2019 Russian Journal of Criminal Law № 13 UDK 343.8 DOI: 10.17223/23088451/13/23 R.Z. Useev ZLOSTNOE NEPOVINOVENIE TREBOVANIYaM ADMINISTRATsII… [607068]

UGOLOVNAYa YuSTITsIYa
2019 Russian Journal of Criminal Law № 13

UDK 343.8 DOI: 10.17223/23088451/13/23

R.Z. Useev

ZLOSTNOE NEPOVINOVENIE TREBOVANIYaM ADMINISTRATsII
ISPRAVITELNOGO UChREZhDENIYa : PROBLEMY INTERPRETATsII ,
OTVETSTVENNOSTI I BEZOPASNOSTI V MESTAH LIShENIYa SVOBODY

Otdelnye subekty ugolovno -ispolnitelnyh pravootnosheniy , obespechivayushchie ispolnenie nakazaniy v vi-
de lisheniya svobody , vystupayut s initsiativoy rassmotret vopros o predlozheniyah po vneseniyu dopolneniy i
izmeneniy v deystvuyushchiy UK RF. Dannye izmeneniya dolzhny predusmatrivat ugolovnuyu otvetstvennost za
zlostnoe nepovinovenie zakonnym trebovaniyam administratsii ispravitelnogo uchrezhdeniya so storony osuzh –
dennogo , esli eto litso za narushenie trebovaniy rezhima otbyvaniya nakazaniya podvergalos v techenie goda
vzyskaniyu v vide perevoda v pomeshchenie kamernogo tipa (odinochnuyu kameru ), edinoe pomeshchenie kamernogo
tipa ili perevodilos v tyurmu . Avtor na osnove analiza ranee deystvuyushchego ugolovnogo (st. 188.3
UK RSFSR ), ispravitelno -trudovogo zakonodatelstva i praktiki ih primeneniya otsenivaet dannye otnoshe –
niya, vydelyaet problemy , a takzhe rassmatrivaet perspektivy primeneniya ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti za zlost –
noe nepovinovenie zakonnym trebovaniyam administratsii ispravitelnogo uchrezhdeniya .
Klyuchevye slova : zlostnoe nepovinovenie , zakonnye trebovaniya , ispravitelnoe uchrezhdenie , zlostnoe naru –
shenie , osuzhdennyy .

