sample fuel products. It is
critical that a truly representative sample of the product under investigation be obtained
since improperly taken samples can completely invalidate a test.

Proper Identification and Logging of Samples

5. Immediately after sampling, each sample container shall be identified by securely attaching
a Sample Identification Tag. Information on the tag shall include pertinent information to
understand both the context in which the sample was taken and where it was taken from for
each submission. For turbine fuel, where t he electrical conductivity has been previously
determined, the fuel temperature at point and time of testing shall be reported.

6. A log of samples shall be maintained and kept for a minimum of 12 months that contain as a
minimum but not limited to the following information:

6.1.Sample number
6.2.Location sample taken (e.g. tank number , truck number, filter-separator number, etc.)
6.3.Type of sample 6.4.Date sample taken
6.5.Name of person taking sample

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX D to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

D-2
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
6.6.Reason sample taken
6.7.Product and Grade
6.8.Specification (include approved waivers on limits, if known) 6.9.Volume sample represents 6.10.Type of tests requested 6.11.Date sample sent to the laboratory
Sampling Apparatus, Containers, and Precautions

7. Approved sample containers shall be used as specified by ASTM, IP, or UN. Sample
containers could be as follows: epoxy-coated metal containers; borosilicate (hard) glass
bottles (Pyrex® is the popular brand name); polyt etrafluoroethylene bottles (Teflon® is the
popular brand name); polyethylene bottles; st eel cans; and stainless steel beakers
appropriate to the material to be sampled.

8. For the transportation of fuel, sample containers and over packs shall comply with
local/national regulations for the transport of dangerous goods. Containers for the
transportation of samples by air shall be of an International Civil Aviation Organisation
(ICAO) approved design, and shall be dispatched in accordance with the latest edition of the
“ICAO” Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by air and “IATA
Dangerous Goods Regulations”.
9. Samples of fuel submitted specifically for visual appearance (“clear and bright” test) and
water and sediment determinations only, shall whenever practicable be collected in clear glass bottles and protected from exposure to sunlight. For sampling of aviation turbine fuels for water reaction and thermal stability analysis, epoxy-coated metal containers conforming
to ASTM D4306 that have been pre-soaked with the product being sampled are preferred. If
none are available, then clear or amber 4L gl ass containers may be used although shall be
prepared (e.g. wrapped in aluminium foil) to prevent light absorption. Some products,
especially gasoline, will change colour rapidly on exposure to sunlight resulting in a rapid
increase in gum and a decrease in stability. Lead additives, such as tetraethyl lead, are
particularly unstable in sunlight and may appear as a gray or an off white precipitate on the
bottom of the sample container. If clear glass bottles are the only containers available for
sampling product containing lead, the bottles shall be covered with foil or paper immediately
after filling to avoid exposure to sunlight.

9.1.The amount of sample to be taken is as follows:
9.1.1.Normal Sample Size
: Normally, the liquid sample volume submitted for type B
or C analysis is approximately 4 litres. Samples of aviation turbine fuel requiring full specification testing (type A) will require up to 8 litres (2 X 4 litres
portions), one portion of which will be used for the particulate contamination
test. The possible partitioning of the sample between different parties such as
supplier, client, local customs in case of custody transfer, must be considered in
order to take the respective number and adequate fuel sample volume.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX D to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

D-3
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
9.1.2.Special Sample Size : Special samples can vary from 1 litre to several litres
dependent on the circumstance. Aviation gasoline samples requiring ASTM
D909 aviation supercharge method of determining performance numbers shall
be a minimum of 20 litres unless otherwise directed.

10. All sampling apparatus and containers shall be thoroughly clean and dry and special care
shall be taken to ensure no lint or fibrous material remains in or on them. Unless otherwise specified in the test procedures, apparatus and containers shall be rinsed with a portion of
the product being sampled to ensure they do not contaminate the sample to be tested with
the previous sampled material. Care must be exerted if sample containers have been
previously used since they could possibly contaminate the fuel being sampled. In all
circumstances care shall be taken to prevent as far as practicable the ingress of foreign
matter not associated with the fuel into the sample vessel.

Note: it is recommended to have a separate sampling device for use with low/ultra low sulphur
products as sulphur analysis is very sensitiv e to minute traces of any high sulphur product
previously sampled. If aviation fuel samples are taken to check for contamination with fatty acid
methyl esters (FAME) then it is imperative that a brand new sample container is used.
11. Sufficient liquid product shall be in the sample lines and fittings before taking any sample.

12. Containers such as drums shall be sampled using a glass thief or metal sampling tube
designed for the purpose. For further guidance the user shall refer to Annex G.

13. Immediately after taking the sample, the sample container is to be securely sealed. The use
of sealing wax, paraffin, rubber gaskets, pressure sensitive tapes, or similar material to seal
containers is not permitted. Lightweight sample containers shall be adequately packaged to withstand the rigours of transportation. To prevent leakage caused by thermal expansion of
the product, sample containers shall not be filled above 90% capacity.
14. Sampling apparatus shall be cleaned immediately after use and stored so it will remain clean
until next use.

15. Samples of gasoline and aviation turbine fuels requiring a vapour pressure test to be
performed shall be carefully handled and collected to prevent as far as is practically possible
the loss of light-ends. Vapour pressure determinations are extremely sensitive to
evaporation losses and to slight changes in composition. Whenever practicable,
arrangements should be made to maintain liquid fuel samples at a temperature between
minus 1°C and plus 4°C. This helps preserve its characteristics from the point of sampling to
the laboratory.

16. When obtaining, storing, or handling samples, all necessary precautions shall be observed
to ensure that they are truly representative of the product to be tested and where necessary
satisfactory for vapour pressure tests.
17. If the densities of the fuel samples taken from the upper, middle and lower levels of a tank
do not differ by more than 3 kg/m³ then a composite of these samples can be made for
additional testing. If the density variation is greater than 3 kg/m³, the individual samples must
be tested separately due to layering for conformance to the product specification.
Representative Samples

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX D to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

D-4
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

18. A sample is a portion of fuel taken which repres ents that entire batch or delivery or a specific
location within a tank or container. Type and quantity of samples and sample containers
must be chosen to ensure that the samples are representative of the fuel in question and are
satisfactory for the purpose intended.

19. The different types of samples are as follows:
19.1.All level sample
: A sample obtained by submerging a closed sampler (closed bottle) to
a point as near as possible to the draw off level, then opening the sampler and raising
it at such a rate that it is about 75 percent full as it emerges from the liquid.

19.2.Spot Sample: A sample taken at a specific location/level within a tank or other
container, or from a line at a specific time during a pumping operation.

19.3.Top Sample: A spot sample taken 15 cm (6 inches) below the fluid surface within a tank
or other container contents.
19.4.Upper Sample:
A spot sample taken from the middle of the upper third of the fluid within
a tank or other container contents.

19.5.Middle Sample: A spot sample taken at the middle height of the fluid within a tank or
other container contents.

19.6.Lower Sample: A spot sample taken at the middle of the lower third of the fluid within a
tank or other container contents.
19.7.Bottom Sample:
A sample obtained at the bottom surface of the tank, container, or line
at its lowest point.
19.8.Drain Sample:
A sample obtained from the water draw off, sump or discharge valve.

NOTE. Drain and bottom samples are usually obtained to check for water, sludge, scale, or
other contaminants.

19.9.Single Tank Composite Sample: A sample consisting of a blend of the upper, middle,
and lower samples of the tank contents. The portion of the sample quantity to be
taken at each level varies according to the type of tank (e.g. vertical or horizontal) and
shall be determined by applicable procedure.

19.10.Multiple Tank Composite Sample: A sample consisting of a blend of individual all-level
samples from each compartment of the ship, barge, or carrier containing the same
grade of product in proportion to the volume of product in each compartment.

19.11.Outlet (suction) Sample: A sample taken at the level of the tank outlet.

19.12.Automatic Sample (Line Sample): A sample taken from a pipeline conveying the
product in such a manner that ensures a representative average of the stream
throughout the period of transit. Such samples are not deemed acceptable for the
initial establishment of a batch.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX D to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

D-5
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
19.13.Hose Sample: A sample obtained from a refuelling vehicle or dispensing cabinet
delivery hose. This type can also be termed an ‘open line’ sample.

19.14.Tube or Thief Sample: Either a core or spot sample from a specified point in the
container taken with a sampling tube or special thief. When sampling fuel drums,
contamination that may have settled out shall be avoided.
19.15.Batch/Lot Samples:
A sample obtained from a collection of units of packaged
products.

Sampling Procedures and Guidance

20. Fuel samples taken manually shall be do ne in accordance with Manual Sampling of
Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM D 4057), Petroleum Liquids Manual Sampling (IP
475/ISO 3170) or equivalent national procedures.

21. In-line sampling shall be in accordance with Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products (ASTM D 4177), or as prescr ibed by product specification or contract
requirements. Such samples are not deemed acceptable for the initial establishment of a batch.

22. Product lot acceptance in case of large shipment of packed fuels can be assessed in
accordance with ANSI Z1.4 – Sampling Tables, API MPMS, Chapter 8. 1 – Standard
Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products.

23. A sample is considered as a witness (retained) sample if all parties involved have the
opportunity to be present during the sampling.

Tactical Equipment

24. The procedure for sampling of tactical equipment is not to be confused with the requirement
for fuel tank sump draining, which is to be carried out regularly.

25. The reason for obtaining a sample from the tank is to determine the quality of fuel in the
tactical equipment. Most samples will be obtained from the tank sump drain, (as this is the
most convenient location) however, special precautions must be taken prior to obtaining the
sample. In order that the sample be representative, any foreign material which has
accumulated at the low point or sump of the tank (for which it was designed), must first be
removed by flushing. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the following procedures shall be
followed to obtain a representative sample the tank:

25.1.Using a bonded container (pail, large jar, etc.), a minimum of 4L of fuel shall be drained
from the equipment sump drain and discarded as per local regulations. This fuel shall
not to be tested.
25.2.The sampling container shall be rinsed thoroughly three times with the fuel to be
sampled prior to filling.

25.3.The quantity of fuel required for testing shall be taken.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX D to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

D-6
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Refuelling Vehicles

26. Samples taken from refuelling vehicles can be taken from several points. Generally
most dispensing equipment will have an in-line sampler connection point or a draw-off
valve downstream of the filtration vessel used for obtaining a sample via Matched
Weight Monitor sampler in by-pass mode or by using a cheater hose. Samples can
also be taken either from the nozzle (open line) or from the tank by dipping through the overhead hatch (this should only be used as a la st resort) or from the low level drain
point (if taken from the low level drain point care should be taken to ensure that any
accumulated water and/or particulate is first discarded before taking the sample. Low
pressure hoses may be sampled directly from the nozzle spout; high pressure hoses
may be sampled from the Matched Weight Monitor sampling port for gravimetric
analysis but by taking samples directly from nozzles you are more susceptible to
accumulating particulate contaminants in the sample. Other sampling devices/locations
can also be encountered. Samples shall never be taken from the filter vessel sump,
unless specifically directed to do so in the course of an investigation.

Refuelling Tender Fill-stand

27. An in-line sample connection point or a draw-off valve downstream of the filtration
vessel is to be used for gaining a sample via Matched Weight Monitor sampler in test
mode. If not available, the fill-stand nozzle, if present, can be used to obtain a
representative sample of fuel being delivered to the refuelling tender. At this point the
fuel has already passed through at least one Filter Water Separator. It is important to
ensure that the fill-stand line has been drai ned from its contaminant and that fuel has
been re-circulated prior to sampling.
Bulk Storage Tanks and Marine Vessels

28. A representative fuel sample from a bulk storage tank or marine vessel cargo tank shall
be obtained by dipping, using a weighted sampling beaker or other acceptable
sampling equipment. Multiple samples may be required based on the size of the tank
and number of compartments to be tested.

29. Unless specifically required for special testing, samples shall not be taken through
storage tank clean-out lines, manifolds, water draw-offs, bleeder valves, or hose
nozzles. Such samples would not be representative of the product in the tank. When it
is necessary to sample service station tanks and access to such tanks cannot be
gained though a manhole or sampling hatch, the tanks may be sampled through a
servicing hose after first discharging from the hose a volume of product estimated at
two-times the capacity of the piping system.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX D to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

D-7
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Laboratory Handling of Samples

30. Samples shall be registered in accordance with the laboratory procedures and shall be
tested based on the respective priority. The following requirements should be noted;

30.1.All samples shall be properly labelled.
30.2.Fuel samples are required to be condi tioned prior to performing certain test.

30.3.Samples shall be thoroughly mixed prior to performing the required test to ensure
homogeneity.

30.4.Good sample handling is essential to prevent external contamination.

30.5.Retained samples, witness samples, and remaining fuel sample not tested shall be kept
in the original container in a controlled environment and stored in accordance with local and national directives for a minimum of six months. All samples shall be readily available in cases of dispute with a fuel supplier or to perform additional tests.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-1
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Quality Control in Routine Circumstances
General

1. This section describes the different possible logistic situations regarding fuels
distribution and the relevant minimum quality control procedures that have to be
implemented. They are simple elements from one point to another one of fuels
distribution chains. These situations represent normal operations on national territory, military exercises or expeditionary operations.

2. If these situations are either not representative or can not be applied, refer to Annex
F.
Flowcharts

3. The flowcharts illustrate the basic elements that constitute a fuel supply chain: each
element describes the point of origin of the fuel, its point of delivery, the means of
transportation between these two points and the different tests to be performed on
the fuel all along this part of the logistic chain.
4. The layout of the charts is as follows:
Aviation Fuels F-35/F-34/F-44

From To Remarks Table
Supplier Fuel
Terminal BFI Custody transfer point at the
delivery point of the Supplier
Fuel Terminal Table E-1
Supplier Fuel
Terminal BFI Custody transfer point at the
entry point of the BFI Table E-2
BFI Nation A
BFI Nation A Table E-3
BFI Nation A BFI Nation B or
NPSS Custody transfer point at the
delivery point of BFI Nation A Table E-4
BFI Nation A BFI Nation B or
NATO Pipeline and
Storage System
(NPSS) Custody transfer point at the
entry point of BFI Nation B Table E-5
Civilian pipeline
system NPSS to Table E-6
BFI
Aircraft Table E-7

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-2
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Aviation Fuels F-44 only

From To Remarks Table
Supplier Fuel
Terminal Military ship
(Supply ship or
Warship) Custody transfert point at the
Supplier Fuel Terminal Table E-9
Supplier Fuel
Terminal Military ship
(Supply ship or
Warship) Custody transfer point at the
military ship Table E-10
BFI Nation A Military ship Nation
A (Supply ship or
War ship) Table E-11
BFI Nation A Military ship Nation
B Custody transfer point at the
delivery point of BFI Nation A) Table E-12
Supply ship Warship Table E-13
Storage Tank to for
propulsion and
energy generation Daytank War ship internal fuel transfer Table E-14
Warship Aircraft Table E-15
Ground Fuels F-54/F-67

F-63 is only available just before issuing to ground systems and not present in the
complete Fuel supply Chain. This fuel is not addressed in the flowcharts.
From To Remarks Table
Supplier Fuel
Terminal BFI Custody transfer point at the
delivery point of the Supplier Fuel Terminal Table E-
16
Supplier Fuel
Terminal BFI Custody transfer point at the
entry point of the BFI Table E-
17
BFI Nation A
BFI Nation A Table E-
18
BFI Nation A BFI Nation B or
NPSS Custody transfer point at the
delivery point of BFI Nation A Table E-
19
BFI Nation A BFI Nation B or
NPSS Custody transfer point at the
entry point of BFI Nation B Table E-
20
Civilian pipeline
system NPSS Table E-
21
BFI Military Fuel
Station Custody transfer point at the
delivery point of BFI Table E-
22
BFI Military Fuel
Station Custody transfer point at the
entry point of the Military Fuel
Station Table E-
23
(Deployable) BFI Military Ground
Equipment Table E-
24

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-3
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

Naval Fuels F-75/F-76

From To Remarks Table
Supplier Fuel
Terminal BFI Custody transfer point at the
delivery point of the Supplier
Fuel Terminal Table E-
25
Supplier Fuel
Terminal BFI Custody transfer point at the
entry point of the BFI Table E-
26
Supplier Fuel
Terminal Military Supply
Ship Custody transfer point at the
Supplier Fuel Terminal Table E-
27
Supplier Fuel
Terminal Military War Ship Custody transfer point at the
Supplier Fuel Terminal Table E-
28
Supplier Fuel
Terminal Military Supply
Ship Custody transfer point at the
military ship Table E-
29
Supplier Fuel
Terminal Military War Ship Custody transfer point at the
military ship Table E-
30
BFI Nation A Military Supply
Ship Nation A Table E-
31
BFI Nation A Military War Ship
Nation A Table E-
32
BFI Nation A Military Supply
Ship Nation B Custody transfer point at the
delivery point of BFI Nation A Table E-
33
BFI Nation A Military War Ship
Nation B Custody transfer point at the
delivery point of BFI Nation A Table E-
34
BFI Nation A Military Supply
Ship Nation B Custody transfer point at the
Military Supply Ship Table E-
35
Supply Ship
War Ship Table E-
36

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-4
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

5. Flowcharts Pictograms

Road Tank Vehicle
Mobile Filtration
System

Pipeline
Supplier Fuel
Terminal

Iso Container
Supplier or Military
Bulk Fuel Installation

Rail Cars
Refueller System

Marine Vessels
Aircraft

Military Fuel Station
Military Ground
Equipment

Jerrican
Custody Transfer Point

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-5
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

6 Terminology

TERMINOLOGY
BFI Bulk Fuel Installation (BFI) consists of fixed infrastructure tanks or
deployable collapsible tanks. Unless otherwise stated, this acronym applies to either Troup Contributing Nation’s or NATO Operated BFI.
Before loading
Before fuel is transferred into a means of transportation or just at
the beginning of transfer.

