10 RESEARCH IN PIG BREEDING, 10, 2016 (2) EFFECT OF FEEDING SYSTEM IN RELATIONSHIP TO FATTENI NG AND PRODUCTION PARAMETERS FROM MANGALITSA BREED… [620380]

10 RESEARCH IN PIG BREEDING, 10, 2016 (2)
EFFECT OF FEEDING SYSTEM IN RELATIONSHIP TO FATTENI NG AND PRODUCTION
PARAMETERS FROM MANGALITSA BREED

Debrecéni, O., Bu čko, O., Komová, P.

Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Rep ublic
Abstract

Nowadays it is a trend in the market of pork to create products based on traditional specialities a nd these products
require a specific meat quality with emphasis on dr y matter content, intramuscular fat content in meat and fatty acid
composition. The aim of this study was to verify th e intensive feeding system in fattening of Mangalit sa breed from
the point of view of improving fattening and slaugh ter parameters. In the study, sixteen pcs of Mangal itsa breed were
used. The pigs were divided into two groups. The fi rst group was fed under the intensive conditions (G 1), where the
pigs received complete feed mixture for fatteners b y ad libitum system . The second group was fed under the semi-
intensive conditions (G 2), where the Mangalitsa breed received feed mixture with restraint twice a day. The fattening
period lasted from 30 kg to 100 kg. The G 1 had higher average daily gain, lower feed intake a s well as feed
consumption efficiency compared to G 2 (P < 0.05). In general, the G 2 had lower slaughter yield, but significantly
longer carcass length (P < 0.05) compared to G 1. The G 1 had higher weight of shoulder, but lower weight of neck (P
< 0.05), loin, thigh as well as lower percentage of lean meat cuts and meat from the thigh compared do G 2. The loin
eye area was also significantly lower in G1 than in G2 (P < 0.05). Regarding differences between fat p arts from pigs,
the G 1 had higher backfat thickness and percentage of car cass fat than G2. It can be concluded that indigeno us breed
Mangalitsa can be reared in the intensive condition s, where the fattening parameters were improved and quality of
carcass was not significantly changed.

Key words: average daily gain, carcass, Mangalitsa breed, slau ghter traits
In recent years, there has been increasing inter est in
indigenous breeds such as Mangalitsa breed (Petrovi ć
et al., 2011), because meat and meat products from
these pigs are highly accepted by consumers due to
high quality of meat. The meat from Mangalitsa is
tasty with excellent consistency (Parunovi ć et al.,
2013). The high amount of intramuscular fat and the
high levels of unsaturated fatty acids have been
pointed out as the most relevant quality aspects in
meat from indigenous pig breeds (Staniši ć et al.,
2015), although the indigenous breeds exhibited low
average daily gain, higher feed intake as well as h igh
fatness and low leanness (Szulc et al., 2012). The
Mangalitsa is a typical fat-type, curly haired pig with
relatively low reproductive performance, but good
adaptability to rearing conditions such as extensiv e
conditions compared to pig meat breeds. The
Mangalitsa sows achieve 165-180 kg of body weight
and boars 165-220 kg of body weight at 2-3 years of
ages under the extensive conditions. The lard is
generally 65-70 % and lean meat 30-35 % in carcass
side compared to pig meat breeds, which have over 5 0
% of lean meat in carcass (Egerzegi et al., 2003). The
future of the Mangalitsa is dependent largely on
whether products derived from them can be utilized
effectively by long-term market or consumers
(Parunovi ć et al., 2012). The Mangalitsa breed
represents a key role in a healthier nutrition pl an due to high content of unsaturated fatty acids, which are
essential to human nutrition and disease prevention
(Szábo, 2006).
The present study was conducted to verify the
intensive feeding system in fattening of Mangalitsa
breed from the point of view of improving fattening
and slaughter parameters.