Obshchestvennye otnosheniya po povodu i v protsesse
ispolneniya i otbyvaniya nakazaniya v vide lisheniya
svobody napolneny raznoobraznymi mehanizmami ,
izmenyayushchimi pravovoy status osuzhdennogo kak v pre-
delah odnogo ispravitelnogo uchrezhdeniya (dalee –
IU), tak i v ramkah vsego nakazaniya . V protsesse svoego
razvitiya progressivnaya sistema ispolneniya nakazaniy
vystroila stupenchatyy perehod ot odnogo pravovogo
statusa osuzhdennogo k drugomu vo vremya otbyvaniya im
nakazaniya v vide lishenii svobody . Vo mnogom eto
sootnositsya s reagirovaniem na pravonarusheniya , so-
vershaemye v usloviyah izolyatsii lichnosti , i upravle –
niem povedeniem osuzhdennogo .
Po zakonu otvet pravonarushitelyu opredelen dvoya –
ko: predelami IU – putem nalozheniya na osuzhdennogo
distsiplinarnyh vzyskaniy , predusmotrennyh st. 115
UIK RF, a takzhe sistemoy mest lisheniya svobody – v
poryadke , predusmotrennom ch. 4 st. 78 UIK RF, kogda
osuzhdennyy mozhet byt pereveden v drugoy vid IU,
imeyushchiy bolee shirokiy krug pravoogranicheniy i
inuyu stepen izolyatsii .
Na povestke dnya vnov poyavlyayutsya voprosy ob uzhe-
stochenii otvetstvennosti osuzhdennyh , ne povinuyu –
shchihsya i ne vypolnyayushchih zakonnye trebovaniya perso –
nala IU. 17 dekabrya 2018 g. FSIN Rossii provela s
podvedomstvennymi territorialnymi organami so-
veshchanie v rezhime videokonferentssvyazi , gde v ramkah
obsuzhdeniya proekta Kontseptsii razvitiya ugolovno –
ispolnitelnoy sistemy RF do 2030 g. rassmatrivalsya
vopros o protivodeystvii osuzhdennym otritsatelnoy
napravlennosti i stabilizatsii obstanovki v IU.
V rezultate skladyvayushcheysya operativnoy obstanovki
v IU ryadom territorialnyh organov FSIN Rossii
byli predlozheny otdelnye mery . Tak, UFSIN Ros-
sii po Kirovskoy oblasti , uchityvaya opyt 80–90-h gg.
HH v., schitaet tselesoobraznym rassmotret vopros o
predlozheniyah po vneseniyu dopolneniy i izmeneniy v
deystvuyushchiy UK RF. Eti izmeneniya dolzhny predu –
smatrivat ugolovnuyu otvetstvennost za zlostnoe nepovinovenie zakonnym trebovaniyam administratsii
IU libo inoe protivodeystvie administratsii v osu-
shchestvlenii ee funktsiy litsom , otbyvayushchim nakaza –
nie v mestah lisheniya svobody , esli eto litso za naru –
shenie trebovaniy rezhima otbyvaniya nakazaniya pod-
vergalos v techenie goda vzyskaniyu v vide perevoda v
pomeshchenie kamernogo tipa (odinochnuyu kameru ), edi-
noe pomeshchenie kamernogo tipa ili perevodilos v
tyurmu [1]. To est rech idet o fakticheskom reanimi –
rovanii st. 188.3 UK RSFSR «Zlostnoe nepovinovenie
trebovaniyam administratsii ispravitelno -trudovogo
uchrezhdeniya », vvedennoy v ugolovnyy zakon s 1984 g.
Kakovy zhe vozmozhnye perspektivy predlagaemoy me-
ry prinuzhdeniya , a takzhe voznikayushchie v svyazi s etim
problemy ee interpretatsii , otvetstvennosti i bez-
opasnosti v mestah lisheniya svobody ? Poprobuem
razobratsya .
Formalno na protyazhenii 13 let (s 1984 po 1996 g.)
rassmatrivaemaya norma ugolovnogo zakona RSFSR
nahodila primenenie . Odnako otdelnye prakticheskie
rabotniki UIS , kotorye neposredstvenno stalkiva –
lis s primeneniem dannoy normy , otmechayut , chto ee
«zapala » fakticheski hvatilo tolko do nachala 90-h gg.
HH v. Kopivsheesya desyatiletiyami nedovolstvo osuzh –
dennyh po povodu rezhimnyh trebovaniy v IU (ne vse-
gda obosnovannyh ) vkupe s trendom na glasnost i
smyagchenie karatelnyh nachal stalo osnovaniem k vos-
priyatiyu administratsiey mest lisheniya svobody ugo-
lovnoy otvetstvennosti za rassmatrivaemyy vid nepo –
vinoveniya kak izlishnego razdrazhitelya v otnoshenii
izolirovannyh lits. I bez takoy mery otvetstvennosti
k nachalu 90-h gg. v IU strany hvatalo razlichnyh eks-
tsessov i chrezvychaynyh proisshestviy (zahvatov za-
lozhnikov , besporyadkov i massovyh nepovinoveniy ) [2,
s. 543].
Poslednee desyatiletie HH v. vo mnogom izmenilo
otnoshenie k cheloveku , prezhde vsego s pozitsii guma –
nizma . Normy o zlostnom nepovinovenii osuzhdennogo
«nashli priyut » v opredelenno transformirovannom