Just at the beginning of fuel introduction to the pipeline.
After loading
Once the filling of the transportation vehicle is complete.

Not applicable.
Means of transportation Fuel transportation phase using the vehicle as identified by the
pictogram as it appears on the chart.
It is the supplier’s responsibility to ensure product quality within the
vehicle when the custody transfer point is located after fuel transportation. It is the receiver’s responsibility to ensure product quality when the custody transfer point is located prior to fuel
transportation.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-6
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
TERMINOLOGY
Before unloading
Before fuel transfer into any receipt tank.

At the beginning of fuel introduction in the receipt tank(s)
Receipt tank
Any BFI or Ship tanks.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-7
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Aviation Fuels flowcharts

Table E-1 : Supplier Fuel Terminal To BFI (custody transfer point at the delivery point of the Supplier Fuel Terminal: to be ph ysically determined)

AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Transportation ve hicle Before unloading (1) Receipt tank
 Type C+ on an in-line
sample at the loading
point prior to each
convoy/train and after
change of issue tank.
 Type C+ results to be
checked with the
suppliers release
certificate. Any discrepancies are to be identified and
investigated.
 Retain sample if
applicable as per contract.

 Type C on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) from each compartment of the
transportation vehicle.
 Type C results to be
checked with the
suppliers release
certificate. Any discrepancies are to be identified and fuel not
unloaded until resolved.
 One copy per truck / train
/ container.  Type B1 on an all level
sample taken from each
receipt tank after the
appropriate settling time (required only when the delivery is made through
a non segregated system
or where doubt exists on
the integrity of the
supply).
 Type C+ if a B1 test is
not required.
Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type B2
is acceptable for terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-8
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

 Type C+ on in-line
sample (fully segregated
system)
 Type B-1 on in-line
sample (non segregated system) (2)
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release
certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.
 Retain sample if
applicable as per contract.  Type C on in-line sample
taken at the start, middle and end of the delivery. If
a change of batch is
advised for purposes of
quality control the new
batch shall be considered
as being a new delivery.
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release
certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.  Type B1 on an all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time (NATO pipeline systems and
multi-products system
only).
 Type C+ on an all level
sample taken from each
receipt tank after allowing
the appropriate settling
time if no B1 performed on reception tank.
 Type C+ on an in-line
sample at the loading point prior to each convoy/train and after change of issue tank.
 Type C+ results to be
checked with the suppliers release
certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be identified and investigated.  Type C on each
compartment.
 Type B1 on ship
composite sample.  Type C on 1 sample for
each compartment.
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water using water-finding paste.  Before product can be
released for use a Type
B2 on an all level sample
taken from each receipt tank after the appropriate
settling time has been
observed.
 Type A on in-line sample
or on each consolidated tank after settling time for
definitive acceptance
into the NPSS .
Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type B2
is acceptable for terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-9
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

 Retain sample if
applicable as per
contract.  Type A on a composite
sample (representing
maximum 5 tanks) to be
compared with the
original type A issued
from the supplier for temporary acceptance
(product to be introduced
into a NATO pipeline and
storage system.  Only tankers transporting
a single grade of product
will be accepted for
deliveries into the NPSS,
except for military
tankers.
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release
certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.
Commercial industry practices shall be applied
(Ex : sampling and analysis during loading)

(1) The density measured during the type C analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in the supplier certificate. I f the difference
between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, a contamination may have been occurred and investigation shall be done to explain this difference.
(2) Performed by the relevant NATO pipeline and storage system (NPSS).

Table E-1 concluded
Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type B2
is acceptable for terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-10
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-2: Supplier fuel terminal to BFI (custody transfer point at the entry point of the BFI: to be determined physically)
AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Transportation ve hicle Before unloading (1) Reception tank

 Type C on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) from each
compartment of the
transportation vehicle.
 Type C results to be
checked with the suppliers release certificate. Any discrepancies are to be
identified and fuel not
unloaded until resolved.
 Retain sample by
transporter (all levels or drain) for each
compartment of the
mean of transportation).  Type B1 on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time (Non-
dedicated means only or
doubt on the dedication).
 Type C+ if no B1
performed on reception tank.
Each batch issued from a Suppliers refinery
storage shall have been subjected to a Type
A test. A Type B2 is acceptable for terminal
(non refinery location) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-11
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

 Type C on in-line sample
taken at the start, middle
and end of the delivery. If
a change of batch is
advised for purposes of
quality control the new
batch shall be considered as being a new delivery.

All results to be checked
with the suppliers release
certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.
 In line retain sample to
be kept by the transporter.  Type B1 on an all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time (NATO
pipeline systems and
multi-products system only).
 Type C+ on an all level
sample taken from each
receipt tank after allowing
the appropriate settling
time if no B1 performed
on reception tank.
Table E-2 concluded on page E-10
 Type C on a
representative sample from each compartment.
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release certificate. Any discrepancies are to be identified and
investigated.  Before product can be
released for use a Type
B2 on an all level sample
taken from each receipt
tank after the appropriate
settling time has been observed.
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release
Each batch issued from a Suppliers refinery
storage shall have been subjected to a Type
A test. A Type B2 is acceptable for terminal
(non refinery location) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-12
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for
water using water-finding
paste.
 A retained sample (all
levels or drain) from each compartment is to be taken. certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.
(1) The density measured during the type C analysis is to be comp ared with the density mentioned in the supplier certificate. I f the difference
between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, a contamination may have been occurred and investigation shall be done to explain this difference.

Table E-2 concluded

Each batch issued from a Suppliers refinery
storage shall have been subjected to a Type
A test. A Type B2 is acceptable for terminal
(non refinery location) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-13
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-3: BFI Nation A to BFI Nation A

AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Mean s of transportation Before unloading (1) Reception tank
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point prior to each convoy/train and after change of issue
tank

 Type C on a sample (all
levels or drain) from each
compartment of the
transportation vehicle.
 All results to be checked
with the tank release
certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be identified and investigated.  Type B1 on an all level
sample taken from each receipt tank after the
appropriate settling time
(required only when the
delivery is made through
a non segregated system or where doubt exists on the integrity of the
supply).
 Type C+ if a B1 test is
not required.
 Type C on in-line sample
(fully segregated system)
 Type B-1 on in-line
sample (non segregated
system) (2)
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release
certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.  Type C on in-line sample
taken at the start, middle and end of the delivery. If
a change of batch is
advised for purposes of
quality control the new
batch shall be considered as being a new delivery.

All results to be checked
with the suppliers release certificate. Any  Type B1 on an all level
sample taken from each receipt tank after the
appropriate settling time
(required only when the
delivery is made through
a non segregated system or where doubt exists on the integrity of the
supply).

Type C+ if a B1 test is

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-14
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Mean s of transportation Before unloading (1) Reception tank
discrepancies are to be
identified and investigated. not required.
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point and after change of issue tank  Type C on a
representative sample from each compartment.
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release
certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water using water-finding paste.  Before product can be
released for use a Type
B2 on an all level sample
taken from each receipt
tank after the appropriate
settling time has been
observed.
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release
certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be identified and investigated.
(1) The density measured during the type C analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in certificate from the issuin g tank. If the
difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, a contamination may have been occurred and investigation shall be done to explain this
difference.
(2) Performed by the relevant NATO pipeline and storage system if responsible for the transportation.

Table E-3 concluded

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-15
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-4: BFI Nation A to BFI Nation B or NPSS (custody transfer point at the delivery point of BFI Nation A).

AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading (2) After loading M eans of transportation Before unl oading (1) (3) Reception tank
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point prior to each convoy/train and
after change of issue
tank
 All results to be checked
with the tank release certificate. Any discrepancies are to be identified and
investigated.

 Type C on a sample (all
levels or drain) from each
compartment of the
transportation vehicle.
 All results to be checked
with the tank release certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.  Type B1 on an all level
sample taken from each receipt tank after the
appropriate settling time
(required only when the
delivery is made through a non segregated system
or where doubt exists on
the integrity of the
supply).
 Type C+ if a B1 test is
not required.
 Type C on in-line sample
(fully segregated system)
 Type B-1 on in-line
sample (non segregated system) (4)
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release certificate. Any discrepancies are to be
identified and investigated.  Type C on in-line sample
taken at the start, middle and end of the delivery. If
a change of batch is
advised for purposes of
quality control the new batch shall be considered
as being a new delivery.

All results to be checked
with the suppliers release
certificate. Any  Type B1 on an all level
sample taken from each receipt tank after the
appropriate settling time
(required only when the
delivery is made through a non segregated system
or where doubt exists on
the integrity of the
supply).

Type C+ if a B1 test is

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-16
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading (2) After loading M eans of transportation Before unl oading (1) (3) Reception tank
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated. not required.
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point and
after change of issue
tank.  Type C on a
representative sample from each compartment.
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for
water using water-finding
paste.  Before product can be
released for use a Type
B2 on an all level sample
taken from each receipt
tank after the appropriate
settling time has been
observed.
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.
(1) The density measured during the type C analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in certificate from the issuin g tank. If the
difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, a contamination may have been occurred and investigation shall be done to explain this
difference. (2) The Type C analysis shall be performed by Nation A or Nation B/NPSS (as per agreement between the two parties) in the prese nce of each
party’s representatives.
(3) The Type C analysis shall be performed by receiving party.
(4) Performed by the relevant NPSS if responsible for the transportation.

Table E-4 concluded

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-17
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

Table E-5: BFI Nation A to BFI Nation B or NPSS (custody transfer point at the entry point of BFI Nation B)

AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading (2) After loading M eans of transportation Before unl oading (1) (3) Reception tank
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point prior to each convoy/train and after change of issue tank
 All results to be checked
with the tank release certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and investigated.

 Type C on a sample (all
levels or drain) from each compartment of the
transportation vehicle.
 All results to be checked
with the tank release certificate. Any discrepancies are to be identified and
investigated  Type B1 on an all level
sample taken from each
receipt tank after the
appropriate settling time
(required only when the
delivery is made through a non segregated system or where doubt exists on
the integrity of the
supply).
 Type C+ if a B1 test is
not required.
 Type C on in-line sample
(fully segregated system)
 Type B-1 on in-line
sample (non segregated system) (4)
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and  Type C on in-line sample
taken at the start, middle
and end of the delivery. If
a change of batch is
advised for purposes of
quality control the new batch shall be considered as being a new delivery.
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release  Type B1 on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after settling time (NPSS and Multi-products system
only).

Type C+ if no B1
performed on reception
tank.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-18
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading (2) After loading M eans of transportation Before unl oading (1) (3) Reception tank
investigated. certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be identified and investigated.
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point and after change of issue tank.  Type C on a
representative sample
from each compartment.
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water using water-finding paste.  Before product can be
released for use a Type
B2 on an all level sample
taken from each receipt
tank after the appropriate
settling time has been
observed.
 All results to be checked
with the suppliers release certificate. Any discrepancies are to be identified and
investigated.
(1) The density measured during the type C analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in certificate from the issuin g tank. If the
difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, a contamination may have been occurred and investigation shall be done to explain this
difference.
(2) The type C analysis shall be performed by Nation A.
(3) The Type C analysis shall be performed by Nation A or Nation B/NPSS (as per agreement between the two parties) in the prese nce of each
party’s representatives.
(4) Performed by the relevant NPSS if responsible for the transportation.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-19
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-6: Civilian pipeline system to NATO Pipeline and Storage System (NPSS)

AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

Civilian system Type A on in line sample
performed by NPSS NPSS

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-20
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-7: BFI to Aircraft

AVIATION Fuels: F-35/F-34/F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Mean of transportation Aircraft
 Visual test at the loading
point prior to the first fuelling of the day and after change of issue
tank.  Type C on a sample (all
levels or drain) from each compartment of the refueller after a minimum
10 minute settling time.