Material and Methods

The experiment was realized in the Experimental
centre of animal near the Department of Animal
Husbandry at the Slovak University of Agriculture i n
Nitra. In the study, twenty-four pigs of Mangalitsa
breed were used. In the study, sixteen pigs of
Mangalitsa breed were used. The pigs were divided
into two group with different feeding system. First
group of pigs (n=9) were reared in the intensive
system (G 1). The pigs received complete feed mixture
for fatteners (Table 1) by ad libitum system in the
intensive system. The second group of Mangalitsa
breed (n=7) were reared in the semi-intensive syste m
(G 2). The pigs were fed by feed mixture (Table 2) with
restraint twice a day. The nutrient composition of feed
mixtures of both groups are shown in Table 3. The p en
was consisted of concrete floor, which was bedding
straw. The fattening period was lasted from 30 kg t o
100 kg. After the fattening period the pigs were mo ved to

11 RESEARCH IN PIG BREEDING, 10, 2016 (2)
slaughterhouse in the Experimental centre of animal .
Then they were electrically stunned and slaughtered
according to government regulation NR SR 432/2012
(about the protection of animals during the slaught er).
The dissection of carcasses was done according to
standard practices of station of fattening and slau ghter
values in Slovakia (initially STN 466 164).
The data were subjected to statistical analysis by
ANOVA using the Statistic Analysis System (SAS)
package (SAS 9.2 using of application Enterprise
Guide 5.1.) Differences between groups were analyse d
by Tukey's test.

Results and Discussion

Means and standard deviations of fattening
parameters of pigs are shown in Table 4. The G 1 had
higher average daily gain (ADG) by 56 % , lower fee d
intake by 42.9 % as well as feed consumption
efficiency by 33.1 % compared to G 2 (P < 0.05). From
the point of view of fattening parameters, the inte nsive
feeding system is more effective due to higher ADG,
lower feed intake just as feed consumption efficien cy
than the semi-intensive feeding system. According t o
study of Serra et al. (1998), the Iberian pig breed
achieved higher ADG, which was more than 39.8 %
and 18.9 % compared to our results. Further, the
report of Pârvu et al. (2011) showed that Mangalits a
achieved higher AVG, but lower feed intake than in
our results.
The results for the slaughter traits of pigs are
presented in Table 5. In general, the G 2 had lower
slaughter yield, but significantly longer carcass length (P < 0.05) compared to G 1. As regards the differences
of mainly cuts and carcass fat, only small differen ces
were found. However the G 1 had higher weight of
shoulder, but lower weight of neck (P < 0.05), loin ,
thigh as well as lower percentage of lean meat cuts
and meat from the thigh compared do G 2 (P < 0.05).
The loin eye area was also significantly lower in G 1
than in G2. The quality of carcass was not changed in
the intensive conditions, but the weight of main cu ts
was lower just as loin eye area.
These results are in agreement with findings of
Bocian et al. (2012); Daza et al. (2006); Kuzelov e t al.
(2011); Parunović et al. (2012); Petrović et al. (2 011).
On the other hand, Swallow-bellied Mangalitsa and
White Mangalitsa achieved lower values of warm
carcass weight and cold carcass weight than in our
results (Parunovi ć et al., 2013).
Regarding differences between fat parts from pig s,
the G 1 had lower weight of backfat, but higher backfat
thickness compared to G 2. Similarly, weight of carcass
fat was lower and percentage of carcass fat higher in
G1 than in G2, although there were not significant
differences. Results show that indigenous breeds
reared in the intensive conditions had more fat in
carcass than pigs reared in the semi-intensive
conditions. According to study of Szabó et al. (201 0),
Mangalitsa breed had higher backfat thickness
compared to Hungary Large White, but the results of
Mangalitsa were less compared to our results.
Indigenous polish pig breed Zlotnicka spotted had
lower backfat thickness and higher level of lean me at
than in our results (Szulc et al., 2012).
Table 1. Composition of complete feed mixture
Ingredients %
Corn 50
Barley 10
Wheat 10
Soybean meal 10
Linseed 10
Granuled alfalfa 7
Mineral and vitamin supplement 3
Table 2. Composition of feed mixture
Ingredients
Maize % 60
Oat % 30
Straw pellets % 10