118 R.Z. Useev
vide v ugolovno -ispolnitelnom zakonodatelstve RF.
Prichem formalno samo vyrazhenie o zlostnom nepo –
vinovenii osuzhdennogo ne sootnositsya s primeneniem
toy ili inoy sanktsii (ugolovnoy , distsiplinarnoy ),
ukazannoy v zakone . Segodnya eto vyrazhenie yavlyaetsya
lish osnovaniem primeneniya mer bezopasnosti (fi-
zicheskoy sily , spetsialnyh sredstv i ognestrelnogo
oruzhiya ). Zakon , ustanavlivaya osnovaniya primeneniya
mer bezopasnosti k osuzhdennym za zlostnoe nepovino –
venie zakonnym trebovaniyam personala IU v vide ma-
terialnoy normy (ch. 1 st. 86 UIK RF), v protsessu –
alnyh normah vovse obhodit dannuyu formu nepovi –
noveniya (st.st. 29, 30, 31.2 Zakona RF ot 21.07.1993 g.
№ 5473-1 (red. ot 19.07.2018) « Ob uchrezhdeniyah i orga-
nah, ispolnyayushchih ugolovnye nakazaniya v vide lishe –
niya svobody »). V poslednem zakone vyrazhenie «zlost –
noe nepovinovenie zakonnym trebovaniyam admini –
stratsii IU» opredelyaetsya zakonodatelem kak sinonim
ponyatiyam «napadenie », «nepovinovenie », «protivo –
deystvie zakonnym trebovaniyam » i t.d.
Po svoemu smyslovomu znacheniyu vyrazhenie
«zlostnoe nepovinovenie zakonnym trebovaniyam ad-
ministratsii IU» nuzhdaetsya v bezuslovnoy interpre –
tatsii , poskolku po krayney mere yuristy dolzhny
ponimat , chto imeyut v vidu pravovye akty , a tolkova –
tel dolzhen znat yazyk avtora teksta [3, s. 66, 67].
K sozhaleniyu , segodnya ugolovno -ispolnitelnoe zako-
nodatelstvo RF vesma skudno na interpretatsiyu
klyuchevyh ponyatiy i kategoriy (krome opredeleniy ,
dannyh v st.st. 9, 82 UIK RF).
Bolee 30 let nazad postanovlenie Plenuma Verhov –
nogo Suda SSSR ot 05.04.1985 g. № 4 (red. ot 02.03.1989)
«O praktike primeneniya sudami zakonodatelstva ob
otvetstvennosti za zlostnoe nepovinovenie trebovani –
yam administratsii ispravitelno -trudovogo uchrezhde –
niya» opredelilo zlostnoe nepovinovenie kak otkrytyy
otkaz ot ispolneniya obrashchennogo k konkretnomu osuzh –
dennomu trebovaniya predstavitelya administratsii , ko-
toryy v silu svoego dolzhnostnogo polozheniya imel pra-
vo predyavit dannoe trebovanie , a osuzhdennyy byl
obyazan i mog ego vypolnit , no umyshlenno ne vypol –
nil (otkaz ot raboty po neuvazhitelnym prichinam ,
nevypolnenie trebovaniya o prekrashchenii grubogo
narusheniya rezhima otbyvaniya nakazaniya i t.p.) [4].
Konechno , takaya traktovka zlostnogo nepovinoveniya
Verhovnym Sudom SSSR otvechala duhu togo vremeni ,
skladyvayushchimsya obshchestvennym otnosheniyam v mestah
lisheniya svobody i otnositelno svobodnym inter –
pretatsiyam teksta ugolovnogo zakona so storony sudey –
skogo korpusa . Odnako opredelennoe Verhovnym Su-
dom SSSR ponyatie zlostnogo nepovinoveniya dlya sego-
dnyashnego dnya predstavlyaetsya ne sovsem pravilnym ,
poskolku otkrytyy otkaz osuzhdennogo mozhno opre –
delyat kak ego slovesnoe nesoglasie , chto s pozitsiy
obektivnoy storony prestupleniya – deyaniya , predsta –
et v neskolko razmytom vide . Poetomu tselesoobraz –
nee bylo by vesti rech v usloviyah narastayushchego pro-
tivorechiya (naprimer , mezhdu sotrudnikom i osuzhden –
nym) o bezdeystvii kak volevom passivnom povedenii
osuzhdennogo . Odnako prakticheski passivnoe povede –
nie osuzhdennogo mozhet soprovozhdatsya v tom chisle i soprotivleniem – aktivnymi deystviyami osuzhdennogo