Table E-8: Aircraft wet wing defuelling to tank

AVIATION Fuels : F-35/F-34/F-44

Before offloading of aircraft Mean of filtration Reception tank
Type C+
Type C+

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-21
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-9: Supplier Fuel Terminal to milit ary ship (Supply ship or Warship) – Custody transfert point at th e Supplier Fuel Term inal

AVIATION Fuels: F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transpor tation Before unloading (1) Reception tank
 Type C+ on in-line
sample at the loading
point prior to each convoy
and after change of feed tank.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier. none  Type C + on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) for each
compartment of the mean
of transportation.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier. One copy per
truck.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.
 Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.
 Retain sample at the
custody transfer point.  Type C on each
compartment.
 Type B1 on ship
composite sample.  Type C + on 1 sample for
each compartment.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water
using water-finding paste.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.
Commercial industry practices shall be applied
(Ex : sampling and analysis during loading) none none
Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type B2
is acceptable for terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-22
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
AVIATION Fuels: F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transpor tation Before unloading (1) Reception tank
 Type C+ on in-line
sample. none  Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.
 If the pipeline is one of
the NPSS, and if a
buffering tank has been
used during the transport,
a B-1 test will be
performed on the tank by NPSS.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after
settling time.
(1) The density measured during the type C analysis is to be comp ared with the density mentioned in the supplier certificate. I f the difference
between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, a contamination may have been occurred and investigation shall be done to explain this difference.
Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type B2
is acceptable for terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-23
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-10: Supplier Fuel Terminal to mili tary ship (Supply ship or Warship) – Cu stody transfer point at the military ship

AVIATION Fuels: F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transportation Before unloading (1) Reception tank
none none  Type C + on 1 sample for
each compartment.
 Retain sample by the
transporter (all levels or drain) for each
compartment of the mean
of transportation).
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water using water-finding paste. Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.
none none  Type C + on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) for each
compartment of the mean
of transportation.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier. One copy per
truck.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after
settling time.
Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type
B2 is acceptable for terminal (non
refiner y location ) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-24
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
AVIATION Fuels: F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transportation Before unloading (1) Reception tank
none none  Type C + on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.
 If the pipeline is one of
the NPSS, and if a
buffering tank has been
used during the transport,
a B-1 test will be
performed on the tank by NPSS.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after
settling time.
(1) The density measured during the type C analysis is to be comp ared with the density mentioned in the supplier certificate. I f the difference
between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, a contamination may have been occurred and investigation shall be done to explain this difference.
Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type
B2 is acceptable for terminal (non
refiner y location ) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-25
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-11: BFI Nation A to Military Ship Nation A (Supply Ship or Warship)

AVIATION Fuels: F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transp ortation Before unloading Reception tank
 Type C+ on in-line
sample.  Type C+ on 1 sample for
each compartment.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water using water-finding paste.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after
settling time.
 Type C+ on in-line
sample at the loading point prior to each convoy
and after change of feed
tank.  Type C+ on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) for each compartment of the mean
of transportation.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type C+ or B1 or B2) from the issuing tank  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after settling time.
 Type C+ on in-line
sample.  Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier.
 If the pipeline is one of
the NPSS, and if a  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after
settling time.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-26
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
buffering tank has been
used during the transport,
a B-1 test will be
performed on the tank by NPSS.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-27
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-12: BFI Nation A to Military Ship Nation B (Custody transfer point at the delive ry point of BFI Nation A).
AVIATION Fuels: F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading (2) After loading M eans of transportation Before unl oading (1) (3) Reception tank
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point prior to each convoy/train and after change of feed tank.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type C+ or B1
or B2) from the issuing
tank. None  Type C + on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) for each compartment of the mean
of transportation.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type C+ or B1 or
B2) from the issuing tank.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.
 Type C on in-line sample
at the delivery point of
the issuing depot.
 Type B1 on in-line
sample at the delivery
piont of issuing (4)
None

 Type C + on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type
C+ or B1 or B2) from the
issuing tank.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after settling time.
 Type C on in-line
sample. None

 Type C + on 1 sample for
each compartment.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water
using water-finding paste.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-28
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
(1) The density measured during the type C analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in certificate from the issuin g tank. If the
difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, a contamination may have been occurred and investigation shall be done to explain this
difference. (2) The Type C analysis shall be performed by Nation A or Nation B/NPSS (as per agreement between the two parties) in the prese nce of each
party’s representatives.
(3) The Type C analysis shall be performed by receiving party.
(4) Performed by the relevant NPSS if responsible for the transportation.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-29
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-13: Supply ship to War ship

AVIATION Fuels: F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transp ortation Before unlo ading Reception tank
Type C+ on in-line sample. None
none  Type C+ on in-line
sample
or
 Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-30
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-14: Warship internal fuel transfer from Storage Tank to Daytank.

AVIATION Fuels: F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Mean s of transportation Daytank
none  Type C test on 1 sample
(all levels or drain) for each compartment of the daytank after a minimum 10 minutes settling.
Internal ship pipeline .
 Visual test on 1 sample

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-31
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

Table E-15: Warship to Aircraft

AVIATION Fuels: F-44

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Mean s of transportation Aircraft
 Visual test on 1 sample
(all levels or drain) for each compartment of the daytank after a minimum
10 minutes settling.
Internal ship pipeline .

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-32
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
7 Ground Fuels flowcharts

Table E-16: Supplier Fuel Terminal to BFI (custody transfer point at the delivery point of the Supplier Fuel Terminal: to be de termined physically

GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67
Each batch issued from a
Suppliers refinery storage
shall have been
subjected to a Type A test.
A Type B2 is acceptable for
terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transp ortation Before unloading (1) After unloading
 Check COA
 Check Issuing tank
identity COA-
identification information
 Retain sample if
applicable as per
contract None  Type C on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) for each compartment of the mean
of transportation
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers certificate of analysis. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and fuel not unloaded until resolved
 One copy per
truck/train/container.  Type B1 on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after settling time (required
only when the delivery is
made through a Non-
dedicated means or
doubt exists on the integrity of the supply)
 Type C+ if no B1
performed on reception
tank.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-33
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67
Each batch issued from a
Suppliers refinery storage
shall have been
subjected to a Type A test.
A Type B2 is acceptable for
terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transp ortation Before unloading (1) After unloading
 Type C+ on in-line
sample (mono product
connected installation)
 Type B-1 on in-line
sample (NATO multi-
product connected
installation) (2)
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier.
 Retain sample if
applicable as per contract. None
 Type C on in-line sample
taken at the start, middle and end of the delivery.
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers certificate of analysis.
Any discrepancies are to
be identified and
investigated  Type B1 on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time (NATO pipeline systems and
Multi-products system
only).
 Type C+ no an all level
sample taken from each
receipt tank after settling
time if no B1 performed on reception.
Table E-16 concluded on page E-27

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-34
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67
Each batch issued from a
Suppliers refinery storage
shall have been
subjected to a Type A test.
A Type B2 is acceptable for
terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transp ortation Before unloading (1) After unloading
 Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers certificate of analysis.
Any discrepancies are to
be identified and
investigated.
 Retain sample at the
custody transfer point.  Type C on each
compartment.
 Type B1 on ship
composite sample.  Type C on 1 sample for
each compartment.
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers certificate of analysis. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and investigated
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for
water using water-finding
paste..
 Type A on a composite
sample (representing
maximum 5 tanks) to be
compared with the
original type A issued
from the supplier for
temporary acceptance
(product to be introduced
into a NATO pipeline and
storage system.  Type B2 on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after settling time.
 Type A on in-line sample
or on each consolidated tank after settling time for
definitive acceptance
(NPSS).
 Only tankers transporting
one type of product will
be accepted into a NATO
pipeline system, except
for military tankers.
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers
certificate of analysis.
Any discrepancies are to
be identified and
investigated

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-35
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67
Each batch issued from a
Suppliers refinery storage
shall have been
subjected to a Type A test.
A Type B2 is acceptable for
terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transp ortation Before unloading (1) After unloading
Commercial industry practices shall be applied (Ex :
sampling and analysis during loading)
(1) The density measured during the type C analysis is to be comp ared with the density mentioned in the supplier certificate. I f the difference
between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, a contamination may have been occurred and investigation shall be done to explain thi s difference

Table E-16 concluded

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-36
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-17: Supplier Fuel Terminal to BFI (custody transfer poi nt at the entry point of the BFI: to be determined physically)

GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67
Each batch issued from a
Suppliers refinery storage
shall have been subjected
to a Type A test. A Type
B2 is acceptable for
terminal (non refinery location) recertification.

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transp ortation Before unloading (1) After unloading
none None  Type C on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) for each compartment of the mean
of transportation.
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers certificate of analysis. Any discrepancies are to be
identified and investigated
 Retain sample by
transporter (all levels or
drain) for each
compartment of the
mean of transportation).  Type B1 on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time (Non-
dedicated means only or
doubt on the dedication).
 Type C+ if no B1
performed on reception
tank.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-37
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67
Each batch issued from a
Suppliers refinery storage
shall have been subjected
to a Type A test. A Type
B2 is acceptable for
terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transp ortation Before unloading (1) After unloading
None None  Type C on in-line sample
taken at the start, middle and end of the delivery.
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers certificate of analysis. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and investigated
 In line retain sample to
be kept by the transporterType B1 on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time (NPSS and multi-products system only).
 Type C+ if no B1
performed on reception tank.
none None  Type C on 1 sample for
each compartment.
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers certificate of analysis. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and investigated
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water using water-finding paste  Type B2 on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers
certificate of analysis.
Any discrepancies are to be identified and
investigated
(1) The density measured during the type C analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in the supplier certificate. I f the difference
between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, a contamination may have been occurred and investigation shall be done to explain this difference

Table E-17 concluded

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-38
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-18: BFI Nation A to BFI Nation A

GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of trans portation Before unloading (1) After unloading
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point prior
to each convoy/train and
after change of feed tank None
 Type C on 1 sample for
each compartment of the mean of transportation.
 Results to be checked
with the C-certificate of
analysis from issuing
tank.  Type B1 on all level sample
taken in every reception tank
after settling time (required
only when the delivery is made through a Non-dedicated means only or
doubt exists on the integrity
of the supply)
 Type C+ if no B1 performed
on reception tank.
 Type C on in-line sample
at the delivery point of the issuing depot.
 Type B1 on in-line
sample at the delivery
point of issuing (2) None
 Type C on in-line sample
taken at the start, middle and end of the delivery.
 Results to be checked
with the B1-certificate of analysis from issuing
tank.  Type B1 on all level sample
taken in every reception tank after settling time (required
only when the delivery is
made through a Non-dedicated means only or doubt exists on the integrity
of the supply)

Type C+ if no B1 performed
on reception tank.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-39
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of trans portation Before unloading (1) After unloading
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point. None  Type C on 1 sample for
each compartment
 Results to be checked
with the C-certificate of analysis from issuing tank
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water
using water-finding paste. Type B2 on all level sample
taken in every reception tank
after settling time.
 Results to be checked with
the suppliers release certificate. Any discrepancies
are to be identified and
investigated.
(1) The density measured during the type C analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in certificate from the issuin g tank. If the
difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, a contamination may have been occurred and investigation shall be done to explain this
difference
(2) Performed by the relevant NATO Pipeline and Storage System (NPSS) if responsible for the transportation

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-40
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-19: BFI Nation A to BFI Nation B or NPSS (Custody transfer point at the delivery point of BFI Nation A)
GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading (2) After loading Means of transportation Before unloading (1)(3) After unloading
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point prior
to each convoy/train and
after change of feed tank.
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers
certificate of analysis.
Any discrepancies are to be identified and
investigated None

 Type C on 1 sample for
each compartment of the mean of transportation.
Results to be checked with
the C- certificate of
analysis from issuing
tank.  Type B1 on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time (required
only when the delivery is
made through a Non-
dedicated means only or doubt exists on the integrity of the supply)
 Type C+ if no B1
performed on reception tank.
 Type C on in-line sample
at the delivery point of the issuing depot.
 Type B1 on in-line
sample at the delivery point of issuing (4)
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers certificate of analysis.
Any discrepancies are to
be identified and
investigated None
Type C on in-line sample
taken at the start, middle and end of the delivery.
 Results to be checked
with the B1 certificate of
analysis from issuing
tank.  Type B1 on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time (required
only when the delivery is
made through a Non-
dedicated means only or doubt exists on the integrity of the supply)

Type C+ if no B1
performed on reception tank.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-41
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading (2) After loading Means of transportation Before unloading (1)(3) After unloading
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point. None  Type C on 1 sample for
each compartment
 Results to be checked
with the C-certificate of
analysis from issuing tank.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water
using water-finding paste. Type B2 on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers release
certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.
(1) The density measured during the type C analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in certificate from the issuin g tank. If the
difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, a contamination may have been occurred and investigation shall be done to explain this
difference. (2) The Type C analysis shall be performed by Nation A or Nation B/NPSS (agreement between the two parties) in the presence of each party’s
representatives.
(3) The Type C analysis shall be performed by receiving party.
(4) Performed by the relevant NPSS if responsible for the transportation.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-42
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-20: BFI Nation A to BFI Nation B or NPSS (Custody transfer point at the entry point of BFI Nation B)
GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading (2) After loading Means of transportation Before unloading (1)(3) After unloading
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point prior
to each convoy/train and
after change of feed tank.
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers
certificate of analysis.
Any discrepancies are to be identified and
investigated None

 Type C on 1 sample for
each compartment of the mean of transportation.
 Results to be checked
with the C- certificate of
analysis from issuing
tank.  Type B1 on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time (required
only when the delivery is
made through a Non-
dedicated means only or doubt exists on the integrity of the supply)
 Type C+ if no B1
performed on reception tank.
 Type C on in-line sample
at the delivery point of the issuing depot.
 Type B1 on in-line
sample at the delivery point of issuing (4)
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers certificate of analysis.
Any discrepancies are to
be identified and
investigated None
Type C on in-line sample
taken at the start, middle and end of the delivery.
 Results to be checked
with the B1 certificate of
analysis from issuing
tank.  Type B1 on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time (required
only when the delivery is
made through a Non-
dedicated means only or doubt exists on the integrity of the supply)

Type C+ if no B1
performed on reception tank.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-43
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading (2) After loading Means of transportation Before unloading (1)(3) After unloading
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point. None  Type C on 1 sample for
each compartment
 Results to be checked
with the C-certificate of
analysis from issuing tank.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water
using water-finding paste. Type B2 on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.
 Results to be checked
with the suppliers release
certificate. Any
discrepancies are to be
identified and
investigated.
(1) The density measured during the type C analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in certificate from the issuin g tank. If the
difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, a contamination may have been occurred and investigation shall be done to explain this
difference. (2) The Type C analysis shall be performed by Nation A.
(3) The Type C analysis shall be performed by Nation A or Nation B/NPSS (agreement between the two parties) in the presence of each party’s
representatives
(4) Performed by the relevant NPSS if responsible for the transportation.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-44
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-21: Civilian pipeline system to Nato Pipeline and Storage System (NPSS)

GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67

Civilian system  Type A on in line
sample performed by
NPSS NPSS

Table E-22: BFI to Military Fuel station (custody transfer point at the delivery point of BFI: to be determined physically).

Ground Fuels: F-54/F-67

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transp ortation Before unloading After unloading
 Visual test at the loading
point at the first fuelling of the day and after change
of feed tank.  Visual test on 1 sample
(all levels or drain) for
each compartment of the
mean of transportation
after a minimum 10
minutes settling
none B-2 (periodically)

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-45
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-23: BFI to Military Fuel Station(Cust ody transfer point at the entry point of the Military Fuel Station: to be determin ed physically)

GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of tran sportation Before unloading After unloading
none none  Type C on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) for each compartment of the mean of transportation.
 Results to be checked
with the certificate of
analysis of the issuing
tank. Any discrepancies
are to be identified and
investigated.
 Retain sample by
transporter (all levels or
drain) for each
compartment of the
mean of transportation. B-2 (periodically)

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-46
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-24: (Deployable) BFI to Military Ground equipment

GROUND Fuels: F-54/F-67

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transp ortation Before unloading After unloading
 Visual test at the loading
point at the first fuelling of the day and after change of feed tank.  Visual test on 1 sample
(all levels or drain) for each compartment of the mean of transportation after a minimum 10
minutes settling

none none
 Visual test at the loading
point at the first fuelling of the day and after change
of feed tank none
none none
 Visual test at the loading
point at the first fuelling of the day and after change
of feed tank none

pump/filtration unit none none

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-47
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
8 Naval Fuels flowcharts

Table E-25: Supplier Fuel Terminal to bulk fuel installation (B FI) (custody transfer point at the delivery point of the Supplie r Fuel Terminal: to be
determined physically).
NAVAL Fuels: F-75/F-76

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of trans portation Before unloading (1) Reception tank
 Each cargo compartment
to be sounded for water using water finding paste
before loading.
 Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.
 Retain sample from the
custody transfer point.  Type C on each
compartment.
 Type C+ on ship
composite sample.  Type C+ on 1
representative sample for each compartment.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for
water using water-finding
paste.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier.
 C+ on a composite
sample (representing
maximum 5 tanks) to be
compared with the original type A issued from the supplier for
temporary acceptance
(product to be introduced
into a NATO pipeline and
storage system.  Type B2on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.
 Type B2 on in-line
sample or on each consolidated tank after
settling time for definitive
acceptance (NPSS).
 Only tankers transporting
one type of product will
be accepted into a NATO pipeline system, except
for military tankers.
Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type B2
is acceptable for terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-48
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
NAVAL Fuels: F-75/F-76

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of trans portation Before unloading (1) Reception tank
Commercial industry practices shall be applied
(Ex : sampling and analysis during loading)

Table E-25 concluded on page E-37
 Type C+ on in-line
sample (mono product connected installation)
 Type B-1 on in-line
sample (NATO multi-product connected installation) (2)
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier. Check that
density is within 3 kg/m
3
Retain sample if applicable
as per contract.
 Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.  Type B2 on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time (NATO pipeline systems and
multi-products system
only).
 Type B2 performed on
reception tank.
(1) The density, corrected to 15°C, measured during the type C+ analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in the su pplier certificate.
If the difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, the product shall not be discharged until the discrepancy has been resolved to the
customer’s satisfaction.. (2) Performed by the relevant NATO pipeline and storage system.