12 RESEARCH IN PIG BREEDING, 10, 2016 (2)
Table 3. The nutrition content of feed mixtures
Traits CFM FM Pellets
ME, MJ.kg -1 12.69 11,54 2,58
Dry matter, % 89.79 91,3 96,37
Crude protein, % 13.75 10,39 6,3
Crude fat, % 5.23 3,21 2,02
Crude fibre, % 7.36 9,04 32,95
Ash, % 5.39 4,03 6,48
CFM: Complete feed mixture; FM: Feed mixture
Table 4. Fattening parameters of Mangalitsa breed f rom different breeding systems
Traits G1 (n=9) G 2 (n=7)
ȳ SD ȳ SD
Days of fattening 114 a 7.7 258 b 3.4
Average daily gain (g) 614.1 a 43.2 270.7 b 3.4
Feed intake kg per 1 kg gain 5.2 a 0.25 9.1 b 0.18
Feed consumption effeciency (MJ) for 1 kg gain 69.6a 3.4 104 b 2
a,b: Different letters in the same row indicate sig nificant statistical differences (Tukey's test, P < 0.05)
Table 5. Slaughter traits of Mangalitsa breed from different rearing systems
Traits G1 (n=9) G 2 (n=7)
ȳ SD ȳ SD
Hot carcass weight (kg) 81.5 4.79 83.36 3.64
Cold carcass weight (kg) 79.56 4.13 81.64 3.39
Loss by chilling (%) 1.19 0.79 1.04 0.49
Slaughter yield (%) 79.02 1.73 78.32 1.36
Carcass length (cm) 71.61 a 2.12 88.93 b 2.54
Neck (kg) 2.15 a 0.3 2.78 b 0.27
Shoulder (kg) 3.33 0.22 3.16 0.37
Loin (kg) 3.13 0.34 3.15 0.43
Thigh (kg) 4.8 0.67 5.1 0.54
Meat from the thigh (%) 12.31 1.86 12.55 1.09
Weight of lean meat cuts (kg) 13.41 1.11 14.79 1.48
Lean meat cuts (%) 34.36 3.27 34.89 3.03
Loin eye area (mm 2) 2611 a 382.2 3586 b 719.7
Jowl (kg) 1.29 0.23 1.25 0.15
Pork belly (kg) 7.96 0.83 7.98 0.58
Weight underskinfat from thigh (kg) 3.34 0.62 3.35 0.38
Kidney fat (kg) 0.12 0.01 0.12 0.01
Backfat (kg) 7.21 1.43 7.29 0.43
Backfat thickness (cm) 5.7 0.8 5.5 0.6
Weight of carcass fat (kg) 21.39 2.27 21.7 1.49
Carcass fat (%) 26.87 2.16 26.58 1.52
a,b: Different letters in the same row indicate sig nificant statistical differences (Tukey's test, P < 0.05

13 RESEARCH IN PIG BREEDING, 10, 2016 (2)
Conclusion

According to the results obtained, the Mangalits a
breed had higher average daily gain with lower feed
intake in the intensive conditions than Mangalitsa in
the semi-intensive conditions. As regards the slaug hter
traits, the Mangalitsa in the intensive conditions had
lower percentage of meat with higher level of carca ss
fat in carcass that Mangalitsa breed in the semi-
intensive conditions. It can be concluded that
indigenous breed Mangalitsa can be reared in the
intensive conditions, where the fattening parameter s
were improved and quality of carcass was not
significantly changed.