(ottalkivaniyami ot sotrudnika , osvobozhdeniem ot
zaderzhaniy , uderzhaniem rukami i nogami za razlich –
nye predmety i veshchi : krovati , dvernye proemy , tru-
by i t.d.) [5, s. 139].
Ukazannye vyshe priznaki , sobstvenno , podpadayut
pod nepovinovenie osuzhdennogo . Chto zhe togda yavlyaet –
sya nepovinoveniem , no zlostnym ? To zhe postanovlenie
Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda SSSR ne daet traktovku
ponyatiyu «zlostnoe ». Ochevidno , chto vyrazhenie
«zlostnoe » predstaet v vide neobhodimogo usloviya –
soversheniya osuzhdennym narusheniya rezhima otbyva –
niya nakazaniya , v rezultate kotorogo emu bylo nazna –
cheno vzyskanie v vide perevoda v pomeshchenie kamerno –
go tipa , odinochnuyu kameru ili tyurmu (st. 53 ITK
RSFSR ). Prichem takoe narushenie dolzhno byt so-
versheno ne pozdnee odnogo goda posle otbytiya ukazan –
nyh vzyskaniy .
V nastoyashchee vremya nepovinovenie (bez pristavki
«zlostnoe ») predstavitelyam administratsii IU pred –
staet v sisteme zlostnyh narusheniy rezhima , sover –
shennyh osuzhdennymi (ch. 1 st. 116 UIK RF). Dannaya
forma zlostnogo narusheniya korreliruet s trebovani –
yami ch. 3 st. 11 UIK RF, v sootvetstvii s kotorymi
osuzhdennye obyazany vypolnyat zakonnye trebovaniya
administratsii uchrezhdeniy i organov , ispolnyayushchih
nakazaniya . Pri etom vyrazhenie «nepovinovenie pred –
stavitelyam administratsii ispravitelnogo uchrezhde –
niya», vo-pervyh , isklyuchaet s leksicheskoy tochki zre-
niya priznak zakonnosti deystviy predstaviteley ad-
ministratsii , ibo doslovnaya interpretatsiya normy
zakona pozvolyaet sdelat vyvod , chto trebovaniya admi –
nistratsii IU mogut byt i ne osnovannymi na zakone
i volyuntaristskimi . Vo-vtoryh , v sferu rassmatriva –
emyh obshchestvennyh otnosheniy popadayut lish pred –
staviteli administratsii IU, sostav kotoryh zakonom
ne ustanovlen . Poluchaetsya , chto dolzhnostnye i inye
litsa , nahodyashchiesya v pryamom kontakte s osuzhdennymi
i obespechivayushchie (soprovozhdayushchie ) protsess ispol –
neniya nakazaniya v vide lisheniya svobody (sotrudniki
podrazdeleniy po konvoirovaniyu i spetsialnogo
naznacheniya , prokurory , upolnomochennye po pravam
cheloveka , svyashchennosluzhiteli i t.d.), nahodyatsya vne
ustanovlennyh otnosheniy [Tam zhe, s. 136, 137]. Oche-
vidno , chto v nashem sluchae k predstavitelyam admini –
stratsii IU sleduet otnosit vseh rabotnikov uchre –
zhdeniya , poskolku v sootvetstvii s trebovaniyami
Minyusta Rossii nadzor za osuzhdennymi yavlyaetsya obya-
zannostyu vseh rabotnikov IU. V svoyu ochered ,
nadzor za osuzhdennymi vklyuchaet v sebya kak postoyan –
noe nablyudenie , tak i kontrol za izolirovannymi
litsami . Polagaem neobhodimym zlostnoe narushenie
«nepovinovenie predstavitelyam administratsii is-
pravitelnogo uchrezhdeniya » sootnesti s obyazannostyu
osuzhdennogo v vide vypolneniya im zakonnyh trebova –
niy administratsii uchrezhdeniy i organov , ispolnyayu –
shchih nakazaniya (ch. 3 st. 11 UIK RF). Putem vneseniya
sootvetstvuyushchih izmeneniy v ch. 1 st. 116 UIK RF
predlagaem predstavit dannyy vid zlostnogo naru –
sheniya kak «nepovinovenie rabotnikam uchrezhdeniy i
organov ugolovno -ispolnitelnoy sistemy ».