Table E-25 concluded
Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type B2
is acceptable for terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-49
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-26: Supplier fuel terminal to BFI (custody transfer point at the entry point of the BFI: to be determined physically)

NAVAL Fuels: F-75/F-76

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Mean s of transportation Before unloading (1) Reception tank
none none  Type C+ on 1 representative
sample for each compartment.
 Retain sample by the
transporter (all levels or drain)
for each compartment of the
mean of transportation).
 Each cargo compartment is to
be sounded for water using
water-finding paste.  Type B2 on all level
sample taken in
every reception
tank after settling
time.
none none
 Type C+ on in-line sample.
 In line retain sample by the
transporter.
 Check certificate of analysis
issued by the supplier.  Type B2on all level
sample taken in
every reception
tank after settling
time (NPSS and multi-products
system only).
 Type B2 performed
on a representative
sample from
reception tank.
(1) The density, corrected to 15°C, measured during the type C+ analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in the su pplier certificate.
If the difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, the product shall not be discharged until the discrepancy has been resolved to the
customer’s satisfaction.
Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type B2
is acceptable for terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-50
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-27: Supplier Fuel Terminal to Military Supply Ship – Custody transfer point at the Supplier Fuel Terminal

NAVAL Fuels: F-75/F-76

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transpor tation Before unloading (1) Reception tank
 Type C+ on in-line
sample at the loading
point prior to each convoy
and after change of feed
tank.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier. None  Type C+ on 1
representative sample (all
levels or drain) for each
compartment of the mean of transportation.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier. One copy per
truck.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after
settling time.
 Type C+ on in-line
sample. None  Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier.
 If the pipeline is one of
the NPSS, and if a
buffering tank has been
used during the transport,
a B-1 test will be
performed on the tank by
NPSS.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after settling time.
Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type B2
is acceptable for terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-51
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
 Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.
 Retain sample at the
custody transfer point.  Type C+ on each
compartment.
 Type C+ on ship
composite sample.  Type C+ on 1
representative sample for each compartment.

 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water using water-finding paste.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.
Commercial industry practices shall be applied
(Ex : sampling and analysis during loading)
(1) The density, corrected to 15°C, measured during the type C+ analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in the su pplier certificate.
If the difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, the product shall not be discharged until the discrepancy has been resolved to the
customer’s satisfaction.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-52
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-28: Supplier Fuel Terminal to Military War Ship – Custody transfer point at the Supplier Fuel Terminal

NAVAL Fuels: F-75/F-76

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transpor tation Before unloading (1) Reception tank
 Type C+ on in-line
sample at the loading
point prior to each convoy
and after change of feed tank.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier. none  Type C+ on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) for each
compartment of the mean
of transportation.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier. One copy per
truck.  National standard or
minimum Type C+ on all
level sample taken in every reception tank after
settling time.

 Type C+ on in-line
sample. none  Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier.
 If the pipeline is one of
the NPSS, and if a buffering tank has been
used during the transport,
a B-1 test will be
performed on the tank by
NPSS.  National standard or
minimum Type C+ on all
level sample taken in
every reception tank after
settling time.

Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type B2
is acceptable for terminal (non refinery
location) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-53
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
 Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.
 Retain sample at the
custody transfer point.  Type C on each
compartment.
 Type B1 on ship
composite sample.  Type C+ on 1
representative sample for each compartment.

 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water using water-finding paste.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.  National standard or
minimum Type C+ on all
level sample taken in
every reception tank after
settling time.

Commercial industry practices shall be applied
(Ex : sampling and analysis during loading)
(1) The density, corrected to 15°C, measured during the type C+ analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in the su pplier certificate.
If the difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, the product shall not be discharged until the discrepancy has been resolved to the
customer’s satisfaction.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-54
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

Table E-29: Supplier Fuel Terminal to Military Supply ship – Custody transfer point at the military ship

NAVAL Fuels: F-75/F-76

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transportation Before unloading (1) Reception tank
none none  Type C+ on 1 sample for
each compartment.
 Retain sample by the
transporter (all levels or
drain) for each
compartment of the mean
of transportation).
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water
using water-finding paste. Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.
none none  Type C+ on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) for each
compartment of the mean
of transportation.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier. One copy per
truck.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.
Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type
B2 is acceptable for terminal (non
refiner y location ) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-55
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
none none  Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.
 If the pipeline is one of
the NPSS, and if a buffering tank has been
used during the transport,
a B-1 test will be
performed on the tank by NPSS.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after
settling time.
(1) The density, corrected to 15°C, measured during the type C+ analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in the su pplier certificate.
If the difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, the product shall not be discharged until the discrepancy has been resolved to the
customer’s satisfaction

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-56
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-30: Supplier Fuel Terminal to Military War Ship – Custody transfer point at the military ship

NAVAL Fuels: F-75/F-76

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transportation Before unloading (1) Reception tank
none none  Type C+ on 1
representative sample for
each compartment.
 Retain sample by the
transporter (all levels or
drain) for each
compartment of the mean
of transportation).
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water
using water-finding paste. National standard or
minimum Type C+ on
all level sample taken in
every reception tank
after settling time.
none none  Type C+ on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) for each
compartment of the mean
of transportation.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier. One copy per
truck.  National standard or
minimum Type C+ on
all level sample taken in
every reception tank
after settling time.
Each batch issued from a Suppliers
refinery storage shall have been
subjected to a Type A test. A Type
B2 is acceptable for terminal (non
refiner y location ) recertification.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-57
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
none none  Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.
 If the pipeline is one of
the NPSS, and if a buffering tank has been
used during the transport,
a B-1 test will be
performed on the tank by NPSS.  National standard or
minimum Type C+ on
all level sample taken in every reception tank
after settling time.
(1) The density, corrected to 15°C, measured during the type C+ analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in the su pplier certificate.
If the difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, the product shall not be discharged until the discrepancy has been resolved to the
customer’s satisfaction

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-58
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-31: BFI Nation A to military Supply ship Nation A

NAVAL Fuels: F-75/F-76

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transp ortation Before unloading Reception tank
 Type C+ on in-line
sample.  Type C on 1
representative sample for
each compartment.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water
using water-finding paste.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.  Type C+on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.
 Type C+ on in-line
sample at the loading
point prior to each convoy
and after change of feed tank.  Type C on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) for each compartment of the mean of transportation.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type C+ or B1 or B2) from the issuing
tank  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after
settling time.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-59
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
 Type C+ on in-line
sample.  Type C on in-line sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.
 If the pipeline is one of
the NPSS, and if a
buffering tank has been
used during the transport,
a B-1 test will be
performed on the tank by NPSS.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after settling time.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-60
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-32: BFI Nation A to military War ship Nation A

NAVAL Fuels: F-75/F-76

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transp ortation Before unloading Reception tank
 Type C+ on in-line
sample.  Type C+ on 1
representative sample for
each compartment.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for water
using water-finding paste.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier.  National standard or
minimum Type C+ on
all level sample taken in
every reception tank
after settling time.
 Type C+ on in-line
sample at the loading point prior to each convoy and after change of feed tank.  Type C+ on 1 sample (all
levels or drain) for each compartment of the mean
of transportation.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type C+ or B1
or B2) from the issuing
tank  National standard or
minimum Type C+ on
all level sample taken in every reception tank after settling time.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-61
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
 Type C+ on in-line
sample.  Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.
 If the pipeline is one of
the NPSS, and if a buffering tank has been
used during the transport,
a B-1 test will be
performed on the tank by NPSS.  National standard or
minimum Type C+ on
all level sample taken in every reception tank
after settling time.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-62
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-33: BFI Nation A to Military Supply ship Nation B (Custody transfer point at the delivery point of BFI Nation A).

NAVAL Fuels: F-75/F-76

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading (2) After loading M eans of transportation Before unl oading (1) (3) Reception tank
 Type C on in-line sample
at the loading point prior
to each convoy/train and
after change of feed tank.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type C+ or B1 or B2) from the issuing tank.
none
 Type C+ on 1
representative sample (all levels or drain) for each compartment of the mean of transportation.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type C+ or B1
or B2) from the issuing tank.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after settling time (Non-
dedicated means only or
doubt on the dedication).
 .
 Type C on in-line sample
at the delivery point of
the issuing depot.
 Type B1 on in-line
sample at the delivery
point of issuing none  Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type C+ or B1
or B2) from the issuing tank.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time (NPSS and
Multi-products system
only).

 Type C on in-line
sample. none  Type C+ on 1
representative sample
for each compartment.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for
water using water-finding  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-63
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
paste.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier.
(1) The density, corrected to 15°C, measured during the type C+ analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in the su pplier certificate.
If the difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, the product shall not be discharged until the discrepancy has been resolved to the
customer’s satisfaction
(2) The type C analysis shall be performed by Nation A. (3) The Type C+ analysis shall be performed by Nation A or Na tion B (as per agreement between t he two parties) in the presence of each
party’s representatives.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-64
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-34: BFI Nation A to Military War ship Nation B (Cust ody transfer point at the deliv ery point of BFI Nation A).

NAVAL Fuels: F-75/F-76

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading (2) After loading M eans of transportation Before unl oading (1) (3) Reception tank
 Type C+ on in-line
sample at the loading point prior to each convoy/train and after
change of feed tank.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type C+ or B1
or B2) from the issuing
tank.
none
 Type C+ on 1
representative sample (all levels or drain) for each compartment of the
mean of transportation.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type C+ or B1
or B2) from the issuing
tank.  National standard or
minimum Type C+ on all
level sample taken in
every reception tank after
settling time.
 Type C+ on in-line
sample at the delivery point of issuing none  Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type C+ or B1
or B2) from the issuing
tank.  National standard or
minimum Type C+ on all
level sample taken in
every reception tank after
settling time.
 Type C+ on in-line
sample. none  Type C+ on 1
representative sample for
each compartment.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for
water using water-finding  National standard or
minimum Type C+ on all
level sample taken in
every reception tank after
settling time.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-65
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
paste.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the
supplier.
(1) The density, corrected to 15°C, measured during the type C+ analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in the su pplier certificate.
If the difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, the product shall not be discharged until the discrepancy has been resolved to the
customer’s satisfaction
(2) The type C analysis shall be performed by Nation A.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-66
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-35: BFI Nation A to Military Supply ship Nation B (Custody transfer point at the military Supply ship).

NAVAL Fuels: F-75/F-76

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading (2) After loading M eans of transportation Before unl oading (1) (3) Reception tank
 Type C+ on in-line
sample at the loading point prior to each
convoy/train and after
change of feed tank.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type A or B1 or B2) from the issuing tank.
none
 Type C+ on 1
representative sample (all levels or drain) for each compartment of the
mean of transportation.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type C+ or B1
or B2) from the issuing
tank.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after
settling time (Non-
dedicated means only or
doubt on the dedication).
 .
 Type C+ on in-line
sample at the delivery point of issuing none  Type C+ on in-line
sample.
 Check certificate of
analysis (Type C+ or B1
or B2) from the issuing
tank.  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every reception tank after
settling time (NPSS and
Multi-products system
only).


 Type C+ on in-line
sample. none  Type C+ on 1
representative sample for
each compartment.
 Each cargo compartment
is to be sounded for  Type C+ on all level
sample taken in every
reception tank after
settling time.

Each batch issued from a BFI shall
have been subjected to a Type A o r
a Type B1 or a Type B2 .

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-67
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
water using water-finding
paste.
 Check certificate of
analysis issued by the supplier.
(1) The density, corrected to 15°C, measured during the type C+ analysis is to be compared with the density mentioned in the su pplier certificate.
If the difference between the two figures is above 3 kg/m3, the product shall not be discharged until the discrepancy has been resolved to the
customer’s satisfaction (2) The type C analysis shall be performed by Nation A. (3) The Type C+ analysis shall be performed by Nation A or Na tion B (as per agreement between t he two parties) in the presence of each
party’s representatives.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX E to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

E-68
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Table E-37: Supply ship to War ship

NAVAL Fuels: F-75/F-76

DEPARTURE ARRIVAL
Before loading After loading Means of transp ortation Before unlo ading Reception tank
Type C+ on in-line sample. none
none  National standard or
minimum Type C+ on all
level sample taken in
every reception tank after
settling time.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX F to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

F-1
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Quality Control Procedures in Compromised Circumstances

Definition
1. The notion of a "Compromised Circumstance" applie s to any situation in which it is not practicable
to undertake or complete the level of analysis normally made in a laboratory, required in support of
the routine procedures of quality control.
2. Such conditions may be encountered during a nations undertakings either at home or whilst on
deployment within the framework of operations, exercises or normal activities. The following
paragraphs offer a guide to the various means which may be implemented in compromised
circumstances, so that as far as is feasibly possible routine procedures as defined in this STANAG
can be met. Criteria, with which the relevant authority is to rely on to grant the authorisation to
operate fuels under these conditions, are also described.

Absence of any means of analysis

3. Only under extreme operational circumstances should fuel that has not been tested in accordance
with the requirements of Annex C be used. Fuel is an important enabler and failure to meet a
certain degree of quality may jeopardise the successful operation of equipment.

4. Authorisation to use fuel that has not been subjected to the correct level of analysis is only to be
given by exception and then only to meet operational needs by the relevant authority as defined in
Annex B. The use of uncertificated fuel shall only be permitted following an evidenced based
analysis of the products tr aceability relating to prev ious quality history and ex perience in relation to
the quality of product normally seen at the location including any potential issues associated with
the supply chain. The use of uncertificated fuel shall be notified to all users.

Incomplete means of analysis
5. Under certain circumstances it may not be possible to carry out the full level of analysis as
required by Annex C. This may be due to a number of factors such as equipment failure or an incomplete testing facility being available at the location in which the analysis is taking place. As a consequence it is only possible to provide partial information on the quality of the fuel.

6. Authorisation to use fuel that has only been partially tested must be conducted on an evidenced
based risk assessment by the relevant technical authority as defined in Annex B. Factors that shall be considered, but not limited to when making any assessment on fuel quality are the extent of analysis conducted, traceability of the products pr evious quality history and previous experience in
relation to the quality of product normally seen at the location including any potential issues associated with the supply chain.

Field analysis means

7. Field laboratories

7.1. Some nations and commercial companies provide portable field laboratories for the
analysis of fuels. These may take the form of being incorporated into an ISO container or be capable of being assembled from their transportation cases in any location such as a military vehicle or tent. In the majority of instances they contain equipment capable of providing a ‘B’ type analysis and in some cases they may even be capable of being able to provide a full type ‘A’ service. It should also be noted that in some cases the instruments

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX F to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

F-2
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
available are of a scaled down type (i.e. micro) to that normally experienced in a laboratory.
These instruments will have been chosen based on their ability to mimic the full scale test
methodology and whilst would not be considered for use in a full scale certification laboratory have been deemed adequate for the work to be completed.

Other means of analysis
7.2. Decision making tools (examples being near-infrared or gas chromatography analytical
processes) comprise equipment for determining a limited number of characteristics relative to
the nature of the fuel and its quality. Knowledge of how these systems work and the level of
their ability must be known before any decision c an be made on the info rmation they provide.
Data produced in this way, shall be supported further with additional evidence. This shall
include, although not limited to an understanding of the assessment undertaken on fuel
quality;

7.2.1.the extent of analysis conducted

7.2.2.traceability of the products

7.2.3.previous quality history and experience from the source of supply and the supply chain

Validity of results
7.3. The results obtained using non standardised laboratory methods shall not be used in cases of
dispute.

7.4. It is the responsibilit y of the relevant authority to estima te the degree of reliability of these
means and to decide to use them.