References

BOCIAN, M., WOJTYSIAK, D., HANKOWIAK, H.,
CEBULSKA, A., KAPELA ŃSKI, W., MIGDAL,
W., 2012. Carcass, Meat Quality and
Histochemical Traits of m. longissimus lumborum
from Zlotnicka Spotted Pigs and Commercial Pigs.
Folia Biologica (Kraków) 60, 181-187.
DAZA, A., MATEOS., A., CARRASCO, C.L., REY,
A., OVEJERO, I., LÓPEZ-BOTE, C.J., 2006.
Effect of feeding system on the growth and carcass
characteristics of Iberian pigs, and the use of
ultrasound to estimate yields of joints. Meat
Science 72, 1-8.
EGERSZEGI, I., RÁTKY, J., LÁSZLÓ, S.,
BRÜSSOW, K.P., 2003. Mangalica – an
indigenous swine breed from Hungary (Review).
Archiv Tierzucht, Dummerstorf 46, 245-256.
KUZELOV, A., TASKOV, N., ANGELKOVA, T.,
ATANASOVA, E., MLADENOV, M., 2011.
Impact of live weight on the quality of pigs halves
and meat of the large white breed. Biotechnology
in Animal Husbandry 27, 819-824.
PARUNOVI Ć, M., PETROVI Ć, M., MATEKALO-
SVERAK, V., TRBOVI Ć, D., MIJATOVI Ć, M.,
RADOVI Ć, Č., 2012. Fatty acid profile and
cholesterol content of m. longissimus of free-range
conventionally reared Mangalitsa pigs. South
African Journal of Animal Science , 42, 101-113.
PARUNOVI Ć, N., PETROVI Ć, M., MATEKALO-
SVERAK, V., RADOVI Ć, Č., STANIŠI Ć, N.,
2013. Carcass properties, chemical content and
fatty acid composition of the musculus longissimus
of different pig genotypes. South African Journal
of Animal Science 43, 123-136. PÂRVU, M., BOGDAN, A.T., ANDRONIE, I.C.,
AMFIM, A., 2011. Aspect of Energy Metabolism
in Mangalitsa Pigs Exposed at Thermic Neutral
Temperature. Scientific Papers: Animal Science
and Biotechnologies 44, 180-182.
PETROVI Ć, M., RADOVI Ć, Č, MIJATOVI Ć, M.,
RADOJKOVI Ć, D., STANIŠI Ć, N.,
PARUNOVI Ć, N., 2011. The share of tissues in
pig carcass sides of autochthonous breeds
depending on the body mass and sex.
Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 27, 561-569.
SERRA, X., GIL, F., PÉREZ-ENCISO, M., OLIVER,
M.A., VÁZGUEZ, J.M., GISPERT, M., DÍAZ, I.,
MORENO, F., LATORRE, R., NOGUERA, J.L.,
1998. A comparison of carcass, meat quality and
histochemical characteristics of Iberian
(Guadyerbas line) and Landrace pigs. Livestock
Production Science 56, 215-223.
STANIŠI Ć, N., RADOVI Ć, Č., STAJI Ć, S.,
ŽIVKOVI Ć, D., TOMAŠEVI Ć, I., 2015.
Physicochemical properties of meat from
Mangalitsa pig breed . Meso 17, 156-159.
SZÁBO, P., 2006. Fatty acid composition of the
tissues of Mangalica and other pig genotypes.
Hungarian Journal Animal Production 55, 293-
311.
SZABÓ, A., VISKI, A., EGYHÁZI, Z., HÁZAS, Z.,
HORN, P., ROMVÁRI, R., 2010. Comparison of
Mangalica and Hungarian Large White pigs at
identical bodyweight: 1. Backfat histology. Archiv
Tierzucht, Dummerstorf 53, 141-146.
SZULC, K., SKRZYPCZAK, E., BUCZY ŃSKI, J.T.,
STANISLAWSKI, D., JANKOWSKA-
MAKOSA, A., KNECHT, D., 2012. Evaluation of
fattening and slaughter performance and
determination of meat quality in Zlotnicka Spotted
pigs and their crosses with the Duroc breed . Czech
Journal of Animal Science 57, 95-107.

Corresponding Address
prof. Ing. Ondrej Debrecéni, CSc.
Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra
Faculty of agrobiology and food resources
Department of Animal Husbandry
Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
E-mail : Ondrej.Debreceni@uniag.sk

This study was supported by project VEGA 1/0364/15.