Zlostnoe nepovinovenie trebovaniyam administratsii 119
Vozmozhno li sushchestvuyushchiy vid narusheniya rezhi –
ma osuzhdennym v IU vnov kriminalizirovat i
vklyuchit sootvetstvuyushchey normoy v UK RF?
V nastoyashchiy moment nepovinovenie predstavitelyam
administratsii IU yavlyaetsya zlostnym narusheniem re-
zhima otbyvaniya nakazaniya v vide lisheniya svobody .
Sredi drugih zlostnyh narusheniy rezhima dolya danno –
go vida narusheniya ostaetsya stabilnoy i za 17 let (s
2001 po 2017 g.) v srednem sostavlyaet ot 7 do 13% [5,
s. 132; 6, s. 265]. Analogichnaya stabilnost otmechaetsya v
tselom po kolichestvu zlostnyh narusheniy rezhima ot-
byvaniya . Za tri goda (2015–2017) uroven zlostnyh
narusheniy v strukture narusheniy , sovershaemyh osuzh –
dennymi , v srednem sostavlyaet okolo 3–4%.
Ugolovno -ispolnitelnoe zakonodatelstvo RF i
praktika ispolneniya nakazaniy v vide lisheniya svobo –
dy vyrabotali otvet nepovinuyushchimsya zakonnym tre-
bovaniyam predstaviteley IU. Vo-pervyh , etot meha –
nizm vklyuchaet v sebya yuridicheskiy fakt – priznanie
osuzhdennogo zlostnym narushitelem rezhima . Vo-
vtoryh , sushchestvuyut vesma shirokie vozmozhnosti po
sokrashcheniyu obema prav i zakonnyh interesov osuzh –
dennyh i uvelicheniyu stepeni izolyatsii kak v granitsah
odnogo uchrezhdeniya , tak i v sisteme IU territorial –
nyh organov FSIN Rossii . Dlya ukazannoy kategorii
osuzhdennyh predusmotren pyatistupenchatyy progres –
sivnyy mehanizm soderzhaniya v ustanovlennyh mestah .
K takim mestam otnosyatsya : 1) shtrafnye izolyatory
(ShIZO ), 2) pomeshcheniya kamernogo tipa (PKT ; odinoch –
nye kamery ), 3) zapiraemye pomeshcheniya (otryady so
strogimi usloviyami otbyvaniya nakazaniya – OSUON ),
4) edinye pomeshcheniya kamernogo tipa (EPKT ),
5) tyurmy . Dlya osuzhdennyh koloniy -poseleniy :
ShIZO , ispravitelnye kolonii obshchego (strogogo )
rezhima .
Analogichnyy mehanizm v 80–90-h gg. HH v. (vremya
primeneniya st. 188.3 UK RSFSR ) fakticheski yavlyalsya
polovinchatym : v normah ispravitelno -trudovogo za-
konodatelstva RSFSR i, kak sledstvie , v praktike
primeneniya otsutstvovala vozmozhnost pomeshcheniya
osuzhdennyh v zapiraemye pomeshcheniya (otryady so stro-
gimi usloviyami otbyvaniya nakazaniya ), a takzhe EPKT .
Uchityvaya neprostuyu operativnuyu obstanovku v me-
stah lisheniya svobody , distsiplinarnaya preyuditsiya ne
zastavila sebya dolgo zhdat i byla oformlena v vide
dopolneniy v UK RSFSR (st. 188.3).
Sovremennyy pyatistupenchatyy mehanizm izmene –
niya obema prav i zakonnyh interesov lichnosti , a
takzhe uvelicheniya stepeni ee izolyatsii (ot ShIZO do
tyurmy ) orientirovan na narushiteley i zlostnyh
narushiteley rezhima otbyvaniya nakazaniy . I esli
soderzhanie osuzhdennyh v ramkah odnogo uchrezhdeniya
(ShIZO , PKT (odinochnye kamery ), OSUON ), v prin –
tsipe , ne vyzyvaet voprosov , to soderzhanie osuzhden –
nyh iz chisla zlostnyh narushiteley rezhima v EPKT i
tyurme imeet s pozitsii nashey problemy nekotorye
voprosy .
Analiz ispolneniya mer vzyskaniya i inyh mer za
zlostnoe narushenie poryadka otbyvaniya nakazaniya v
EPKT i tyurme pokazyvaet sleduyushchee . Na 1 yanvarya