Decision of fuel use

8. When operating under compromised circumstances decision shall only be made by qualified
personnel as identified in Annex B. Any such decision shall be based on the following;

8.1.Partial results of analysis, when they exist, obtained with standardised methods or decision-
making tools.
8.2.Degree of reliability of the implemented means of analyses. 8.3.The document attesting to the quality of the product, when it was contained in the upstream
storage capacity.

8.4.Results of type-C or C+ analysis which must be conducted systematically by operators prior to
any receiving operation.
8.5.The reliability of upstream logistical means (dedicated logistics or not, cleanliness of
transportation means, degree of confidence in civilian oper ators/civilian me ans, etc.)
8.6.The volume of fuel is to be verified and compared to the original loading document where
available.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX G to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

G-1
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
HANDLING AND SAMPLING FUEL IN PACKED CONTAINERS

General Precautions

1. When filling or emptying an approved container, care is to be taken that all
equipment used is clean, and that adequate pr ecautions are taken to ensure that
foreign matter does not enter the container.

2. When filling a drum by hose, the hose noz zle is to be bonded to the drum and splash
filling is to be minimised as much as is fe asibly possible. Splash filling can lead to
the build up of static electricity in fuels that have poor static dissipation and can result in an explosion if suitable precautions are not taken.

3. Ensure that both bungs are open to allow ai r venting. Filling rates shall not exceed
that requirement stated in API 2003 standard. If additives such as FSII and SDA are introduced, ensure that the concentrati on meets the product specification
requirements.

4. Fuel stored in packed containers is susceptib le to contamination from rust particles
and water. Provided reasonable care is tak en to ensure the removal of any water
and rust particles prior to removing the f uel from the drums no serious defects are
normally found in the operating efficiency of the fuel.

5. New, small, collapsible containers, e.g. “sealed drums” should not be used for the
long term storage of aviation fuels unless previously soaked with the desired product
for at least 24 hours, drained and then refilled.
Marking of Containers

MINIMUM CONTAINER MARKINGS FOR PACKED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
6. It is essential that containers for petroleum products are marked so that;

a. The product they hold may be readily identified in national and NATO supply
systems.

b. The origin and age of the product may be established at any time. c. The hazards associated with the product eg flammable, toxic or corrosive, are clearly indicated.

7. The following common markings are the minimum to be applied to all petroleum
products packed in main base areas or manufacturers’ works and, where possible, to products packed in the field:

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX G to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

G-2
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
a. NATO Marking (NATO code number in accordance with STANAG 1135
enclosed by a rectangle).

b. Nomenclature (product description).
c. * Batch number. d. * Filling date (month and year).

e. * Contract No, or Contractor's name (or initials). f. Particulars of weight or volume of contents.
g. Health and safety and Transportation Dangerous Goods information in
accordance with (inter) national regulations. Where applicable, use of the Global Harmonised System (GHS) shall be made. h. Re-inspect date.

NOTE: * these markings may be in the form of a national code, if so desired.
8. The minimum common marking for products packed in reusable containers (e.g.
Jerricans), in the field is the NATO marking. Additionally, the marking is to be in a position such that the NATO code number is readily seen when the containers are
stacked. Where products are packed in outer containers such as boxes or cartons
these minimum markings are also to be included in the markings placed on the outer container.
9. When used or new containers are filled in the field, all old markings shall be completely
obliterated and the container thoroughly cleaned before being filling. The filled
containers are to be marked as indicated above.
Drum capacity

10. The nominal capacity of a drum is 205 lit res; however, to allow for thermal expansion
an adequate ullage space in the drum shall be provided by only partially filling and shall
be dictated by (inter) national regulations. Observance of the conditions at the intended final point of use should also be considered.

Fuel in Drums/Containers

11. Some locations will receive fuel in drums to meet operational needs and may even
keep it stored in these packages for some months. When fuel is so received and stored, it is to be used on a “first-in-first-out ” basis with regard to date of fill/batch
number to minimize shelf-life and to prevent product deterioration.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX G to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

G-3
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
12. Drums containing fuel should be inspect ed immediately upon receipt. Those received
with broken seals or any bung leaks, shal l be set aside and checked for mishandling
or contamination. Containers found leaking in any part other than at a bung must be
emptied at once through a filter into an intermediate storage tank (this may be
another drum filled in accordance with 2 above). When the possibility of
contamination in connection with bung leaks, or package s received with broken seals
has been eliminated as a result of an invest igation, these containers, too, should be
emptied at the earliest opportunity.

13. A record is to be kept of the information noted on the package, including the new
markings, the date of receipt, and the source of supply. In the event of any signs deterioration being noted on the testing of a sample, this information will aid in the
tracking of stock of the same batch and s ource. This will permit arrangements being
made for the early use or disposal of the entire batch. The record is to be kept for a
minimum of two years or until the batch is consumed, whichever is the longer.

14. Before opening a drum, the bungs and top su rface are to be carefully wiped clean.
After the drums have been placed in the corre ct orientation, a bung wrench is to be
used to remove the bungs.

15. Immediately after drums have been emptied, the bungs must be carefully cleaned
and replaced in the drum to prevent the escape of fuel vapours and to safeguard against the accumulation of moisture and foreign substances inside the drum. The
bung must be screwed in tightly using a new gasket when available. If new gaskets
are not available, care must be taken to preserve the old gasket for this purpose.
When screwing in the bungs, care must be taken to avoid the stripping of the
threads. The empty drums must be promptly removed from the immediate vicinity.
Container Storage

16. Whenever possible, containers should be stored under cover, in a cool place where air
is permitted to circulate.
17. 25 litre drums.
17.1. Indoors. Stacked upright with each tier inset half a drum (Figure 1).
Where the design of the drum makes this method impracticable, the drums are to be stacked immediately on top of each other. The height is not to exceed 5 tiers.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX G to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

G-4
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

FIGURE 1 SHOWING STACKED 25 LITRE CONTAINERS

17.2. Outdoors. Belly stack in rows of 2 butt to butt and up to 5 tiers high (Figure 2).
Filler caps are to face outwards just below the liquid le vel in the drums. Bungs are to
be inspected before stacking. A lane 2 m wide is to be left between each double row.

FIGURE 2 SHOWING BELLY STACKED CONTAINERS

FIGURE 3 200 LITRE DRUM PREPARED FOR SAMPLING

18. Large Drums in Excess of 25 Litres.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX G to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

G-5
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

18.1. They should be stored either upright or ‘belly stacked’ on their side (Figure 2 and
3). When belly stacked bungs shall be in a horizontal position so leaks may be
detected and/or eliminated (that is at the 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock positions) with the
bung seals immersed in the fuel. If stored upright the drums must be covered to prevent water contamination or must be slightly slanted to keep water from covering the bungs, see figures 1 and 2. If stored on a concrete floor, the floor should be sloped to permit controlled and contained drainage.

18.2. Where it is necessary to store drums in the open they are to be arranged in rows
of 2, butt to butt, with the end bungs outward. Normally they should be stored 1 tier high but if real estate does not permit this then 3 tiers is acceptable in groups totalling no more than 50 dr ums. Ensure drums are st ored on hard dry standings
otherwise their weight will c ause them to sink and rust will form. Each group shall
only include drums of the same batch.
19. Jerricans.
19.1. These are to be stored where possible upright to avoid leakage from closures.
Jerricans can be stacked up to 4 tiers high but where real estate permits, 2 tiers
upright should be provided for ease of working and extraction of leakers. On uneven ground belly stacking may prove necessary (Figure 4) and if this is the case then closures are to be uppermost. Jerricans can be belly stacked up to 10 tiers high.

FIGURE 4 SHOWING BELLY STACKED JERRICANS

20. Jerricans shall not, under normal circum stances, be used for the storage of aviation
fuels.
21. In the selection of the container storage site and the method of storage at units,
consideration must be given to accessibility, environment, protection against fire and
theft, as well as the protection of containers from corrosion and rust.
Quality Control

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX G to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

G-6
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
22. Every 12 months after the filling date, a representative sample from each batch shall
be sent to a laboratory for testing to verify that the fuel continues to conform to its
specification.

23. When sampling from more than one aviati on fuel containers, a representative,
composite sample shall be drawn from eac h individual batch. One in 10 containers
shall be sampled (e.g., if there are 8 drums in stock, 1 shall be sampled; if there are 45 drums, 5 samples shall be taken and a composite of equal parts of these shall be
made).

24. It is not permissible to mix samples from different batches in the preparation of a
composite.

25. If the test results are within specific ation limits and show no change in comparison
with the original test certificate or STANAG 1110, the fuel may be kept for an
additional 12 months. If acceptable deteriorati on is noted this fuel shall be used in
priority over all other stocks. Records shal l be maintained indicating the test results
and the fuels new re-test date. Records are to be kept for a minimum of two years. Fuel no longer meeting specification shall be either downgraded or disposed of in
accordance with applicable regulations and the original drum markings shall be
changed accordingly.
Sampling Fuel from Containers

26. Prior to drawing a sample from a contai ner, where feasible the container shall be
placed in a tilted position on a support block so that the large bung is in the uppermost position for a minimum of 10 min to allow the contents to settle (Figure 3).

27. To take a sample, first remove the bung and place it beside the bunghole, with the wet
side up. Then flush a clean and dry glass sampling thief or bonded metal tube with the
product to be sampled by following the procedure below;

27.1.Insert the open end (lower) of the clean, dry glass thief or bonded metal tube into
the fluid to be sampled to a depth of approximately 150 mm (6 in), with the opposite (upper) end closed.

27.2.Open the upper end by removing the obstruction and allow the liquid to flow into
the tube.
27.3.Close the upper end and withdrawing the glass thief or bonded metal tube.
27.4.Flush the glass thief or bonded metal tube by holding it horizontally and turning it
to ensure that the liquid makes contact with the entire inner surface.
27.5.Drain and dispose of the rinsing fluid in an acceptable manner.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX G to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

G-7
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Note: Handling any part of the tube that will be immersed in the fuel during the sampling
operation should be avoided.
28. To draw a representative sample (e.g. for a retest sample), lower the freshly
prepared glass thief or bonded metal sampling tube into the fuel, with the upper end open, at such a rate that the level of the liquid inside the tube is approximately even with the level outside, so that the full depth of liquid is sampled. Place a thumb on the open end, quickly withdraw the tube, and transfer the contents to the prepared
sample container. Repeat until the requir ed volume has been withdrawn taking care
not to disturb the fuel in the drum as much as possible.
29. To draw a bottom sample, lower the freshly prepared glass thief or bonded metal
tube into the fuel, with the upper end closed with a bung or your thumb. When the
tube reaches the bottom, remove the bung/thumb and allow the tube to fill. Close the
open end with the bung or thumb, and quickly withdraw the tube and transfer the
contents to the sample container. Repeat until the required volume has been withdrawn taking care not to disturb the f uel in the drum as much as possible.
Water in Fuel

30. All fuel obtained in drums is to be sus pected of being contaminated with water.
Water detection tests are to be carried out usin g a chemical test kit such as the Shell
Water Detection capsule, Hydrokit or Aqua-glo on a bottom sample.

31. If free water is detected it should be remov ed by means of a sample tube or a drum
thief. If this equipment is not available special care must be exercised when removing the fuel from the drum (for example, tilt the drum so that the water will gather away from the area where the pum p standpipe will be, or, keep the standpipe
at least 5 cm (2 in.) from the bottom of the water level). Alternatively, the drum can be marked as being contaminated and the f uel disposed of in accordance with
applicable regulations.

32. Regardless of the type of pump to be used (hand operated or electric) to deliver fuel
from the drum to the aircraft, the fuel must pass through an approved Filter Water Separator prior to entering the aircraft fuel tank. The standpipe of the pump shall
have a diagonal cut-away at the bottom to ensure that suction is lost before the drum
is completely empty.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-1
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
CLEANLINESS REQUIREMENTS

CONTENTS PARAGRAPH No.

General 1
Tankage
Segregation Settling times
Pipelines and pipeline transfers
Hoses
Critical contamination factors 2 – 14
15 – 16 17 – 18
19 – 21
22 – 23
24 and Table H-1
Change of grade 25-28
Stora
ge tanks
Military Fuels (white grade to white grade) Table H-2
Other changes of grade 29
Waterborne transport
Tankers and barges, recommended cleanliness
requirements for loading of military fuels 30 – 40 and
Table H-3
Dispensers and hydrant systems 41- 43 and Table H-4

GENERAL

1. Cleanliness is essential throughout the Fuel Supply Chain. Failure to meet the
requirements in this annex may have a serious impact on fuel quality. In general
the requirements for aviation fuel are the most severe compared with those for
ground and naval fuels. As one of the aviation fuels covered in this document is intended for use on board of aircraft carrying ships, one must take into account that
the term "air bases" used in this STANAG includes aircraft carriers and any other ships designed or adapted to carry and refuel aircraft.

TANKAGE

2. Before any internal coating or protective treatment is used in any tank, the qualified
national authorities must approve its suitability for use with the products stored in
the tank, also in the case that, deliberately or not deliberately, freshwater or
seawater is present at the same time.

3. All new and replacemen t tankage at airbases, that is normally used for direct filling
of refuelling vehicles or which directly serve hydrant refue lling points, other than
those constructed of non-corrodible material, shall be internally coated.

4. This coating must be approved by the qualified national authorities for use with the
products stored in the tank, also in the case that, deliberately or not, freshwater or
seawater is present at the same time.

4.1 In cases where uncoated tanks are in use and are likely to remain in use at an
airbase, they should be internally coated as opportunity permits.

5. All fuel tankage that has been cleaned, or that is newly installed, shall be flushed
and/or soaked, to ascertain that all cleaning/build materials have been removed

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-2
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
and that any newly applied lining has cured and are now suitable for receiving and
storage of product without having a detrimental effect on product quality. Sampling
and testing of fuel is required prior to commissioning newly installed tanks or
bladders. The required testing level is a B-2 test for all products plus an MSEP for
F-35.

6. Internal Preservation. In any fuel installation likely to be out of service for 4 months
or more, pumps, fans, motors etc are to be given adequate protection, either in situ
or by transferring to storage. All tanks shall be isolated, cleaned, and dried.
Additionally:

6.1 Aviation fuel tanks have to be sealed.

6.2 Water-displacing fluids shall not be used for the internal protection of aviation
fuel tanks, as they are difficult to remove completely and will affect the fuels
natural ability to separate water.

6.3 All other tanks shall be protected internally with a suitable water displacing
fluid.

7. Use of Zinc and Copper Compounds in Contact with Fuel. The internal protection
of pipelines, storage tanks and other equipment used for aviation fuels, with
protective treatments containing zinc is prohibited.

7.1 Zinc chromate can be used as a primer provided that it is overcoated with an
approved epoxy finish coat.
7.2 The use of copper and copper alloys are prohibited, select materials such as
stainless steel.
8. Railcars, (road) truck tanks and refue lling vehicle tanks shall be made of corrosion
resistant materials or mild steel internally coated with a material approved by the
national authority. All types of vehicles and tanks are to be kept dedicated to one
product wherever possible. Where this is not possible the appropriate change of
grade procedures as identified in Table H-2 shall be followed before filling the
vehicle/tank with the new product to be carried. In addition the following should be
maintained:

8.1 Blanking caps are to be fitted to all filling and discharge connections when not
in use.

8.2 Domes of railcars and all tank vehicles are to be secured and sealed
immediately after filling.

8.3 Prior to discharge into storage, a settling time of 20 minutes is to be imposed
before the quality of the consignment is to be checked (see Table H-1)

9. Tanks of all vehicles and railcars are to be inspected internally at intervals not
exceeding 24 months. In cases where legal requirements require a more frequent
periodicity of inspection, then these shall prevail. They are to be cleaned internally

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-3
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
as necessary, and in the case of internally protected tanks, any defects in the
protective lining are to be remedied immediately.

10. Water removal. A suitable means of removal of accumulated water is to be
provided in any tankage construction, whether fixed or deployable. Unless
specifically authorised by the appropriate authority, the use of water bottoms is
prohibited for the storage of aviation fuels.