2018 g. v UIS Rossii predusmatrivalos 139 EPKT , limit napolneniya kotoryh sostavlyal 4 098 chelovek .
Poluchaetsya , chto EPKT po vsey strane bolee chem napo –
lovinu ne zadeystvovany . Oni zapolneny lish na 45%
(v 2015 g. – 51%, v 2016 g. – 50%). Fakticheski na etu
datu v EPKT soderzhalis 1 862 cheloveka [6, s. 31].
Analogichnaya situatsiya v tyurmah . V techenie 2017 g. iz
ispravitelnyh koloniy v tyurmu v poryadke ch. 4 st. 78
UIK RF byli napravleny tolko 330 osuzhdennyh
zlostnyh narushiteley rezhima otbyvaniya nakazaniya , v
to vremya kak chislo osuzhdennyh k otbyvaniyu ugolov –
nogo nakazaniya v tyurme sostavilo 1 202 cheloveka
[Tam zhe, s. 18, 276]. V tselom zhe, esli voobshche sootne –
sti limit tyurem s fakticheskoy chislennostyu osuzh –
dennyh v etih uchrezhdeniyah , rezultat budet yavno ne v
polzu chislennosti osuzhdennyh . Tak, limit napolne –
niya tolko odnoy tyurmy (FKU T № 2 UFSIN Rossii
po Vladimirskoy oblasti «Vladimirskiy tsentral »),
kotoryy sostavlyaet 1 180 chelovek , fakticheski pere –
kryvaet spisochnuyu chislennost osuzhdennyh , soder –
zhashchihsya vo vseh tyurmah FSIN Rossii (na
01.01.2019 g. v vosmi tyurmah strany soderzhalis
1 212 osuzhdennyh ) [7].
Takim obrazom , mozhno sdelat vyvod , chto vozmozh –
nosti EPKT i tyurem v otnoshenii zlostnyh narushi –
teley rezhima otbyvaniya nakazaniya ne ispolzuyutsya v
polnoy mere libo protsess perevoda (napravleniya )
osuzhdennyh v EPKT i tyurmy zabyurokratizirovan na
urovne territorialnyh organov FSIN Rossii ili
FSIN Rossii . Kak sledstvie , otsutstvie napolnenno –
sti EPKT i tyurem bolee chem napolovinu ne yavlyaetsya
argumentom v polzu neobhodimosti vvedeniya ugolov –
noy otvetstvennosti v otnoshenii osuzhdennyh , ne po-
vinuyushchihsya zakonnym trebovaniyam rabotnikov uchre –
zhdeniy i organov UIS .
Esli gipoteticheski predpolozhit , chto k osuzhden –
nomu mozhet byt primenena ugolovnaya otvetstven –
nost po analogii so st. 188.3 UK RSFSR , to i zdes
voznikayut voprosy . Obektivnaya storona prestuple –
niya predpolagaet , chto litso za narushenie trebovaniy
rezhima otbyvaniya nakazaniya ranee podvergalos v te-
chenie goda vzyskaniyu v vide perevoda v PKT (EPKT ),
odinochnuyu kameru ili perevodilos v tyurmu . Po
opredeleniyu , perevod v PKT , EPKT , odinochnuyu kame –
ru mozhet byt sledstviem lyubogo zlostnogo narushe –
niya rezhima otbyvaniya nakazaniya libo sistemy naru –
sheniy .
Sovremennyy perechen osnovaniy priznaniya osuzh –
dennogo zlostnym narushitelem rezhima otbyvaniya
nakazaniya vesma shirok : ot razovogo zlostnogo naru –
sheniya do sistemy narusheniy . Prichem kak zlostnye ,
tak i prostye narusheniya s formalnoy tochki zreniya
byvayut vesma raznoobraznymi i protivorechivymi .
S formalnoy tochki zreniya edinichnym narusheniem
rezhima otbyvaniya nakazaniya , vlekushchim priznanie
osuzhdennogo zlostnym narushitelem , yavlyaetsya , k pri-
meru , hranenie osuzhdennym pri sebe igralnyh kart,
krema dlya kozhi na spirtovoy osnove , elektrokipya –
tilnika kustarnogo proizvodstva i t.d. Sistema pro-
styh narusheniy (ne menee dvuh v techenie goda, esli za
kazhdoe iz etih narusheniy osuzhdennyy byl podverg –
nut vzyskaniyu v vide vodvoreniya v ShIZO ) mozhet