11. Tanks containing static stocks should be checked for presence of free bottom water
at least weekly and any water found should be removed immediately. Proper
draining is essential to maintain the cleanliness and the quality of all fuels.

12. Any water that cannot be removed by routinely draining should be sampled and
examined visually for evidence of microbiological activity. The presence of slime at
the water interface or cloudiness should be investigated to establish whether
microbiological organisms are present. If microbiological activity is confirmed,
action shall be taken in accordance with STANAG 7063 to eradicate the problem.
13. In all cases, excess water shall in all cases be drawn off before any fuel transfer.
14. Tank cleaning. Tankage shall be clea ned when there is evidence from product
samples, internal inspections or sludge tests, that a tank is excessively dirty with
rust or sludge. The cleaning of tanks as part of a planned inspection scheme, to
ascertain the mechanical integrity of the tank, is specified by STANAG 3609.

SEGREGATION

15. All products are to be positively segregated from one another and all issues shall
be made through a segregated system. Segregation of approved products is to be by positive means, e.g. a blank flange, spectacle plate, spool piece or double valve with an open drain. Segregation by a single valve only is prohibited.

16. Whenever possible, bulk storage tanks are to be used for one product only. Where
it is necessary to change the use of a tank from one product to another the
appropriate change of grade procedures as identified in Table H-2 shall be
followed.

SETTLING TIME

17. After receipt of fresh stocks, the maximum practible settling time should be allowed
in bulk storage tankages , in order to permit settlement of water and solid matter.

Minimum settling period for gasolines (aviation and automotive): 1.5 hours per metre

Minimum settling period for aviation turbine fuels: 3.0 hours per metre

Minimum settling period after bunkering for all fuels aboard ship: 24 hours

18. Where systems are constructed to prevent t he introduction of contaminants into or
the formation of contaminants within the system, the settling time may be reduced

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-4
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
to a total of 2 hours for the entire tank contents before issues can be made. In this
type of design, fuel shall enter the storage tank through filter separators, all internal
surfaces of pipelines and tanks shall be constructed from non-corrodible materials
and the system is equipped with continuous quality monitors. In case no continuous
quality monitors are present, separate sampling and analysis of the sample is
required before issues can be made.
PIPELINES AND PIPELINE TRANSFERS

19. Pipeline Condition Checks. Pipelines shall be kept clean by pig cleaning or other
suitable means. The internal condition of the pipelines should be monitored and
checked by testing product samples, by examining spool pieces, or by periodic
evaluation of statistical data.

20. 'Pumping procedures. The highest safe and practical pumping rate throughput shall
be adopted. Adequate measures to prevent electrostatic discharge hazards shall
be taken. In all events the following shall be observed:

20.1 The product must be moved at turbulent flow rate.
20.2 Pumping interruptions and variations in the throughput rate, shall be limited as
far as is practically possible.

20.3 The pipeline shall whenever practicable be kept full of product and be
maintained under pressure.

21. Multi-Product Operations. During multi-product operations the following steps shall
be taken:

21.1 Pumping is to be continuous whenever possible, up to the moment when only
one fuel type is left in the line between block valves or depots.

21.2 The progress of the interface in the pipeline shall be followed carefully so that
the receiving depot or installation can be informed in sufficient time of the
arrival of the interface.

21.3 The arrival of the interface shall be carefully monitored. Only pure product cuts
shall be made, except in a situation as described in the next line.

21.4 The interface shall be received into an interface tank unless previously
approved procedures permit disposal through direct injection into a lower
grade product with the assurance that the resultant mixture will be within the
applicable product specification or authorised control limits.

21.5 Re-injection of the interface into product shall be carried out only when a
pumping operation is in progress and under laboratory control.

21.6 Re-injection of interfacial mixtures shall not be made into fuel being delivered
directly to users.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-5
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
21.7 Specific caution is brought to avoid any cross-contamination: control of the
valves, installation of double bleed valves, flushing of the dead legs, etc.

21.8 Special attention is required for pumping fuel with polar bio-components, such
as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME). The polar nature of the bio-component
adheres to the pipeline material and causes a forward creep and a backward
tailing of contaminant. Because of the extremely low, maximum amounts of bio-components that are permitted as a contaminant (especially in aviation
fuels), a thorough evaluation must be made of the complete product transfer
and dispensing system, which shall include connected non-segregated
manifolds. Further information on the possesses for the handling of aviation
fuels in multiproduct systems can be found in bulletins 15, 16, 20, 21 and 26
issued by the Joint Inspection Group that may be found at JIG
.

21.9 The pumping of gasoline containing ethanol requires special attention to
prevent contamination of other products.

HOSES
22. To keep systems clean, all hoses that are not in use must be blanked.

23. Aviation Refuelling Hoses shall comply with STANAG 7029. Hoses shall be used
within 2 years of their cure date or date of manufacture and shall be in-service for a
maximum of 5 years for refuelling vehicles and a maximum of 10 years on loading
fill stands.

24. Refuelling hoses must be flushed in the following situations:
24.1 New Hoses. Before use of a new or re-issued hose, it shall be filled with the
appropriate grade of fuel and left to soak for a minimum of 8 hours at a temperature of 15°C or higher before flushing with at least 2,000 litres of the
fuel to be transferred. Longer soak times are required where the fuel
temperatures are lower. After flushing take a one-litre sample and examine the
fuel visually for excessive discoloration or solids. If the sample indicates
contamination, internally soak the hose for a further three hours, flush with at
least 2,000 litres of the fuel for which the hose will be used. After flushing take
another sample and examine for contamination. Failu re will require additional
internal fuel soaking until the sample is free of contamination.

24.2 Hoses on aircraft refuelling equipment which have not been used for 7 days or
more shall be flushed prior to refuelling an aircraft with a volume of fuel not
less than 3 times the content of the hose.

24.3 All hoses: shall be kept under observation during the refuelling operation. If a
weakness or defect is observed, the refuelling operation is to cease immediately and shall not continue until the hose is replaced.

24.4 Other hoses: in any case where contamination is suspected, for example due
to improper storage, the hose(s) must be flushed with a quantity of fuel equal
to not less than 3 times the volume of the hose.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-6
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
CRITICAL CONTAMINATION FACTORS

25. Table H-1 outlines the major areas of concern that shall be considered when fuels
are received from systems that have been subjected to change of grade
procedures in relation to the previous cargoes carried.

Next Cargo Critical Properties / Contamination
AVIATION GASOLINE See also the critical factors affecting Ground Use Gasoline

Where the last cargo carried is ground use gasoline :
Oxygenates like alcohols and ethers (like MTBE and ETBE), that generally
occur in this gasoline are critical contaminations.

GROUND USE GASOLINE
(Lead free, low Sulphur) Water

Sulphur from any aviation grade
Lead from aviation gasoline’s

Where the last cargo carried was Dyed Kerosene :
Some commercial kerosene’s are powder-dyed after loading. Dye powder can
adhere to bulkheads and become impregnated in scale above the liquid level.
This may subsequently cause white products to not meet specification
requirements with respect to colour.

Where the last cargo carried was either a Distillate fuel, residual fuel,
lube oil or any vegetable or animal oil :
As little as 50 litres of any of these fuels can contaminate up to 1300 m³ of
gasoline by increasing gum content.

KEROSENE (heating oil) Where the last cargo carried was Gasoline :
Small quantities of any gasoline will diminish the flash point rendering it off
specification. Where the last cargo carried was Dyed Kerosene :
Some commercial kerosene’s are powder-dyed after loading. Dye powder can
adhere to bulkheads and become impregnated in scale above the liquid level.
This may subsequently cause white products to not meet specification
requirements with respect to colour.

Where the last cargo was Residual fuel:
Very small quantities of this fuel will cause white products to not meet
specification requirements with respect to colour.
Table H-1 continued on page H-7

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-7
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Next Cargo Critical Properties / Contamination
AVIATION
TURBINE
FUEL Water

Where the last cargo carried was Gasoline :
Small quantities of all gasoline’s (gro und use and aviation) will cause the flash
point and explosivity of most aviation turbine fuels to not meet specification
requirements (only the flashpoint of wide cut aviation turbine fuel will remain
unaffected).
Lead, a common component in aviation gasoline’s, is detrimental to all
aviation turbine fuels.

Where the last cargo carried was Ground diesel fuel or Distillate Fuel:
Small quantities of these fuels will cause these products to not meet
specification requirements with respect to freezing point.
Where these fuels contain bio-components such as FAME, 0.7 litre of B7-fuel
can contaminate 10 m3 of jet fuel which will result in the aviation turbine fuel
having a FAME contamination level in excess of the currently permitted
5mg/kg.

Residual Fuel :
Small quantities of residual fuel will cause these products to not meet
specification requirements with respect to gum content.

HIGH
FLASHPOINT
AVIATION
TURBINE
FUEL See also the critical factors affecting Aviation Turbine Fuel.

Where the last cargo carried was wide cut aviation turbine kerosene (F-
40) or Aviation Turbine Fuel (F-34 / F-35) :
Small quantities of these aviation grades will cause this product to not meet
specification requirements for flashpoint.
DISTILLATE FUEL (ground
use diesel,
marine diesel
fuel, gasoil) Water

Where the last cargo carried was any gasoline:
Small quantities of any gasoline will cause this product to not meet
specification requirements for flashpoint.

Where the last cargo carried was aviation gasoline: Lead, a common component in aviation gasoline’s, is detrimental to all distillate fuels.

Where the last cargo carried was wide cut aviation turbine kerosene and

or Aviation Turbine Fuel or heating kerosene :
Small quantities of these aviation gr ades may cause distillate fuels to not
meet specification requirements for flashpoint. However, high flash point
aviation turbine kerosene F-44 will not affe ct the flashpoint of F-54 / F-75 / F-
76.
Table H-1 concluded on page H-8

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-8
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
Next Cargo Critical Properties / Contamination
DISTILLATE
FUEL (ground
use diesel,
marine diesel
fuel, gasoil)
continued. Where the last cargo carried was any Aviation Turbine Fuel :
The Sulphur content of Low Sulphur distillate fuels may be affected by all
Aviation Turbine Fuels, depending on their Sulphur content, which may be up
to 3000 ppm

Where the last cargo carried was Residual Fuel:
Small quantities of some residual fuels will precipitate sludge in distillate fuels.
Small traces of residual fuel will reduce the water separability of distillate fuels.

Table H-1 (concluded)

CHANGE OF GRADE

26.The following tables outline the minimum actions to be taken when the grade of
product either stored or transported is changed to another grade. Care must always be taken to ensure that following any such action the quality of the new product
either stored or transported is not adversely affected in anyway.

27.The tables will deal with the change of grade for:

27.1 Fixed, deployable and mobile storage in relation to Military Fuels

27.2 Waterborne transport, (tankers, barges and small vessels)

27.3 Dispensers and hydrant systems

28. F-18, aviation gasoline containing lead shall only be stored as packed product and
not in bulk storage. In instances where F-18 is transported and/or stored in bulk, the
national technical authority must evaluate all aspects of the cleanliness
requirements and must issue instructions on the cleanliness measures that are to be taken. In cases of multi-national cooperation, these measures shall be made available to all partner nations concerned, so that a decision can be made on
whether these requirements fulfil the demands of all those involved.

29. F-37 is a thermally stable aviation turbine fuel prepared by the addition of a further
additive to F-34. In the main, F-37 will no t be encountered during multi national
operations. However, if it becomes necessary to defuel aircraft fuelled with F-37
every effort shall be made to return the fuel directly to the original aircraft or another
aircraft capable of using this fuel grade. If this is not possible then it may be diluted
in either F-34 or F-35 provided that the volume of F-37 does not exceed 1% of the
total bulk fuel volume.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-9
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
TABLE H-2 FIXED , DEPLOYABLE AND MOBILE STORAGE

REQUIREMENTS FOR CHANGE OF GRADE OF MILITARY FUELS (whi te grades) IN FIXED AND DEPLOYABLE STORAGE TANKS, IN
RAILCARS, ROADTANK VEHICLES AND REFUELERS

Previous
stored
product
 New
military
grade
product
to be
stored
Non- Leaded
Gasoline

F-67 Turbine Fuel
Aviation
(Kerosene
Type)
F-35
F-34 Turbine Fuel
Aviation (High
Flash Point
Kerosene
Type)
F-44 Turbine Fuel
Aviation
(Wide Cut
Kerosene
Type)

F-40 Heating
Kerosene

F-58 Diesel Fuel

F-54 Diesel Engine
Fuel Kerosine
type

F-63 Naval
Destillate Fuel

F-75
F-76
Non-Leaded Gasoline
F-67

tanks and
railcars : II
roadtankers
and refuelling
vehicles and
bladders: see
Note 1 tanks and
railcars : II
roadtankers
and refuelling
vehicles and
bladders: see
Note 1 tanks and
railcars : I
roadtankers
and refuelling
vehicles and
bladders : see
Note 1 II II II II
Turbine Fuel Aviation
Kerosene Type
F-35 and F-34 II II I I II
I II
Turbine Fuel Aviation
High Flash Point
Kerosene Type
F-44 II I I I I
I I
Turbine Fuel Aviation
Wide Cut Type
F-40 II II II II II
II II

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-10
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

Previous
stored
product
 New
military
grade
product
to be
stored
Non- Leaded
Gasoline

F-67 Turbine Fuel
Aviation
(Kerosene
Type)
F-35
F-34 Turbine Fuel
Aviation (High
Flash Point
Kerosene
Type)
F-44 Turbine Fuel
Aviation
(Wide Cut
Kerosene
Type)

F-40 Heating
Kerosene

F-58 Diesel Fuel

F-54 Diesel Engine
Fuel Kerosine
type

F-63 Naval
Destillate Fuel

F-75
F-76
Kerosene (heating),
undyed
F-58 without bio-
components II I
II I
I
I I
Diesel fuel
F-54 previous
grade with <
15% biocomponent: I

previous
grade with >=
15% bio-
component: II roadtankers,
refuelling
vehicles and bladders: NOT
ALLOWED
Note 1

other storage
media : III roadtankers,
refuelling
vehicles and bladders: NOT
ALLOWED
Note 1

other storage
media : III roadtankers,
refuelling
vehicles and bladders: NOT
ALLOWED
Note 1

other storage
media : III I I III
Diesel Engine Fuel –
kerosine type F-63 I II II II I I III
Naval Destillate Fuel
F-75 and F-76 I II II II I I I
Table H-2 (concluded on page H-11)

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-11
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

There is no change of grade. New loaded prod uct can be filled in storage or transport medium on condition that multi-product lo ading arms
have been flushed with the new product.

In all cases, tanks, lines etc. are to be drained to their fullest practicable extent.
When draining railcars and tank vehicles, attention should be given to sumps, pumps, filters, hoses and other components that a re likely to trap quantities
of liquids.
Loading arms that have previously carried any FAME (Fatty Acid Me thyl Ester) containing biodiesel with up to 5% FAME shall hav e as a minimum at least
one (1) non bio/FAME containing product passed through them prior to the loading of aviation grade fuel. In case of FAME conten t between 5 and 15%: at
least three (3) non bio/FAME containing products as intermediate before loading of any aviation grade fuel. In case of FAME con tent of 15% or more, the
installation is unsuitable for loading aviation grade fuels unless thorough cleaning plus three intermediate products are pumpe d through it.
Manifolds and cargo and/or tank lines shall be cleared as best as practicable

The following change of grade procedures are to be taken as a minimum: I Drain previous grade as best as practicable; fill with desired grade
II Drain previous grade as best as practicable; flush wi th the grade to be loaded, drain, fill with new grade
In the case of large storage tanks flushing may be omitted. Draining shall be accomplished by main suction line, followed by f urther product removal
through the water drain off point to remove the previous product as best as is practically possible. The decision on whether fl ushing or draining of large
tanks must be taken is the responsibility of the Technical Authority and shall be documented. Documents shall be archived for a minimum of 5 years or
at least 20 fillings with the new product.
III In cases where the previous grade was a fuel with a FAME content of < 15 weight%: at least one (1) intermediate filling w ith non FAME containing
grade is required, together with extra cleaning prior to the loading of jet-fuel
In cases where the previous grade was a fuel with a FAME content of >= 15 weight%: at least three (3) intermediate fillings w ith non FAME containing
grades are required, together with extra cleaning prior to loading of jet-fuel
Extra cleaning shall include, but not be limited to a hot water wash (50-60°C), cold water rinse, drain dry and mop.
Note
1 Not applicable for roadtankers, refuellers and bladders, ONLY DEDICATED transport and storage equipment is permitted.

Table H-2 concluded.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-12
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
30. For all situations (white to white or black to white products) that are not represented
in Table H-2 advice shall first be sort from the National Technical Authority before
any change of grade is undertaken. The civilian document HM-50 will provide
guidance on the cleanliness and cleaning requirements. The National Technical
Authority though shall be the final arbiter in such situations. HM-50 is freely available
from the internet at EI HM 50 , see Table 4 of this document for circumstances not
covered Table H-2.

BULK WATERBORNE TRANSPORT

31.This section deals with the transportation of petroleum products in ocean going
cargo vessels, barges and small motor vessels. The term "tankers" when used in
this section shall include ocean going and coastal tankers, barges, fleet
replenishment vessels and refuelling crafts.

32.Tankers shall be used for one product unless the products carried can be contained
in segregated tanks and segregated piping and (un)loading-system. A positive
means of segregation is preferred in these multi product operations. However, if this is not available on the vessel, at least two valves should separate all systems containing different products. In circumstances where different product types are
transported in the same tanker and the products are not subjected to positive
segregation, each compartment is to be checked for contamination prior to off-
loading. Piping and (un)loading systems have to be flushed thoroughly.

33. Fleet replenishment vessel delivery. Replenishment vessels shall take all possible
steps to remove water from their cargoes. Non-aviation fuels delivered by fleet
replenishment vessels shall be filtered in accordance with the standard for the particular product involved, as set forth in Annex I (Filtration)
unless the receiving
ship waives these filtration requirements. Av iation fuels shall allways be filtered in
accordance with the standard for the particular product involved, as set forth in Annex I (Filtration), an exemption is not allowed.

34. Aviation fuels shall only be transported in a vessel in which the tanks and auxiliary
equipment such as pumps, loading arms etc, are dedicated to the transportation
and transfer of these products.

35. In cases where it is unavoidable that aviation fuels are transported within a non-
dedicated vessel, additional precautions have to be taken, with intermediate loads
and cleaning operations, including the pipi ng, pumping and (un-)loading systems, so
as to prevent any deterioration of the aviation fuel carried.

36. In cases aviation fuel has to be transported in a vessel which has transported before
either black products, chemicals, fuels with 15 wt% or more of bio-components, like
FAME, Ethanol, Ethers or non-specified renewable fuel from vegetable or animal
origin, or similar non-white petroleum products, at least three white intermediate cargo’s must have been transported after the last transport of one the previously
mentioned non-white products and before the loading of any aviation fuel, and full
attention must be paid to the cleaning actions that are necessary between the
several loads. Especially polar bio-components like FAME are very persistent and
difficult to remove sufficiently to prevent contamination of aviation fuels.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-13
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
37. In cases aviation fuel has to be transported in a vessel which has transported before
any fuel with bio-components in a concentration of less than 15 wt%, at least one
white intermediate cargo must have been transported between the fuel with bio-
component and the aviation fuel. The other precautions of the paragraph above also
apply.

38. If for the carriage of any military fuel a change of grade is necessary, the tanker
shall be thoroughly cleaned to the standards set out in Table H-3 of this Annex. The
standards in this An nex are limited to military fuels. Table H-3 is based on the
commercial practices for similar civilian gr ades of fuels. These commercial practices
are outlined in The Energy Institute document HM-50 “Guidelines for the cleaning of
tanks and lines for marine tank vessels carrying petroleum and refined products”.
HM-50 is freely available from the internet, EI HM 50 . For all other situations, best
commercial practices from the HM-50 document shall be taken into account and
advice sought from the National Technical Authority.

39. It is recognised that in some instances, machine washing may not be practicable or
possible. In such cases, the National Technical Authority may permit cleaning by other methods which will render the equipment acceptable for the intended cargo.

40. Where the guidelines cannot be applied, transportation of the product(s) shall be
considered as being compromised. In such an event controls before unloading have
to be reinforced: control of all tanks and of the lines (Type A analysis). The National
Technical Authority has to advise on measures to be taken.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-14
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
AVIATION GRADES GROUND USE GRADES NAVAL GRADES
NEW CARGO  F-18
F-34 / F-
35
F-40
F-44
F-54 ultra
low
sulphurF-58
undyed F-63 F-67 ¶ F-75/
F-76 LAST CARGO 
F-18 1 2PM 2M 2PM 2PM 2P 2PM 2PM 2P
F-34/F-35 2 1 1 2PM 2PM 1 1 2PM 2P
F-40 2 2PM 1 2PM 2PM 2P 2PM 2PM 2P
F-44 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2PM 1
F-54 without
FAME 2M 2M 2M 2M 1 1 1 1 1
F-54 with
up to 5% FAME 3M 3M 3M 3M 1 1 1 1 1
F-54 with
5 to 15% FAME, 3M* 3M* 3M* 3M* 1 1 1 1 1
F-54 with 15% or
more FAME X* X* X* X* 1 2 1 2 2
F-58 dyed 2M 1 1 2PM 2M 2 1 2PM 1
F-58 undyed 2M 1 1 2PM 1 1 1 1 1
F-63 2PM 1 1 2PM 2P
F-67 without
Ethanol and
without MTBE /
ETBE † 1 2PM 2M 2PM 2PM 2P 2PM 1 2PM
F-67 with Ethanol
or with MTBE /
ETBE † 3 3PM 3M 3PM 2PM 2P 2PM 1 2PM
F-75/F-76 (without
FAME), undyed 2M 2M 2M 2M 2PM 1 1 1 1

TABLE H-3 TANKERS AND BARGES – CARGO TANKS CLEA NING RECOMMENDATIONS (concluded on page H-15)

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-15
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

Explanation of codes:
X Not to be loaded without special cleaning instructions.
X* Not to be loaded without special cleaning instructions. Three clean
product/zero biological content intermediate cargoes strongly recommended
1 Drain well. Inspect the tank coating. In cases where the tank coating
exhibits evidence of deterioration (damaged coating or proven to have discoloured since previous cargo) then the procedure described under 2M
shall be adopted.
2 Wash with cold sea water and drain well.
3 Wash with hot sea water and drain well
3M* A stringent hot water wash, drain and mop may be sufficient if tanks are in
good condition. As an alternative one clean product/zero biological content
intermediate cargo is strongly recommended, followed by hot water wash,
drain and mop. Fresh water rinse required if seawater is used.
P Purge to below 2 vol-% hydrocarbons
M Gas free, lift scale and mop
# Fresh water rinse after any salt water wash when loading these products
† Benzene may be present in any petroleum product but may be present in
higher concentrations in products marked with †. Refer to ISGOTT for precautions in handling cargo suspected of having a benzene content and
prior to entering a space which has contained such a cargo
Notes – Additional cleaning may be required for tanks with extensive coating
breakdown or where specified
– In case the FAME content in diesel fuel is unknown, it has to be assumed
to be 15%
– Comments regarding FAME also apply to FAEE

TABLE H-3 concluded.

DISPENSERS AND HYDRANT SYSTEMS

41. Dispensers and hydrant systems are dedicated systems for one grade of fuel and
especially those employed in the distribution of aviation fuels. A change of grade
shall only occur as an exception and only undertaken if the change will be
permanent or for a considerable period of time. The adhoc change of grade in
aviation fuelling systems is not permitted.

42. Table H-4 lists only the most likely changes. For changes that are not listed, advice
shall be sort from the National Technical Authority on the appropriate actions to be
taken to ensure that the new grade can be dispensed without risk of affecting product quality, reliability of equipment, safety, health and environmental
requirements.

43. It is assumed that F-37 (F-34 plus an additional thermal stability additive) shall be
blended at point of issue just before the skin of the aircraft and that this fuel is not
present in any tank vehicle, dispenser or hydrant system.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX H to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

H-16
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED

Previous grade
New grade Action
F-34 F-35 None
F-35 F-34 The filter system shall be suitable for the
handling of fuels containing FSII. The use of fuel
filter monitors is forbidden in the handling of F-
34.
F-44 F-34 or F-35 None
F-34 or F-35 F-44 Drain as well as possible to prevent aviation
turbine fuel F-34/F-35 from affecting the flash point of high flash kerosene type aviation turbine fuel.
F-40 F-34, F-35 or
F-44 To prevent that wide cut F-40 is being
transferred to an aircraft that uses aviation
turbine fuel:
1. drain F-40 as well as possible
2. flush system with new grade, with a volume of at least three times the contents of the dispenser-system.
At end of flushing process: take a sample of the
flushing fluid and perform a flashpoint test. If
flashpoint test fails the requirement, repeat
flushing and testing process.
F-34, F-35 or
F-44 F-40 Drain as well as possible

TABLE H-4

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX I to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

I-1
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
FILTRATION

1. During fuel transfers within the supply chain and on transfer to equipment, a
suitable means of filtration shall be used. It is important to remove particulate and
free water contamination from fuels so as to ensure safe operation with regard to
these factors. Failure to remove such contaminants may cause failure of the equipment being fuelled placing significant risk on the user.
2. In cases of delivery of non-aviation fuels by fleet replenishment vessels, the
receiving ship is permitted to waive the filtration requirement. However, in such
instances the receiving ship accepts the responsibility to ensure that adequate
filtration is provided to ensure that particulate and water removal is achieved prior to delivery to the next point in the supply chain. This is regardless of whether the next point in the supply chain is to storage or direct to the end user.

3. Ensuring that the filtration requirement is met is the responsibility of the receiving
installation. The only exception to this is the fuelling of aircraft which should only be
achieved through the use of dedicated equipment that is designed to perform the
correct level of filtration.

4. For clarity, a comparison between filter mesh and pore size of filters is given in
Table I-1.

Comparison between filter pore size and mesh sizes

Pore size (µm)* Mesh size (number per square inch)
5
10
25
50
100 150 200
240
*1 µm = micro metre = micron = 10
-6 m 2500
1250
500
270
140 100
70
60

TABLE I-1

REQUIREMENTS FOR BULK STORAGE OF AVIATION FUELS ON AIR BASES
5. All aviation fuel shall pass through two independent filtration systems. One filtration
system shall be at the inlet of the operating tank while the second filtration system
shall be at the outlet. This principle shall also apply for aviation fuel delivered via a
hydrant system or refue lling vehicle. In all si tuations, the final level of filtration shall
be a Filter Water Separator (FWS) in accordance with either EI 1581 or STANAG
3967. However, it is anticipated that both filtration systems will conform to either of
these standards.

6. Upon filtration, aviation fuel must be Clear & Bright with no visual evidence of solid
contaminant or undissolved water. Particulate concentration shall be less than 1
mg/L and have an undissolved water max 30 ppm.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX I to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

I-2
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
NOTE. The design of new equipment and new systems for the handling of military fuels shall not include the use of fuel filter Monitor elements qualified to the standard
EI 1583. Fuel filter Monitor elements have not been qualified, nor are they designed
or compatible, for use with fuels containing Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII), such
as F-34 and F-44.
Fuel filter Monitors contain Super Absorbing Polymers (SAP). The SAP is prone to disintegration when exposed to mixtures of water and FSII. It is also widely acknowledged that the disintegrated SAP material may form deposits downstream
of the Monitor vessel, typically within the aircraft fuel system. In the most severe
cases this has lead to the blockage of aircraft fuel filters. Evidence of SAP migration
is generally identified by the presence of a brown sticky deposit and often referred to
as “apple jelly”. In those cases where the use of SAP containing fuel filter Monitor’s are unavoidable due to design of equipment, frequent change of SAP-containing fuel monitors is
strongly advised. In addition, good housekeeping procedures for the draining of free
water from bulk storage tanks are mandated.

7. In all situations, filtration equipment shall be designed so that fuel bypass is not
possible. If this is not achievable, additional fuel quality testing may be required to
ensure fuel integrity.

8. Filtration systems shall be fitted with pressure differential gauges conforming to
STANAG 3583, latest edition.

9. Weekly records of the differential pressure readings adjusted to maximum rated
flow of the filtration vessel shall be kept. These readings will help to identify when
the filter elements start to become blocked and shall be replaced when the
adjusted pressure reaches 15 pSi.

10. Extreme or sudden changes in the differential pressure across the filter vessel are
cause for investigation. Such sudden changes may indicate that events such as
filter element rupture or the element becoming unseated may have occurred.
Replacement of filter elements may be required. It should also be noted, that even when new elements are fitted, there will be a differential pressure across the vessel. In systems where the differential pressure is zero, the elements should be
checked to ensure that they have been seated correctly.

11. Inspection and cleaning of the inner wall of filter vessels must be performed
whenever filter elements are replaced.

12. Following the replacement of filter elements in any filter system, the effectiveness
of the filter system shall be checked by gravimetric (Millipore) or other approved
means of analysis.

13. It is imperative that any free water is drained from the filtration vessel before the
start of fuelling at the be ginning of the day and whenev er else deem ed necessary
to prevent the possible delivery of free water to the aircraft. This process may be
relaxed where a fully working automatic water drain is fitted.

14. In instances where the aviation turbine fuel F-37 is encountered (F-37 is F-34 with
the addition of a Thermal Stability Additive, NATO S-1749), a suitable FWS (e.g. EI

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX I to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

I-3
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED 1581 class M-100) for this type of fuel shall be used during refuelling or defueling
operations.

Delivery of fuel

15. Fuel Delivery Nozzles for Aviation purposes:

15.1 Wire mesh strainers fitted to pressure couplings and over wing nozzles shall
be removed and inspected monthly. Where the hose end coupling has to be
disassembled to remove the strainer for inspection the integrity of the
coupling shall be checked by pressurising the hose to working pressure after
reassembly.

15.2 The wire mesh strainers in the refuelling nozzle and pressure refuelling
equipment are to have a maximum porosity of 240 μm (60 mesh). These
strainers are intended to prevent the entry of coarse particulate into the fuel
system of the receiving system.

15.3 If there is evidence of hose break up, the hose(s) identified must be changed
immediately. If this is not possible, the refueller is to be withdrawn from
service until the hose can be replaced.

15.4 The nozzle dust caps are to be inspected daily for security. They are to be
removed only during refuelling oper ations and replaced immediately
afterwards.