120 R.Z. Useev
byt predstavlena , naprimer , kureniem v neustanov –
lennom meste , narusheniem nosheniya ustanovlennoy
formy odezhdy (rasstegnutaya verhnyaya pugovitsa kurtki ),
dareniem pachki sigaret drugomu osuzhdennomu i t.d.
Dumaetsya , chto v takih usloviyah bezopasnost osuzh –
dennogo mozhet byt pod voprosom : lyubogo «negodno –
go» osuzhdennogo mozhno dovesti cherez distsiplinar –
nuyu preyuditsiyu k realnomu (dopolnitelnomu ) sroku
lisheniya svobody . Vozmozhny volyuntaristskie proyav –
leniya so storony rabotnikov uchrezhdeniy i organov
UIS po «rabote » s takimi osuzhdennymi . Vidimo , v
tom chisle i poetomu v ispravitelno -trudovom zako-
nodatelstve RSFSR byla opredelena norma , prizvan –
naya minimizirovat chrezmernuyu samostoyatelnost
administratsii uchrezhdeniya v voprosah perevoda osuzh –
dennyh v PKT . V takoy protsess byl vklyuchen nezavi –
simyy filtr , poskolku svoe reshenie po perevodu
osuzhdennyh v PKT pervyy rukovoditel uchrezhdeniya
dolzhen byl soglasovyvat s nablyudatelnymi komis –
siyami (st. 54 ITK RSFSR ). Deystvuyushchim ugolovno –
ispolnitelnym zakonodatelstvom RF takogo sogla –
sovaniya ne trebuetsya .
Sudebnaya praktika vtoroy poloviny 80-h gg. HH v.
pokazala , chto k primeneniyu sudami st. 188.3 UK RF
byli bolshie voprosy . Uzhe v to vremya postanovleniya
Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda SSSR pokazyvali slozh –
nost naznacheniya nakazaniya za dannyy sostav prestup –
leniya : mnogie sudy nedootsenivali slozhnost del, do-
puskali odnostoronnost v issledovanii dokaza –
telstv , predvzyato otnosilis k pokazaniyam osuzhden –
nyh. Otmechalos neobosnovannoe osuzhdenie po
st. 188.3 UK RSFSR . Krome togo, Verhovnyy Sud
SSSR delal aktsent na tom, chto imelis fakty zloupo –
trebleniy administratsiey uchrezhdeniy , ee bezdey –
stviya , plohoy organizatsii truda i bytovoy neustro –
ennosti osuzhdennyh , chto v itoge stanovilos prichi –
noy soversheniya prestupleniya [8].
Dumaem , chto segodnya vklyuchenie normy v UK RF,
predusmatrivayushchey otvetstvennost za zlostnoe ne-povinovenie rabotnikam uchrezhdeniy i organov UIS ,
budet problematichnym . Shirokoe obshchestvennoe i
nauchnoe obsuzhdenie i disputy , pozitsii zaintereso –
vannyh v razreshenii voprosa gosudarstvennyh i ob-
shchestvennyh struktur , dolzhnostnyh lits, a takzhe opre –
delennyy v poslednie desyatiletiya trend na gumaniza –
tsiyu ugolovnoy i ugolovno -ispolnitelnoy politiki
mogut stat sereznym prepyatstviem v prodvizhenii
zakonoproekta o vvedenii rassmatrivaemogo vida ugo-
lovnoy otvetstvennosti .
Polagaem vvedenie normy ugolovnogo zakona ,
predusmatrivayushchey otvetstvennost za zlostnoe ne-
povinovenie rabotnikam uchrezhdeniy i organov UIS ,
ne tolko prezhdevremennym , no i v tselom neobosno –
vannym . Pomimo privedennyh dovodov i analiza ras-
smatrivaemyh obshchestvennyh otnosheniy stoit otme –
tit eshche i problemnost primeneniya distsiplinarnoy
(administrativnoy ) preyuditsii . Spravedlivo v svyazi s
etim pishet N.A. Lopashenko , chto prestuplenie s ad-
ministrativnoy preyuditsey – iskusstvenno sozdannaya
zakonodatelem konstruktsiya , imeyushchaya effekt s bes-
smyslennym unichtozheniem granits prestupnogo i
neprestupnogo [9, s. 71].
Deystvuyushchiy ugolovnyy zakon RF obespechivaet
bezopasnost cheloveka (st. 7). Eta bezopasnost yavlyaet –
sya vseobemlyushchey i imeet otnoshenie v tom chisle k
litsam , sovershivshim prestuplenie i otbyvayushchim
nakazanie po prigovoru suda . Otkaz ot idei vozvrashche –
niya k polozheniyam st. 188.3 UK RSFSR i vvedeniya ugo-
lovnoy otvetstvennosti za zlostnoe nepovinovenie
predstavitelyam uchrezhdeniy i organov UIS , na nash
vzglyad , dolzhno kompensirovatsya predupreditelny –
mi vozmozhnostyami ugolovno -ispolnitelnogo zakono –
datelstva RF i slozhivsheysya praktiki : obshchey i in-
dividualnoy profilaktikoy pravonarusheniy v IU,
aktivizatsiey voprosov o napravlenii zlostnyh naru –
shiteley rezhima otbyvaniya nakazaniya v EPKT i tyur –
my, a takzhe merami vospitatelnogo vozdeystviya v
srede osuzhdennyh .