16. Direct refuelling from packed stocks is to be avoided whenever possible. In cases
where it is not possible, all fuel is to be filtered between the container and the
aircraft tank to the standard defined in Table I-2.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX I to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

I-4
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED MINIMUM STANDARDS OF FILTRATI ON – AVIATION USE FUELS

Fuel/ NATO-code Application Deliveries to
Airfield
Receipt/
Settling tanks1,
(filter porosity
at entrance of
storage
medium) Filling of
containers from
bulk storage
(filter porosity
at outlet of
filling unit) Filling of railcar
tanks or road
tankers
(filter porosity
at outlet of
filling unit) Issue into
On-Base
Operating
Tanks
(filter porosity at
inlet of
operating tank) Issue into
refuelling
vehicles or into
dispensers
(filter porosity
at outlet of
filling unit) Issue into
aircraft
(filter porosity
at outlet of
filling unit)
F-18 Aviation
gasoline Filter Water
Separator, nominal 1 µm Filter Water
Separator, nominal 1 µm 150 μm Filter Water
Separator, nominal 1 µm Filter Water
Separator, nominal 1 µm Filter Water
Separator, nominal 1 µm
F-34 / F-35 / F-37 /
F-40 / F-44 Aviation turbine
kerosene Filter Water
Separator,
nominal 5 µm Filter Water
Separator,
nominal 1 µm 150 μm
Filter Water
Separator,
nominal 1 µm Filter Water
Separator,
nominal 1 µm Filter Water
Separator,
nominal 1 µm
Thrust Augmentation
Fluids (methanol and
water2/methanol
mixtures) 8 0 μm 80 μm 80 μm
F-54 Diesel fuel for
UAV’s Filter Water
Separator,
nominal 5 µm 25 μm As per the
OEM’s
requirement
F-67 3 Automotive
gasoline for
UAV’s Filter Water
Separator,
nominal 5 µm 25 μm As per the
OEM’s
requirement
TABLE I-2

1 See STANAG 3748 DPP – Technical Guidance for the Design and Construction of Aviation and Ground Fuel Installations on NATO Air fields
2 Water to be used for the preparation of Thrust Augmentation fluids shall ALSO comply with: total solids (residue on evaporatio n) max 10 ppm and a pH of minimum 5.0 and maximum 7.0
3 Note. It has been identified that it is not possible to remove water from gasolines containing bio Ethanol. Further, it has al so been identified that a two phase mixture will not manifest itself until there is at
least 1500 ppm of water present.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX I to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

I-5
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED MINIMUM STANDARDS OF FILTRATION – GROUND USE FUELS

Application Filling of containers (packed
stocks) filter poro sity at outlet
of filing unit Issue into equipment from any
bulk storage medium, filter
porosity at outlet of fuel
delivering system Issue into
equipment from
packed stock
F-541 Diesel fuel for ground use
only 25 μm 25 μm
no requirements F-63 Diesel engine fuel (kerosene
type) for ground use only If a FWS is present in the
kerosene supply chain just
prior to the additising step: no
additional filtration required;
Otherwise 25 μm filtration. 25 μm
F-67 Automotive gasoline for
ground use 25 μm 25 μm
F-75/ F-76 additional use Naval distillate fuel for ground
equipment 25 μm 25 μm

TABLE I-3

MINIMUM STANDARDS OF FILTRATION – NAVAL DISTILLATE USE FUELS

Deliveries to ships, filter porosity at
outlet of fuel delivering equipment Delivery to an on-board gas-turbine,
filter porosity at outlet of fuel delivering
equipment
F-75/ F-76 Naval distillate fuel 200 μm FWS
2
TABLE I-4

1 When ambient temperatures are at or around the cloud point, filtration may be difficult or impossible.
2 For on board gas turbine engines, the fuel must comply with a particulate content of max 10 mg/l.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX J to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

J-1
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED Testing Laboratories and Testing Capability
General

1. An officially designated laboratory (military or commercial) capable of carrying out
full inspection testing of fuels by the approved methods is to be located in, or
available to, each NATO nation, and be available to the Service Inspection Authority. Products shall be accepted by the cognisant national inspecting authority in accordance with the nation’s regulations. Deployable or field laboratories with
limited fuel and petroleum products testing capabilities shall also comply with the
requirements of this STANAG.

Training of Personnel

2. Qualified personnel are to be assigned responsibility for the
receiving/storing/releasing, sampling, and testing of NATO fuels and petroleum
products. Laboratories shall have an established written policy to include
documented individual training records of assigned personnel.

Testing Laboratories

3. Petroleum products shall be tested by proficient laboratories having a quality
program and operated by qualified and competent personnel in support of the applicable contracts and product specifications and/or standards. NATO National
laboratories are listed in STANAG 4616 with their respective testing capability. In
addition, nationally fielded laboratories, contractor’s laboratories or limited testing
capability facilities are commonly used to accept or reject fuel loads at point of
custody transfer.

4. Testing laboratories shall adopt a quality program which shall contain a quality
control plan describing the method by which all laboratory and field testing and
measuring equipment is calibrated in accordance with ISO 10012-1. For items not
covered by that publication, the applicable manufacturer’s recommended calibration
method(s) and time interval shall be used.
5. Forward operating laboratories having limited testing capability and equipment shall
be capable of testing representative fuel samples in accordance with the product
specification requirements.

Product Specifications

6. Petroleum product laboratories and testing facilities shall maintain an up-to-date file
of specifications as per STANAG 1135 Annex C (both Military and non-Government
specifications and standards).
Fuel Traceability

7. Fuel manufacturers produce fuel in ba tches. Each production batch is a discrete
volume size and upon compliancy to the specification/standard requirements, is
assigned an identifying batch number. The batch number shall remain valid until
stocks are exhausted or until fresh stock is introduced at which time another analysis shall be performed and a new batch number assigned. Fuel traceability

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX J to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

J-2
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED is critical when investigating a fuel contamination situation. When fuel batches
from different sources are co-mingled, ei ther a cursory verification test schedule
is performed for a segregated system or a re-certification test schedule may be
required in case of a non-segregated system to ensure fuel integrity. This test
should be made in comparing the recertification results with the corresponding
values shown on the last previous anal ysis made on the fuel. Only by checking
that the determined properties have not changed can it be safely assumed that the remaining unchecked specification properties have also not changed significantly and remain satisfactory.

Batch Analysis Test Report

8. An original manufacturer batch analysis test report, designated as a refinery
Certificate of Analysis (CoA), shall be raised for each batch tested and shall show the specification requirements for the product tested, the date, the test method, and
the test results. It shall also include the quantity of the batch and the number of the
tank containing the product. The test report shall be signed by a designated
representative of the test laboratory. At point of custody transfer, minimum quality
control testing shall be performed in accordance with the Type B-1 testing defined in
the appropriate product Table in Annex C. Results shall be compared to the original
batch analysis test report and any discrepancies identified. When fuel is co-mingled
and further distributed along the supply chain, acceptance tests are performed and
documented. Additional testing to confirm the absence of contaminants may be performed to issue a re-certification certificate. Note that a refinery CoA includes the
amount of hydroprocessed and severely hydroprocessed jet fuel, and the amount of
anti-oxidant injected. A downstream CoA may not include such information.

Testing capabilities

9. Laboratories shall be equipped and ca pable of performing acceptance and re-
certification tests (Type B-1 and/or B-2) required by the appropriate product Table in
Annex C. When the capa bility does not exist locally, other laborator ies may be used
in support of the tasking authority. Samples for testing shall be obtained in
accordance to recognized standards such as ASTM D4057. For automatic sampling ASTM D 4177 shall be used. Field testing facilities should institute a formal process for fuel acceptance based on the minimum quality testing as detailed in the
appropriate product Table in Annex C.

Test methods

10. All laboratory tests shall be conducted in accordance with the method prescribed in
the specification covering the product. Special or modified method shall be
documented and reported. Specification and intra-Governmental receipt limits such
as those listed in STANAG 1110 are absolute. Multiple tests may be performed and
when the results do not differ from each other by more than the amount specified for the repeatability of the method, these results may be averaged to determine compliance with the specification limits.

Alternate test methods

11. The use of alternate test methods to measure physical properties of fuel is allowed,
provided that: the test results are presented in the format required in the

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX J to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)

J-3
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED specification; the te st device has a demonstrated reliab ility and repeatability equal or
better than called for by the standard method; and the device has been approved for use by the military services or the ha ndling nation’s technical authority.

Calibrating Test Equipment

12. All laboratories shall calibrate testing and measuring equipment to the accuracy
necessary to ensure the equipment is within allowable tolerance limits. ISO 10012-1, Part I shall be used. Chemical solutions used in quantitative analysis shall be
prepared from reagent grade chemicals and shall be prepared and standardized in
accordance with test method requirements. Control, charts, reference tables, etc.,
prepared or used in connection with tests or in calculating final results shall have a
factual basis, and be mathematically correct.
Testing for Contamination

13. Laboratories testing for suspected contamination of petroleum products shall be
confirmed and controlled by documented laboratory tests by using standardized or
non-standardized test methods. The use of non-standard test protocols should, as a
minimum, detail the procedure, equipment used including chemical reagents and
calibration procedures. Non-conformance results shall be documented and reported
to justify the appropriate corrective actions.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX K to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)
K-1
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED GLOSSARY
1. Throughout this STANAG, a number of definition/terms are used. In order to aid the
user, these definitions/terms are identified in this annex.

Acceptance The act of an authorized NATO, Government or
authorized 3
rd-party (sub-contractor) representative by
which the Government assumes for itself, or as an agent
of another, ownership of existing and identified supplies
tendered, or approves specific services rendered, as
partial or complete performance of the contract on the part
of the contractor.
Additives Compounds used to impart new properties to a product or
to improve a property which it already possesses.
Appearance Colour, clarity, or evidence of stratification and
contaminants that may be observed by visual examination
of sample.
Barrel A volume of liquid petroleum product equal to 159 litres.
Batch A quantity of fuel defined by a single Refinery Certificate of
Quality or Recertification Certificate.
Black Cargo A cargo or parcel of petroleum product such as Crude Oil,
Heavy Fuel Oils, etc. These are normally products that
contain residual components that make them dark in
colour.
Blending The procedures by which predetermined quantities of two
or more batches are homogeneously mixed. This term is
also used to define the injection of additives into fuels.
Bulk products Liquid petroleum products which are normally transported
by pipeline, rail tank car, tank truck or trailer, barge or
ocean going tanker, and stored in tanks or containers
having a capacity of more than 1000 Litres.
Clear (clean) and bright Clear (clean) is the absence of visible solids, a cloud, a
haze, an emulsion, or free water in the product (some
specifications define this as Appearance, Workmanship, or
Finish) at the temperature of sampling. Bright is the
sparkle of clean, dry product in transmitted light.
Conductivity The ability of a given substance to dissipate or transfer
internal electrical charges.
Contaminant A foreign substance in a product.
Contaminated product A product into which one or more grades of another
product has been inadvertently mixed (commingling), or a product containing foreign but not limited to dust, rust,
water, or emulsions to the extent it may change the
characteristics of the product.
Cubic metre
(m³) A volume of liquid petroleum product equal to 1000 litres.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX K to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)
K-2
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED Custody Transfer Point An agreed designated physical location (e.g. valve, meter,
etc.) in which legal possession and/or responsibility for a parcel of petroleum product transfers from one party to another.
Dedicated system
(Single product,
Se
gregated) A system of pipeline(s), vessel(s), rail tank car(s) and/or
truck(s) used solely to move only one type of fuel.
Density The mass of liquid per unit volume at a standard
temperature. Typically this will be at 15°C.
Deteriorated product A product in which one or more of its characteristics have
changed to a level outside the limits of the applicable
STANAG or specification and STANAG 1110.
Dissolved water Water in solution which cannot be removed by mechanical
means. The concentration of dissolved water varies with product temperature, the relative humidity of air contacting
the product surface and the chemical composition of the
product.
Filtered (filtering) A process of mechanically removing solids and/or free
water from a petroleum product using a medium such as filtering paper, glass fibre, clay or diatomaceous earth.
Filter Water Separator A mechanical device designed to remove solid
contaminants and to coalesce and separate water from
fuels. Normally configured in a 2 stage design: 1
st stage
coalescer cartridges to remove sediment and coalesce water into large droplets; 2
nd stage separator cartridges
(normally Teflon coated screen or pleated paper) which
repel the coalesced water for collection from the sump.
Free-on-Board (FOB)
Destination. Shipper
provides transportation Product is accepted at destination by an authorized
NATO, Government or authorized 3rd-party (sub-
contractor) representative.
Free-on-Board (FOB)
Origin. The procuring
activity provides
transportation Product is accepted at origin (source) by an authorized
NATO, Government or authorized 3rd-party (sub-
contractor) representative.
Fuel Monitor A single stage water protection type filter that removes
water and sediment. The system is designed to absorb
water and stop fuel flow once the cartridge elements reach
full water capacity.
NOTE. Filter Monitors shall not be used with fuels
containing FSII.
Gum Resin-like, insoluble fuel deposits (contaminants) formed
during the oxidative and thermal deterioration of fuels.
Heavy distillates A blend of distillate and re sidual fuel oil, for use in low- and
medium-speed diesel engines in applications involving
predominantl y constant speed and load

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX K to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)
K-3
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED Homogeneous /
Homogeneity A product is considered homogeneous when its base
components are mixed uniformly throughout (i.e.no layering or stratification).
Identification tests Selected tests applied to a sample to quickly determine
the type or grade of product represented or to determine
that quality has not been altered by time or handling.
Normall
y Type-C tests.
Injection A technology used for the inclusion of an additive, along
with other techniques such as blending to modify the characteristics or the type of product. May also be used to
remediate off-specification product.
Inspect To examine critically especially to detect flaws, errors, etc.
Interface The common boundary (or surface) of two liquids. Also,
the amount of mixed product (off-specification) between two different on-specification products.
Intermediate Bulk
Container (IBC) Generally a large size type of packaging made from
plastic, up to a maximum volume of 1000 litres.
Micron (µm) One micron (micrometer, 10
-6 metre) is one-thousandth of
one millimetre (25,400 microns equal one inch).
Micronic Filter A sediment pre-filtration unit primarily used upstream of
filter water separators or clay filters for removal of
particulates.
Middle distillates A general classification of refined petroleum products that
includes distillate fuel oil and kerosene.
National Technical
Authority (NTA) Definition required.
Off-specification product A product which fails to meet one or more of the physical,
chemical, or performance requirements of the applicable
STANAG.
Quality The composite of materiel attributes including
performance, features and characteristics of a product, or
service to satisfy a given need.
Quality assurance A planned and systematic pattern of all actions necessary
to give confidence that adequate technical requirements
are established; products and services conform to established technical requirements; and satisfactory
performance is achieved. (The generic quality assurance
definition includes all actions beginning in the design
phase through procurement, storage and handling,
transportation and use.)
Quality surveillance The aggregate of measures (blending, stock rotation,
sampling, etc.) used to determine and maintain the quality
of product receipts, storage of products, and issuing of
product to the degree necessary to ensure that such
products are suitable for their intended use.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX K to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)
K-4
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED Quality Surveillance
Programme Programme of inspections, sampling, testing, and
documentation established to assure quality of product.
Refinery Certificate of Quality The definitive written document describing and certifying
the quality of a product upon shipment from a refinery.
The document must include the following as a minimum:
– Specification name, issue and any amendment number;
– Name and address of testing laboratory;
– Batch number or unique identifier; – Quantity of fuel in the batch;
– Properties tested and including specification limit, test
method and result of test;
– Additives, including qualification reference and quantity
added;
– Name and position of authorized test certificate signatory
or an electronic signature;
– Date of certification.
Road Tank Vehicle
(Tank Wagon, Bridger, Bowser) A motorised vehicle or towable trailer with a tank that is
used to move bulk petroleum products on normal transportation routes (roads, motorways, etc.)
Sample A sample(s) is a portion of fuel taken which represents a
portion or the entire batch or delivery. For Bulk Products, a
sample can be taken from an acceptance tank, storage
tank, delivery truck, intermodal container, pipeline, barge
or tanker. Samples may be taken either manually (upper,
middle, lower, all-level) or automatically (line, flow-
proportionate).
Specification A detailed description of the product’s essential
performance and/or physical and chemical characteristics.
Specifications can be classified as National, Military, Commercial, or Voluntary Standard. Specifications can be categorized as functional, design, or a performance
specification. Some specifications, such as petroleum, are
usually a combination of functional and performance.
Testing The determination of product physical and chemical
properties. Testing requirements are dependent on the location, mode of storage and/or transportation.
Thief A sampling apparatus designed so a liquid sample can be
obtained from any specified point in the container.
Tolerance An allowable variation from a specified standard.
Undissolved (Free) Water Water in a petroleum product other than dissolved water.
Undissolved water may be in the form of droplets or haze
(entrained) suspended in the product and/or water layer at
the bottom of the container.

NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED
ANNEX K to
STANAG 3149
(Edition 10)
K-5
NATO/EAPC UNCLASSIFIED White Cargo A cargo or parcel of petroleum product such as Gasoline,
Jet Fuel, Kerosene, Light Gas O il (distillates), etc. These
are normally refined, clean products which are not dark in colour.