LITERATURA

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Zlostnoe nepovinovenie trebovaniyam administratsii 121
Malicious Disobedience to the Requirements of a Correctional Facility Administration: Problems of Interpretation, Liability
and Security in Detention Facilities
Ugolovnaya yustitsiya – Russian Journal of Criminal Law , 2019, 13, 117–121. DOI: 10.17223/23088451/13/23
Renat Z. Useev, Samara Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (Samara, Russian Federation). E-mail:
useev@rambler.ru
Keywords: malicious disobedience, legal requirements, correctional facility, malicious violation, convict.
Criminal legal relations in correctional facilities are characterized by a complex of means that deter crimes and offenses amon g convicts.
Subjects providing for penal legal relations, i.e. territorial agencies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, suggest considering the
issue of proposals for making amendments and addendums to the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. These proposals actually come down to the revival of Article 188.3 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, which provided criminal liability for mal icious
disobedience to the lawful demands of the prison administration by the convicted person, if during a year this person was subje ct to a
transfer to a cell-type room (single cell), or was transferred to prison. The author analyzed Article 188.3 of the Criminal Cod e of the
RSFSR, a number of norms of corrective work legislation and their application and noted the problems of lexical, legal and organizational nature. In the article, he expresses his position on the prospects for the application of criminal liability for malicious
disobedience to the legal requirements of the prison administration.

References

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requirements of the administration of a correctional labor facility: Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the USSR
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[Collection of resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the USSR (1924–1986)]. Moscow.

5. Abaturov, A.I. (2010) Profilaktika zlostnykh narusheniy ustanovlennogo poryadka otbyvaniya nakazaniya v ispravitel’nykh
uchrezhdeniyakh [Prevention of malicious violations of the established order of punishment in correctional facilities]. Moscow:
Mezhdunarodnyy yuridicheskiy institut.
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ugolovno-ispolnitel’noy sistemy FSIN Rossii (yanvar’ – dekabr’ 2017 g.): informatsionno-analiticheskiy sbornik [Main indicators of
the activity of the penitentiary system of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (January – December 2017): information an d
analytical collection]. Tver: Research Institute of Information Technology of the Federal Penitentiary Service.
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penitentiary system]. [Online] Available from: http://www.fsin.su/structure/inspector/iao/statistika/Kratkaya% 20har-ka%20UIS/.
(Accessed: 21.01.2019).
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trudovykh uchrezhdeniyakh: postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda SSSR ot 2 marta 1989 g. № 1 [On court practice in cases of
crimes committed in corrective labor facilities: Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the USSR No. 1 of 2 March 1989]. Byulleten’ Verkhovnogo Suda SSSR. 3. pp. 5.

9. Lopashenko, N.A. (2011) Administrativnoy preyuditsii v ugolovnom prave – net! [No to administrative prejudice in criminal la w!].
Vestnik Akademii General’noy prokuratury Rossiyskoy Federatsii . 3(23). pp. 64–71.